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In the last 30 years there has been a big change in the acreage of permanent grasslands. Since 1990, the acreage of permanent grasslands has increased by 20% to 1003 thousand ha. Currently, there has been a decrease in the amount of cattle and sheep. Despite this fact, it is necessary to ensure high quality fodder from grasslands in order to assure profitability of farming. Therefore, farmers often opt for restoration. The most efficient way is radical ploughing restoration. This method involves numerous risks for environment. The present thesis examined the influence of radical restoration of grasslands by ploughing on the change in the content of organic carbon, total nitrogen and the C:N ratio in the soil. Field experiments were conducted in two locations on the land of National Stud at Kladruby nad Labem, and also in two locations in Oldřichovice near Třinec. In Kladruby, the samples were obtained from both, restored and indigenous grasslands, whereas in Oldřichovice, the samples were obtained only from restored grasslands. The biggest loss of organic carbon (Cox) and total nitrogen (Nt) was noted in Kladruby n.L. in the sandy soil of the original vegetation since the spring of 2016 to the autumn of 2017. In the soil layer of 0-30 cm there was a decrease of the Cox stock in the soil by 58.2 t·ha-1, the stock of Nt in the soil did not change. At the same location and during the same period, the Cox stock of 35,3 t·ha-1 and the Nt stock of 0,1 t·ha-1 fell on the restored vegetation in the soil layer of 0-30 cm. In the clay loam soil in Kladruby n.L. since the spring of 2017 to autumn 2017 there was a decrease of 27,6 t·ha-1 Cox and 1,4 t·ha-1 Nt in soil layer 0-30 cm on the restored vegetation. In the original vegetation, the Cox content decreased by 16.3 t · ha-1 and Nt by 0.4 t·ha-1. In the Oldřichovice over the house area, since the autumn of 2016 to the spring of 2018, the Cox stock fell after plowing in the soil layer 0-30 cm by 7 t·ha-1 and the Nt supply increased by 0.9 t·ha-1. In the Oldřichovice area under the hill, the Cox stock decreased by 39.2 t·ha-1 in the same period and in the same soil layer and the Nt stock decreased by 1.5 t·ha-1. From the point of view of the depth of soil, the largest amounts of organic carbon and total nitrogen in the upper layer of soil were recorded 0-10 cm. The C:N ratio in the restored and natural grasslands was not statistically different. At the same time, after the recovery in this layer of soil, the biggest loss of Cox and Nt occurred.

5 Abstrakt Soil organic matter is the largest reservoir of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems, and its functionally important component is dissolved organic matter. Its composition and changes in this composition during the vegetation season affect the vegetation, the activity of the organisms in the soil and the formation of soil organic matter. Local bio-hotspots such as anthills create spatial heterogeneity of the soil solution composition. In my work I analyzed cold water (CWE) and hot water (HWE) soil extracts, which I took in different distances from the anthill, in three soil horizons (O, A, B) three times during one vegetation season. I measured contents of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), C: N ratio and the parameter SUVA254 and SUVA280. The labile C and N content varied with the distance from the anthill. The C and N content with the distance from the anthill at O horizon increases, decreases in A and B. C: N ratio was the highest in the A horizon, but during the season the differences were not so significant. The smallest content of C and N was in April, the highest in July. The SUVA parameter in O and B decreases with distance from anthill, in A on the other hand it has risen. Ants have an effect not only on the quantity but also on the quality of the DOM, at the same time creating heterogeneity of DOM...

This thesis deals with load of carbon dioxide on large and small farm, which is subsequently converted by digestibility coefficients of nutrients to the equivalent carbon dioxide. The objects of the calculation are two given farms, located in the Zlín Region. Small farm entertain with 15 pieces of pig sows in a closed herd turnover and large farm breeding cattle herds with a turnover of 100 dairy cows. From the sales of the pig herds on a small farm, I found a total feed consumption, which is 133.5 tons per year, which I calculated the carbon content received from the compound feed, which is 50.35 tons and 3.08 tons of nitrogen per calendar year. Pigs in the feces excrete 8.12 tons of carbon and 0.52 tons of nitrogen. Pigs consume 0.36 tons of carbon and 0.44 tons of nitrogen per ton of edible particles in the meat. To produce 1 kg of meat consumes 0.246 kg of carbon. On a dairy farm income in total 1,645.29 tons of compound feed per year in which they adopt 609.61 tons of carbon and 31.23 tons of nitrogen. In feces they excrete 156.84 tons of carbon and 8.05 tons of nitrogen. In the milk is eliminated 42.78 tons 2.51 tons of carbon and nitrogen. The herd turnover of 31 bulls with the increments 1.4 kg / day 210.53 tons annually consume feed mixtures from which bulls take 71.70 tons, and 3.21 tons of carbon. In feces they excrete 18.09 tons and 1.10 tons of carbon and nitrogen in the meat, at the slaughterhouse is excluded 4.49 tons 0.35 tons of carbon and nitrogen. At the turn of the herd of bulls with the increments of 33.7 1.7 kg / day annually consumes 265.49 tons of feed mixtures from which the bulls take 71.70 tons and 3.21 tons of carbon nitrogen. In feces they excrete 21.35 tons and 1.35 tons of carbon and nitrogen in the meat, at the slaughterhouse is excluded 4.88 tons 0.38 tons of carbon and nitrogen. To produce 1 kg of meat bulls consume 0.248 kg of carbon. In conclusion are recommendations to reduce emissions at the farm which is needed.

In the present thesis entitled "Utilization of carbon materials for the study of metal ions, quantum dots and lactoferrin binding metal", different forms of carbon for a specific application were used. Nanoforms of carbon, such as carbon nanotubes, reduced graphene oxide and expanded carbon were used for the isolation of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. These materials are characterized by high surface area and ability to bind the heavy metal ions on its surface by either physical or chemical adsorption. The influence of the interaction time and the efficiency of adsorption and concentration capacity were studied for various sorbents. This work has been also focused on the electrochemical detection of quantum dots for labelling the influenza virus, and also to detection the presence of a metal-binding protein lactoferrin. Electrochemical detection of quantum dots and lactoferrin was performed using a glassy carbon electrode. Detection of silver ions on different carbon paste electrodes was another aim of this work and the obtained results were used to study the antimicrobial effect of encapsulated silver ions to the bacterial culture Staphylococcus aureus.

The aim of this thesis was to determine and compare the carbon stocks in selected locations. Three localities were selected in Vyškov region. In each locality four types of soil according to their use were examined - forest, arable land, grass land and urban soil. From each type of soil four samples were taken which were located 10 meters from each other. Samples were taken by soil auger from 0 to 40 cm depth in November 2015. All samples were dried, ground and sieved. Consequently humus content was determined in samples by the Tyurin method. From these results content and stocks of organic carbon were calculated in each locality and each type of land use and all results were compared with each other. Contribution of this thesis was to confirm or disprove hypothesis and to provide helpful information on Vyškov region. Hypothesis: The stock of carbon in forest soil is higher than in arable land. The stock of carbon in arable land is higher than in urban soils. The highest content of SOC was in forest soils and the highest stock of organic carbon was in arable land. Results show that the stock of carbon in soil is affected by land use and also by the way of management.

This thesis assesses the possible photochemical transformations of nitrogen fixed in organic compounds. The aim of this study was to monitor the kinetics and seasonal trends in photochemical degradation of dissolved organic matter and nitrogen in the first order stream.