Thesis (M. Soc. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-84).

Inaug.-diss.--Strassburg. / Vita.

Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-84) Also available in print.

To determine the relationship between vegetation and environmental parameters in the middle and upper watershed of Nan-Tze-Shian stream, the first comprehensive multivariate statistical analysis of the woody vegetation data obtained from field survey, is presented. According to physiognomy and plant composition, 70 homogenous stands were sampled in the area. Each plot is composed of twenty 5 ¡Ñ 5 m2 quadrates. Five environmental factors including plot location, altitude, slope, aspect and microtopography were recorded. All woody plants in each plot species with dbh ≥ 1cm present in the quadrates were identified, and their dbh were measured. In addition, ground layer species were identified and evaluated by their coverage. The vascular plants inventory recorded a total of 118 families, 321 genera and 563 species. Among the 203 woody plants, the families are rich in species including Lauraceae, Fagaceae, Theaceae, Symploaceae and Moraceae. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) was applied to the ordination analysis, to clarify the spatial variation of the 70 plots and search for relationship of the variation with 5 environmental variables. Classification of the vegetation types was conducted by the cluster analysis (CA), two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) and tabular comparison method. The results obtained from the analysis are that the distribution of vegetation types and flora are obvious and sensitive to the elevation and whole light sky space (WLS) and the floristic classification distinguished 9 forest types: Neolitsea acuminatissima - Cyclobalanopsis morii, Vaccinium randaiense - Castanopsis cuspidata, Pasania kawakamii - Cyclobalanopsis stenophylloides, Beilschmiedia erythrophloia, Engelhardtia roxburghiana - Cyclobalanopsis longinux, Helicia formosana - Machilus konishii kusanoi, Castanopsis formosana, Machilus zuihoensis - Schefflera octophylla and Ficus irisana - Machilus kusanoi associations. The associations were re-arranged by tabular comparison method for developing a hierachy of forest vegetation system. This hierachical system consists of Three alliances, characterized by Cyclobalanopsis stenophylloides, Beilschmiedia erythrophloia and Machilus kusanoi, respectively. Finally, I ascribed the vertical vegetation spectrum along with altitude gradient. The altitudinal boundaries between upper Quercus, lower Quercus and Machilus-Castanopsis zones are ca. 1800 m and 1200 m, respectively. The results might help us to understand the habitat diversity and plant diversity in the area, and those are expected to apply to vegetation mapping and environment monitoring.

墨家法思想與傳統中國法學所引為依據的儒家仁學是完全不同的：儒家之仁乃是以自身道德的直覺判斷作為衡量世間萬物的最高準則，並藉此與生俱來的直覺與其他萬物有了所謂''感通"之效應來評斷世上價值。但楊日然教授已在三十年前就提出這種以自身道德直覺為準的儒家哲學，將有導致個人將以其內心的道德判斷取代客觀的禮儀及法律規範的危險。 依據撰著者的觀點，論文最重要在於第二章，即承襲先聖前賢思想的寶貴結晶，把墨家的兼愛思想分成兩個層次而定義為： 兼愛的消極定義：透過自我否定來達到消除敵對意識的精神作用。 兼愛的積極定義：所愛之人的實然性欲求(即被愛之人的期待與物質利益)，即是自我的應然性義務之內涵。 換言之，在墨家法思想中，應然與實然是交互影響的，即他人實然欲望即為自己的應然義務，我的實然欲念即為他人的應然責任。 此論文第二章之目的即在於以現代法學觀念對墨家法思想重新作整理，彰顯中國傳統法思想較忽視的一面，作為往後與傳統法思想對照的一塊墊腳磚，從而在價值規範的論證上可獲儒家思想以外的參考資料，故為墨家法思想所做的整理與歸納是希望可達到本文第一目標。 本論文之第二目標即在於比較墨家與聖多瑪斯自然法並歸納出兩者相同之處，蓋在時間相隔長達一千七百年(墨子約是450 B.C.時代的人，而 聖多瑪斯則為1250 A.D.左右的人)，空間距離超過數萬公里之遙，兩者不可能有任何的影響，若能在此絕對隔絕的環境下產生相同之思想，那這些思想的結晶或許真有其普世性的價值存在，此為本文第二目標。

過去關於臺灣家庭計劃發展的觀點主要有兩種，一種是視家庭計畫為一成功的「臺灣經驗」，一種則從女性史的角度，強調家庭計畫是政府對於女性身體的控制與壓迫。本文則試著從第三種觀點出發，回到歷史原本的脈絡中，引領讀者從臺灣家庭計畫最初的前十年開始看起，首先使讀者了解到臺灣實施家庭計畫的緣由及其背景，而後在這樣的背景之下，第一個推動家庭計畫的機構：中國家庭計畫協會成立了，在本文中將呈現家庭計畫協會的創辦人──舒子寬女士及其他工作者，他們是在怎樣的動機之下加入家庭計畫的推展並成為開拓者，他們在此特殊的時空背景之下，如何獲得各方的資助而得以順利推動，而他們推動的方法又為何？藉由這些面向的探討，以呈現臺灣家庭計畫發展中的女性經驗。 本文相對於過去研究的突破如下：在資料的運用上，本文的寫作運用了過去研究者所未曾使用的農復會檔案，並和家庭計畫的工作者舒子寬女士進行口述訪談，以補充過去研究所未探討到的問題；在新的發現上，本文試圖呈現家庭計畫中的女性經驗，並試圖提出一新的主張：臺灣家庭計畫最初的推動者，基於自身的女性經驗，以試圖改善母性健康為出發點而推動家庭計畫。