Thèse (Ph. D.)--Université Laval, 2007. / Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 5 mai 2008). Bibliogr.

Thèses (M.Sc.)--Université de Sherbrooke (Canada), 2000. / Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 20 juin 2006). Publié aussi en version papier.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 133-144).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 2006 Nov 30

L’obésité, liée à la résistance à l’insuline, au diabète de type 2 et aux maladies cardiovasculaires, est un problème de santé majeur de notre société. Nous avons démontré que la protéine tyrosine phosphatase Shp1, dont l’expression est significativement augmentée dans les tissus cibles de l’insuline chez les souris obèses, est un régulateur de l’homéostasie du glucose dans le foie et le muscle. Shp1 est impliqué dans la modulation de l’expression et de l’activité du récepteur nucléaire PPARγ dans le foie. Nos recherches ont porté sur la caractérisation de Shp1 dans les adipocytes, la signalisation de l’insuline et le transport du glucose soit en sous-exprimant ou en exprimant de façon constitutive Shp1 dans les cellules adipeuses 3T3-L1. L’état physiologique des cellules a été caractérisé par la mesure de la coloration Oil-Red-O, des triglycérides, de l’expression de PPARγ et de ses gènes cibles et de leurs protéines, de la réponse à l’insuline par le transport du glucose ainsi que l’expression et de la phosphorylation des protéines impliquées dans la signalisation de l’insuline. La diminution de l’expression de Shp1 a entraîné un délai lors du début de la différenciation mesurée par l’expression retardée de PPARγ et certains de ses gènes cibles, mais n’a pas beaucoup affecté le phénotype des cellules complètement différenciées. Bien que la réduction de Shp1 ait augmenté la phosphorylation d’Akt stimulée par l’insuline, le transport de glucose n’a pas été modifié dans ces cellules, et l’expression de glut4 a légèrement diminué. L’expression constitutive de Shp1 a entraîné une forte diminution des niveaux de PPARγ, inhibant totalement la différenciation, l’expression de glut4 et le transport du glucose. Nos données suggèrent que Shp1 joue un rôle important dans les adipocytes comme régulateur de l’adipogenèse par la modulation de l’expression et l’activité de PPARγ et par la régulation de la signalisation de l’insuline. / Obesity, which is causally linked to the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), is a major health issue in our society. We have demonstrated that the protein tyrosine phosphatase Shp1, whose expression is significantly increased in insulin target tissues of obese mice, is a regulator of glucose homeostasis in liver and muscle. Shp1 is implicated in the modulation of expression and activity of the nuclear receptor PPARγ in liver. Here, we describe the characterization of Shp1 in adipocytes by analyzing its role in adipocyte differentiation, insulin signaling and glucose transport by either knocking-down or constitutively expressing Shp1 in 3T3-L1 adipose cells. The physiological state of the cells was characterized by measuring Oil-Red-O staining, triglyceride content, expression of PPARγ and its target genes and their proteins, insulin response by glucose uptake and the expression and phosphorylation of proteins involved in insulin signaling. Knockdown of Shp1 led to a retardation in the onset of differentiation as measured by delayed expression of PPARγ and some of its target genes, but did not much affect the phenotype of fully differentiated cells. Although reducing Shp1 increased insulin-stimulated Akt-phosphorylation, glucose transport was not changed in these cells, and glut4 expression was slightly decreased. Constitutive expression of Shp1, resulted in a strong decrease of PPARγ levels thereby totally inhibiting differentiation, glut4 expression and glucose transport. Our data suggest that Shp1 plays an important role in adipocytes both by acting as a regulator of adipogenesis through modulation of the expression and activity of PPARγ and by regulating the insulin signaling pathway.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2006. / Title from title page screen, viewed on June 8, 2007. Dissertation Committee: Kevin A. Edwards (chair), Craig Gatto, Wade A. Nichols, Samuel Galewsky, John C. Sedbrook. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 218-245) and abstract. Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xviii, 158 p. : ill. (some col.). Advisor: Young C. Lin, Veterinary Biosciences Graduate Program. Includes bibliographical references (p. 148-158).

No description available.

This research investigated the mechanism of action in bacteria of 3,4-methylenedioxy-β-nitropropene (BDM-I), a very broad spectrum antimicrobial lead compound in development as an anti-infective drug. The thesis proposes that BDM-I inhibits bacterial protein tyrosine phosphatases, a novel mechanism of action for an antimicrobial agent and a new target in microorganisms. This very open investigation was directed by considerable biological information on the effects of BDM-I in microorganisms and animals which provided insights into possible and improbable cellular targets. The biological effects of BDM-I were investigated using biochemical and cell-based assays, transmission electron microscopy and whole genome DNA microarray analysis. The specific experiments and order of execution were largely dependent on information gained as the project progressed. BDM-I was shown not to target the metabolic pathways of the major classes of antibacterial drugs, which supports a novel mechanism of action. Investigation of several species-specific effects suggested that cell signalling pathways were a possible target. Based on the structure of BDM-I and review of the scientific literature on cell signalling in bacteria, the hypothesis that BDM-I acted by inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP) was supported by demonstrating inhibition of human and bacterial PTP's in an enzyme assay. This mechanism was consistent with other demonstrated effects: inhibition of the intracellular pathogen, Chlamydia trachomatis; inhibition of swarming in Proteus spp. and inhibition of pigment production in Serratia marcescens; and with kill kinetics in bacteria and yeast. A pilot global genome analysis of BDM-I treated Bacillus subtilis did not detect differential expression of PTP genes but has provided many avenues for further investigation. This research further supports the development of BDM-I as a broad spectrum anti-infective drug.

Thesis (Ph. D.) in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology--University of Maine, 2001. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 113-165).