京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第19681号 / 工博第4136号 / 新制||工||1638(附属図書館) / 32717 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科機械理工学専攻 / (主査)教授 西脇 眞二, 教授 稲室 隆二, 教授 松原 厚 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

付記する学位プログラム名: デザイン学大学院連携プログラム / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第21099号 / 工博第4463号 / 新制||工||1693(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科機械理工学専攻 / (主査)教授 西脇 眞二, 教授 椹木 哲夫, 教授 松原 厚 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

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近年発酵生産が注目されているコハク酸の抽出分離法についてイオン液体を含む液膜法及び水性２相抽出法を用いて研究した．イオン液体を含む含浸型液膜により，受容相に塩酸水溶液を用いることでコハク酸の上り坂輸送を達成できた．次にイオン液体を含む高分子溶媒膜によるコハク酸の透過を検討した．最適な条件は含浸液膜と異なり，透過にはコハク酸の各化学種が関与していた．最後に水溶性有機溶媒やイオン液体を用いた水性２相抽出法によるコハク酸の抽出を行った．塩および糖を相分離剤とすることで，発酵液で想定されるコハク酸の80％以上の抽出が達成できた． / Succinic acid is widely used in many industrial sectors; pharmacy, textile, food, etc. The bio-production of succinic acid from renewable resource was desired because the petrochemical production of succinic acid became costly. In this study, the extraction and separation techniques of succinic acid by liquid membranes (LMs) and aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) containing ionic liquids (ILs) were exploited. The permeation mechanisms and optical conditions were elucidated. / 博士(工学) / Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

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To access and operate in space, a wide range of propulsion systems has been developed, from high-thrust chemical propulsion to low-thrust electrical propulsion, and new kind of systems are considered, such as solar sails and nuclear propulsion. Recently, interest in hybrid rocket engines has been renewed due to their attractive features (safe, cheap, flexible) and they are now investigated and developed by research laboratories such as ONERA.This master’s thesis work is in line with their development at ONERA and aims at finding a methodology to study numerically the liquid oxidizer injection using a Lagrangian solver for the liquid phase. For this reason, it first introduces a model for liquid atomiser developed for aeronautical applications, the FIMUR model, and then focuses on its application to a hybrid rocket engine configuration.The FIMUR model and the Sparte solver have proven to work fine with high mass flow rates on coarse grids. The rocket engine simulations have pointed out the need of an initialisation of the flow field. The methodology study has proven that starting with a reduced liquid mass flow rate is preferable to a simulation with a reduced relaxation between the coupled solvers. The former could not be brought to conclusion due to lack of time but gives an encouraging path to further investigate.

Two-Phase bubbly flows are encountered in a wide range of industrial applications, particularly where phase changes occur as seen in high performance heat exchangers and boiling reactors for power generation. These flows have been extensively studied in channels with circular geometries using air-water flows, though little data exists for flows through narrow rectangular channels. Measurements in thin geometries are particularly challenging since large bubbles bridge the gap, and it is difficult to compare point measurements with photographic techniques. The objective of this study is to explore the abilities of hot-film anemometry and high speed photography for taking measurements in a narrow vertical rectangular channel for a range of volume fractions, with particular attention on the narrow dimension. Hot-film anemometry (HFA) is a measurement technique originally developed for the measurement of fluid velocities, but has since been found to have applications for broader measurements in multiphase flow. With the sensor operating on the principle of heat loss, the method takes advantage of the differing abilities of the phases to transport heat, with each phase leaving its own signature in the signal response. The linchpin of this method lies in the ability to accurately distinguish between the two phases within the signal, and to execute this operation, various algorithms and techniques have been developed and used with some success for a wide range of flow conditions. This thesis is a study of the various methods of analysis such as amplitude threshold for triggering, and small slope threshold for finely tuning the edges of the bubble interactions, and demonstrates the capabilities of the hot-film sensor in a narrow rectangular vertical duct with a high aspect ratio. A vertical acrylic test section was fabricated for the purposes of this study, inset with a rectangular channel 38.1mm in width and 3.125mm in depth. Experiments were conducted for volume fractions ranging from 2% to 35%, which remained within the limits of the bubbly flow regime, but ranged from small uniform bubbles to larger bubbles coalescing into a transition regime. The hot-film signal was analyzed for void fraction, bubble speed, and bubble size. An in-depth study of the various methods of phase discrimination was performed and the effect of threshold selection was examined. High-speed video footage was taken in conjunction with the anemometer data for a detailed comparison between methods. The bubble speed was found to be in close agreement between the HFA and high-speed video, staying within 10% for volume fractions above 10%, but still remaining under a 30% difference for even as low as the 2% volume fraction, where measurements have been found to be historically difficult. The trends with volume fraction between the HFA and high-speed results were very similar. A correlation for narrow rectangular channels employing a simple drift flux model was found to compare with the void fraction data where appropriate. Good agreement was found between the methods using a hybrid phase discrimination technique for the HFA data for the void fraction and bubble speed results, with the high-speed video results showing a slight over-estimation in regards to the bubble size.