This thesis provides an overview of mercury distribution in the forest soils located in vicinity of historical and current mercury emission sources. The sites were chosen around Bohemian Karst due to presence of emission source, i.e. iron production processes, cement plants, lime processing plants. The chosen sites were near municipalities of Králův Dvůr, Radotín and Hrádek u Rokycan. From these sites the soils samples were collected from organic and mineral horizons. Average mercury concentration in organic horizons was 288 µg.kg-1, organo-mineral horizons A contained 241 µg.kg-1, anthropogenic horizons M 287 µg.kg-1 and horizons B 56 µg.kg-1 only. The relations among mercury and soil components were tested. Strong link between mercury, soil organic matter (SOM) and sulfur was found. The result indicated that the origin of mercury in soil samples was atmospheric deposition rather than bedrock. High concentrations of oxalate extractable aluminum, iron and manganese in mineral horizons have been explained as the cause of bedrock weathering. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

This thesis deals with black carbon, its characteristic features and with its occurrence in chernozemic soils. In particular, this thesis deals with methods, which can study presence of black carbon in soils. The presence of black carbon and the whole composition of soil organic matter of three chernozemic soils in Czechia (Zeměchy, Tursko, Syrovice) is examined by 13 C NMR spectroscopy. Anthracological analysis of charcoal from fossil chernozems of Zemechy loess ravine deals with pedogenesis of chernozems and development of Quaternary vegetation in Central Europe. Coniferous tree species of Pinus sp., Pinus cf. cembra, Larix/Picea, Juniperus a Vaccicium, i.e. cold- and drought-tolerant taxa, were identified by anthracological analysis of soils of Zemechy loess ravine. The identified species suggest that the landscape around Zemechy was probably formed by parkland taiga. According to 13 C NMR spectroscopy, soil organic matter of fossil chernozem of Zemechy loess ravine consists particularly of alkyl and O-alkyl carbon. Aromatic carbon is also significant. O-alkyl carbon is the most important in the recent chernozems of Tursko and Syrovice. Aromatic carbon has the smallest proportion in both chernozems. The presence of aromatic carbon in chernozem of Tursko is the smallest of all analyzed soils. The...

Extraction of mineral resources causes landscape degradation and the aim of reclamation efforts is to restore ecosystems. Our research was carried out on spoil heaps after brown coal mining near Sokolov (Czech Republic). We compared twenty years old spontaneously developed sites and reclaimed sites afforested by alders Alnus glutinosa and A. incana. Biomass and nutrient budget were evaluated for herbs and woody plants, separately for species Salix caprea, Populus tremula and Alnus glutionosa. Alder showed significantly higher concentrations of nitrogen and carbon compared to other tree species. The total amount of biomass, carbon and nitrogen was higher on reclaimed sites whereas phosphorus was more represented on spontaneously developed sites. Most of nitrogen was accumulated in the below-ground tree biomass and the largest amount of phosphorus was in the above-ground tree biomass. Woody plants of non-reclaimed sites produced more litter whilst litter of alder stands showed a higher concentration of nitrogen. Higher values of biomass, carbon and nitrogen of reclaimed sites were probably achieved through alder ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen.

This biological study is focused on the possibility of using stable isotope analyses to determine the geographic origin of plants and mainly animals especially tortoises. In the experiment nineteen tortoises were divided into two groups which were fed by isotopically different food and water for one year. The samples of keratin from their shells were collected before and after the experiment. Then the samples were analysed for the ratio of particular isotopes using isotope ratio mass spectrometry.

The aim of the thesis is to make an evaluation of the impact of agro-technical factors (tillage, crop rotation), in the total amount of oxidizable carbon Cox (%) on a long-term grown spring barley. Measurements were carried out in 2014 and 2015, excluding these years from long series of observations. It is a stationary experiment in sugar beet growing region which runs continuously since 1989. The experiment has been established by Mendel University in Brno - Ivanovice in Hana on the cultivated land owned by Crop Research Institute, v. v. i. In Prague - Ruzyně. The observations were made in two rotations with 33.3% and 66.6% share of cereals. There were compared four variants of the tillage and samples were taken from three depths. The Cox monitored impacts were statistically demonstrated in all the variables (crop rotation, tillage and sampling depth). There was also found higher concentration of Cox in the crop rotation with 66.6% cereals representation. While tillage monitoring, the highest amount of Cox was seen by use of tillage equipment in the extent of 0,10 metres. On the other hand, the lowest amount of Cox was found by direct seeding into a soil. Also, it was found that the amount of Cox decreases with depth of sampling in both monitored years.

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To this day are terminological inaccuracies in subject publications, which direct us to wrong deductions. Therefore I devote oneself to literature search about soil organic matter, in my theses. Separately is split primary organic matter, levels of it´s lability and stable humus. I clarify the term stability and the difference in humus and primary soil organic matter. In this theses were effected analyses acid cambi soil in region Czech Budejovice and acid cambi soil in range of Bohemian Forest ? Kubova Huť. Was quantificated content HK, FK, Cox, humification degree SH, mineralized carbon Cminer, speed constant of biochemical oxidation C, fraction of labile organic substance Ccws, Chws, a CPM. I had compared this data with data, which we keep at one´s disposal from analyses effected twelve years ago. By comparing the real quality of humus in samples A (Kubova Huť) and B (České Budějovice) it stands to reason, that the B sample is superior in quality than sample A. Practice and media very often consider as ?humus? total content of Cox. If this thought should be the true, I would have to consider sample A (with content 9,3% Cox) as a soil with high level of humus and I would expect record returns in it. This conclusion would be real absurd. We can not talk about humus according to Cox content only. It is also necessary to take the primary claims (that the content Chws is an indicator of soil fertility) of some big men in field of pedology (for example Haynes) with a grain of salt. This applies only if soil micro ? edaphon is not decimated somehow. I came to the conclusions, that the final result of the analyses, effected by my thesis supervisor (Kolář) twelve years ago, on practically identical soil samples, are almost exactly the same with my results.

The topic of this dissertation is the assessment of the black carbon in the soil. The soil samples were collected in the Brdy area. Relics of charcoal kilns from the 17th - 18th centuries occur there in some places. A part and parcel of this paper is the literature search of the black carbon in the soil, of the history of burning charcoal and of the general characterization of the site where the terrain measurements were in progress. The measuring specification is a part of this paper, too. The results showed changes of physical and chemical characteristics between original forest soils and soils enriched by the black carbon. These soils in the beech forest showed approximately pH 4,7, while soils in the spruce forest showed pH 3,7 on the average. Original soils in the beech forest were more acid by 1 pH unit, and the original soils in the spruce forest were by 0,3 pH more acid. The bulk density of the original soils was 1,28 g/cm3 on the average, and the soils enriched by black carbon decreased to 0,68 g/cm3 on the average. Key words: coal kiln, Brdy, Black carbon, Elementary soil area

Tato práce je zaměřena na zlepšení tepelného managementu mikroelektroniky implementací materiálů na bázi uhlíku, přesněji grafitových fólií, do tepelné architektury mikroelektroniky. Práce začíná vysvětlením současných metod chlazení a výzev v oblasti mikroelektroniky. Poté přechází k běžně používaným materiálům - hliníku a mědi a přidává do výběru i uhlíkové alotropie. Ve druhé části tato práce obsahuje několik příkladů použití pyrolytické grafitové fólie v tepelném managementu mikroelektroniky, prokazuje jeho použitelnost a analyzuje přínosy pro šíření tepla, tepelnou vodivost při dodržení elektrické izolace a možné využití ve flexibilní elektronice.

This work deals with the issues of using conducting polymers for supercapacitor electrodes and optimizing the technological process for their production. The work focuses on optimizing the amount of polymer used in order to achieve the most capacity. The methodology consists of creating an appropriate experimental electrode and subsequent measuring its associated capacity with BioLogic. This approach leads to creating charts which show the dependencies of capacity on the amount of polymer used.