Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-06-30T14:09:51Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) VERSÃO DIGITAL CORRIGIDA DA TESE.EDNALDO F. GOMES.pdf: 3801406 bytes, checksum: 522ddc4cd3053c4974d44c496380e14c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-30T14:09:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) VERSÃO DIGITAL CORRIGIDA DA TESE.EDNALDO F. GOMES.pdf: 3801406 bytes, checksum: 522ddc4cd3053c4974d44c496380e14c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender a prática docente do tutor em EAD, a partir da constituição de sua profissionalidade e dos saberes necessários ao exercício da tutoria. Nossos objetivos específicos foram: inventariar o conceito de tutoria com base nos documentos reguladores EAD/UAB e na literatura de área; comparar o discurso e a prática do professor-tutor e o(s) conceito(s) formalizado(s) nos documentos oficiais referentes a EAD; identificar os descritores da profissionalidade do professor atuante na EAD e os saberes necessários ao exercício docente na EAD. Do ponto de vista metodológico, realizamos entrevista semiestruturada e sessões de grupo focal o que nos permitiu constituir espaço de coleta de informações e depoimentos suficientes, cujos conteúdos foram objeto de análise, conjuntamente com os documentos legais selecionados. As análises conjuntamente com as leituras depreendidas revelaram que há um modelo de tutoria concebido pelo Sistema UAB e replicado pelas IPES que serve de referência aos editais de seleção e igualmente identificável ao se traçar um perfil desses profissionais. A docência na EAD reconfigura-se em um trabalho em equipe que requer de seus partícipes diferentes níveis de elaboração e complexidade de suas práticas. No caso do professor tutor são necessárias à sua atuação o exercício de competências técnicas, pedagógicas, socioafetivas e gerenciais amplamente utilizadas em situações de ensino-aprendizagem no contato com os alunos no AVA. A determinação de que esse professor é o responsável pela mediação pedagógica, ao tempo em que atribui uma feição docente ao trabalho desenvolvido, encarcera-o em uma condição de desprestígio profissional ao negligenciar sua formação acadêmica e experiência profissional como suficientes ao desempenho de outras atividades da docência, que nesse caso, ficam a critério de outros membros da equipe de trabalho, deixando a responsabilidade do ensino como uma atividade de segunda grandeza. Os documentos que regem a EAD deixam evidente que o professor tutor é o profissional para atuar exclusivamente com o ensino, responsável em operacionalizar as aulas, executar as atividades, mas incapaz de pensar pedagogicamente sobre o curso que atua. Nesse aspecto, o professor tutor atua em uma situação de semi-institucionalização extrema em relação aos demais perfis de atuação UAB porque ainda que desenvolva a mesma carga horária dos demais partícipes e tenham formação acadêmica bem próximas, o mesmo recebe o menor dos valores de bolsa disponíveis a EAD. Todavia, no contato com os alunos esse professor em pleno exercício de mediação pedagógica mobiliza sistematicamente os conhecimentos específicos de sua formação, de modo a contribuir afirmativamente para a apropriação de conhecimentos, sendo esse o nicho que nos permite afirmar que o professor tutor é um profissional em construção por preencher somente parcialmente os critérios distintivos para considera-lo como um profissional, faltando-lhe o reconhecimento de sua competência investigativa, o recebimento de proventos e instrumentos reguladores elaborados e geridos por ele mesmo. / This study aimed to understand the teaching practice of the E-Learning tutor, from the constitution of their professionalism and knowledge necessary for the exercise of tutoring. Our specific objectives were: to catalogue the concept of tutoring on the basis of regulatory documents E-Learning/UAB and in the field of literature; to compare the practice of teacher-tutor and the concept(s) formalized in official documents relating to E-Learning; to identify the descriptors of the professionalism of the acting teacher in E-Learning and knowledge necessary for teaching practice in E-Learning. From a methodological point of view, we have conducted a semi-structured interview and we have also made focus group sessions which allowed us to provide an information gathering space, as well as enough testimonials, whose contents have been reviewed, together with the selected legal documents. The analyzes together with the readings revealed that there is a tutoring model designed by the UAB System and replicated by IPES wich can be used as a reference to selection edicts and also identifiable when drawing a profile of these professionals. We understand that teaching in E-Learning reconfigures itself in a teamwork that requires from its participants different levels of development and complexity of their practices. For a teacher-tutor the following abilities are essencial in their performance: exercise of technical, pedagogical, social-affective and managerial competences which are widely used in teaching-learning situations when in contact with students in the Virtual Learning Environment. The determination which states that this teacher is responsible for teaching mediation imputes him/her a teaching feature to the developed work. Such determination imprisons him/her in a professional debasement condition by neglecting his/her academic background and professional experience as sufficient for the performance of other teaching activities which, in this case, are at the discretion of other members of the workteam, so the responsibility of teaching is set as an activity of the second magnitude. The governing documents the E-Learning make it clear that the teacher-tutor is the right professional to work exclusively with teaching. He/She is responsible for operationalizing the classes, performing the activities, but unable to think pedagogically about the course he/she works at. In this respect the teacher-tutor acts in a situation of extreme semi-institutionalization compared to the other UAB performance profiles because even if they develop the same workload of the other participants and they have very close academic training, he/her receives the lowest teaching fellowship available in E-Learning. However, through contact with students, this teacher in complete pedagogical mediation exercise mobilizes systematically the expertise from his/her academic background, contributing positively to the appropriation of knowledge, which is the place which allows us to state that the tutor is a professional under construction due to fill only half of the distinguishing criteria to consider him/her as a professional, lacking of recognition of his/her investigative skills, as well as receiving proceeds and regulatory instruments elaborated and managed by him/herself.

AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OFMelissa Kinsella, for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Rhetoric and Composition, presented on February 26, 2021, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: GRADUATE TUTORS/INSTRUCTORS: NAVIGATING SHIFTING IDENTITY ROLESMAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Lisa J. McClure Writing centers directors at many universities staff graduate student as tutors; these graduate students receive support for their graduate education while also fulfilling important role in the university. These graduate tutors can hold dual roles as both tutors and instructors - Graduate tutors/instructors (GTIs) as I have called them. GTIs have complex identities that include graduate, student, instructor, and tutor components. GTIs navigate between shifting roles as both classroom instructors and writing center peer collaborative tutors. There is a preexisting writing peer collaborative pedagogy and ethos that GTIs are expected to uphold when becoming writing center tutors. This phenomenological qualitative research study utilizes a survey and follow-up interview to specifically explore how GTIs view and experience their peer tutoring relationships, collaborative tutoring techniques, and their navigation and shift from instructor to tutor. GTIs are studied within the context of SIUC’s writing center. The results of this research offer initial insight into the GTI experience and provide a starting point for exploring the GTI experience on a larger and deeper scale. Writing center pedagogy emphasizes a peer tutoring dynamic; results find that GTIs feel differing degrees of peer frequencies dependent on both the GTIs’ and tutees’ demographic. Further, collaborative techniques are offered within writing center scholarship to enact peer tutoring exchanges; results identify a tendency to collaborate with all tutee demographics with frequency differences reflecting the stage of the writing process and tutee need. The peer and collaborative results present scenarios in which peer and collaborative tutoring doesn’t necessarily go hand-in-hand, while also suggesting that collaborative techniques could be used in spite of a peer relationship; collaboration could also be utilized to enact a peer exchange, even when a peer relationship isn’t present. Moreover, there are ways that shifting from instructor to tutor impacts the tutoring exchange in terms of tutor authority, knowledge, evaluation, and technique. Writing center directors and researchers should acknowledge the complexity of the GTI experience in order to support and understand the GTI exchange and navigation. Keywords: peer tutor, graduate tutor, writing center collaboration, instructor to tutor navigation

The subject being discussed constantly at present is the age of criminals which is becoming younger and younger. This is a great problem of our society because the future of a society depends not only on the economic results but also on the proper social potential of the people who act. A survey shows that a large number of teenagers under sixteen who do not learn is crucial to their inappropriate and criminal activity. School, whose main aim is to educate an independent and creative personality, can contribute to the solution of this problem because only keeping a child at school enables us to reduce the threat of doing inappropriate activity. The current paper discusses the causes crucial to the schoolchildren who can be involved into a risk group. It also analyses the possible contribution of a tutor as a coordinator of the education process to the positive change in the society through the positive changes of the risk group schoolchildren. To be able to foresee the possibilities for the activity of a tutor, two surveys were carried out. The first one was a general survey in which 667 schoolchildren of a risk group and their tutors were questioned by the group of post graduates. The second survey, in which 262 schoolchildren of Vilnius Pilaite Secondary School had to answer the questions presented, was fulfilled personally by the author. On the basis of the research carried out and the analysis of the practical activity it can be maintained that each member of a... [to full text]

Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) have proven their effectiveness in many domains, but very few attempts have been made to embed them with existing systems. This area of research has a lot of potential in providing life-long learning and work place training. This PhD project makes several significant contributions. This is the first attempt to embed a Constraint-Based Tutor (CBT) with an existing system, in order to investigate the benefits of providing on-the-job training. We also propose a framework for embedded ITSs, and develop DM-Tutor (Decision-Making Tutor) embedded with the MIS for palm oil. DM-Tutor is the first ITS for the domain of oil palm plantation decision making, and was developed in the ASPIRE authoring system. Our hypothesis was that DM-Tutor embedded with the MIS for palm oil would provide effective instruction and training for oil palm plantation decision making. We also wanted to investigate the role of feedback messages in helping to provide effective training.

The Third International Mathematics and Science Study (1995) and the National Assessment of Educational Progress results (1996) indicate that the United States has not reached the goal of being first in the world in mathematics and science achievement established by the Goals 2000 Act. Many states have adopted the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics standards for mathematics instruction, which call for the integration of computer technology, in an effort to improve international and national mathematics achievement results. Recent research (e.g., Anderson & Koedinger, 1995, Mann, Shakeshaft, Becker, & Kotkamp, 1999) has reported significant increases in student achievement in mathematics through the use of intelligent tutoring software such as the Carnegie Algebra Tutor. This study built upon this body research on computer technology and how it can be effectively integrated into classrooms to impact student achievement and attitude. In particular, the effect of the Carnegie Algebra Tutor on student achievement and attitude towards mathematics in an introductory high school Algebra course was examined. The quantitative portion of the study used a non-equivalent control group design. The population of the study consisted of 445 students. Student achievement was measured using scale scores on the Virginia Algebra I SOL assessment with the Total Mathematics portion of the Stanford 9 Ta as covariate. Student attitudes were measured using a shortened version of the Fennema-Sherman Mathematics Attitude Scales survey. Independent variables included the treatment condition, race/ethnicity, and gender. An ANCOVA was conducted to determine achievement effects, while ANOVA was conducted to determine attitude effects. The qualitative portion of the study consisted of student and teacher focus groups. It was through these focus group sessions that program implementation issues and cognitive and affective effects on students and teachers were examined. Analysis revealed statistically significant mean achievement differences between Black (M=402.2) and White (M=395.7) students. Student focus group data revealed an overall positive experience for students. Emerging themes from the teacher focus group included alignment issues with the Carnegie tutor and the Algebra SOL, implementation concerns, student effects, and software issues. Based on these findings, implications of the results of this study, future avenues of research, and implementation suggestions are offered. / Ed. D.

All public schools in the United States have been caught up in educational reform. This has especially been true since the 1980’s. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 was a major component in how schools have changed the process of educating students. In response to reform efforts, many schools have relied on their own knowledge to achieve higher test scores. In the last several years, accountability standards have been increasing. Schools are being assessed according to national standards. Because of this, many schools are using different methods of instruction for students at-risk of failing. One method of instruction that many schools have turned to is tutoring. Tutoring has been used in education for a long period of time. The use of tutoring and its effectiveness have been well established in the literature. However, there is not much literature on why tutoring is effective. There is also limited research on the tutor perceptions of the tutoring program. The focus of this study is to examine the use of tutors in Northeast Mississippi school districts. This study explores the grade levels and subjects tutors work in, how the tutoring sessions are organized, and the focus and materials of the tutoring sessions. Additionally, the backgrounds, experiences, training, and perceptions of the tutors regarding the tutoring program are explored. The results of this study suggest that tutors of schools in the Northeast Mississippi districts are utilized in a manner consistent with the research on effective tutoring. Additionally, the findings of this study add to the literature in regards to the organization, focus, and materials of the tutoring sessions. The findings show that some schools in Northeast Mississippi have a good organized tutoring program, but that others do not. Conversely, the focus and materials used in most of the tutoring sessions are consistent with ones shown to be effective in research. The findings also give some insight into tutor perspectives regarding tutoring sessions. Tutor perspectives coincide with research findings that show one-to-one and small group tutoring is effective and that tutors need training, observation, and feedback on tutoring to be most successful.

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Beside all the technical challenges concerning sensor quality and control algorithms one of the main issues related to the introduction of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) constitutes the human-machine interaction. This covers not only the physical interface between the driver and the system but also the understanding and cognitive model the driver needs to operate the system. The explorative analysis of a long-term field study of the use of ACC, was aimed at identifying characteristics of the learning process and their potential implications for conceptualising novel displays to increase, particularly in the early phases, usability and safety of the system through the adaptation of information to the drivers. The analysis of the learning aspects derived from drivers’ interaction with the system enabled the identification of learning aims for the usage of an ACC system and an objective classification of observable behaviours from which different levels of skill can be interpreted. It was concluded that by responding to the difficulties met by users in the actual situation and by adapting the information to the drivers’ experience, drivers’ learning progress could be accelerated through better comprehensibility and predictability of the system. To this aim, two innovative help-systems were conceived, implemented and evaluated in terms of drivers driving behaviour and interactions with the ACC system, in the BMW fixed-base driving simulator. A learn-adaptive, multi-modal, on-line tutor system that covered interactions with the system at every level of the driving task (Reichart, 2001) for which learning must be effectuated, was tested with 11 participants. A personalised learning model of the driver was used to relate the drivers’ prior usage of the system and his situational experience, to give the driver additional advice and explanation in order to shorten the learning period. A main effect was found between the experimental groups’ understanding of the system and in participants’ ability to predict when to reclaim control of the system, as measured by the reduction in unnecessary interventions and reduced number of panic reactions. The use of cognitive apprenticeship methods (Cognition and Technology Group at Vanderbilt, 1993) on an online adaptation of feedback showed a positive influence on the learning process, increasing the speed of the learning process towards the acquisition of skill. The second experiment’s objective was to develop an interface that most effectively helped drivers learn to predict the need to reclaim control and the appropriate sensitivity of response in take-over situations. Drivers interactions with a didactic, two-step warning display, based on a time algorithm that was personalised to drivers maximum preferred deceleration level, was tested with 24 participants. Display effects were observed in time-to-collision, reaction times, the number of false alarms (unnecessary driver interventions) and misses (collision or near collisions). Significant differences were also found in distance error, adequate deceleration rates, panic braking and reaction times on the peripheral detection task. These results were also largely supported by the subjective measures. The proposed concepts have shown methods of reducing the ADAS learning phase and accelerating drivers behaviour to a skill level. The theoretical and empirical work described in this thesis plays an important role in deriving recommendations for systems that reduce the amount of learning demand on the driver and eliminates learnability issues that can lead to safety-critical traffic situations.

Zweite Studienarbeit Hochschule für Angewandte Psychologie Zürich, 2006.

El presente artículo resume la experiencia de un programa de tutoría en los primeros años de formación académica y describe la importancia del docente como tutor, al ser éste articulador del proceso de aprendizaje y de identificación con el quehacer universitario. Se describen algunos efectos de la actividad tutorial y las consecuencias tanto para los alumnos y los profesores, así como recomendaciones para las instituciones que deseen implementar o mejorar sus programas de acción tutorial.