This work is focused on optimalisation of coposite materials for civil engineering. In the theoretical part of the project is introduction of the composite materials and materials which are used for their production. There are also concerned their properties and possible application areas. In conclusion of theoretical part this project is a summary of the possible use of composite materials. The practical part compares the characteristics of the different types of composites made in terms of conductivity and the rate of corrosion.

Content of a document result measurements and analysis carbon´s diffusion at welding joint created from hight alloyed austenitic steel CSN 417242 and not alloyed steel CSN 412 050. Samples have been put throught isothermal anneal in a temperature range 500 °C up to 1100°C. Aim one´s effort to metalographyic quantification carburized and uncarburized zone. The next part of the document content measuring x-ray energy through microanalysis, where has been record course of a carbon disintegration and selected replacements elements at whole length of the welding joint . At the end of experimental part has been gauged course microhardness HV 0,05 at whole lenght of welding joint, from an acquired data has been chose the most optimal temperature of isothermal anneal, to produce the smallest structural notch.

This master´s thesis deals with theoretical study of decarburization of austenitic steels. Mathematical model, which analyse numerical calculations, was compared with experiments. Obtained results were discussed considering validity of model and performed aproximations.

Diploma thesis deals with the influence of low energy ions on graphene structures. Graphene structures were modified by nitrogen and argon ions of energies lower than 100 eV. Modified structures were analysed by Raman spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The influence of the dose of ions on quality of graphene were investigated as well. In addition, this diploma thesis includes the literature search which focuses on modification of graphene by charged particles.

CARBON AND NITROGEN POOLS AND FLUXES OF TWO FOREST ECOSYSTEMS IN THE ORE MOUNTAINS With increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, forest ecosystems are considered for their sequestration ability. However, there are differences between coniferous and deciduous tree species in their impact on the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fluxes within forest ecosystems, which influence soil carbon and nitrogen pools. In natural beech and monoculture spruce stands on research sites of Czech Geological Survey in the Ore Mountains, C and N fluxes and pools were investigated. There were investigated ecosystem inputs (C, N, in throughfall, litterfall) as well as outputs (soil respiration, concentrations of C, N in seepage water discharge). Further, C and N pools of living biomass and soils were determined. Throughfall DOC was significantly higher in the spruce stand, on the other hand litterfall C flux showed the opposite relationship. At output, DOC, DON and NH4 + discharge fluxes from O horizon were significantly higher in the spruce stand whereas in the beech stand higher NO3 - flux from mineral soil was recorded. Soil respiration was quite similar in the both stands, however different parts of original sources of respiration among tree species were different. Beech stand has larger pools of carbon and nitrogen in...

In this diploma thesis was evaluated the influence of various factors (year, sampling depth, organic matter) on the total content of oxidizable carbon Cox in % in long-term cultivation of winter wheat and spring barley (monoculture of cereals). Measurements were made in the years 2016, 2017 and 2018, and are part of long-term research. It is a stationary experiment in the beet production area. The experiment started on the land of the Research Institute of Crop Production in the year 1965, at the location of Ivanovice na Hané. Experiments were made with four different types of organic matter (straw harvesting, intercropping, incorporating straw and farmyard manure). A statistically significant difference was found for the type of organic matter, for sampling depths and year. The highest average value for the three reference years was found for the variant "Intercrop land". The average values of Cox (%) were almost identical for sampling depths of 0.0 - 0.1 m and 0.1 - 0.2 m, but at a depth of 0.2 - 0.3 m values of Cox were significantly lower.

The diploma thesis dedicates the presence of toxic metals in the river sediments of the Moravian Karst. Thesis assesses potential sources of toxic metals and deals with the issues of legislative measures relating to the presence of toxic metals in sediments. In the practical part diploma thesis determines the amount of toxic metals in 20 selected localities together with other geochemical parameters. pH, redox potential and conductivity were monitored in water. The amount of total organic carbon (TOC) and amount of toxic metals is determined in the river sediment. The concentration of toxic metals in sediments was determined by non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF method) on the device Niton XL3t GOLDD +. Finally, the measured results of toxic metals are evaluated and compared with valid legislative regulations.

The diploma thesis in the theoretical part focuses on legislation of elektrowaste production, technology printing, total production laser printers and composition toner powder. In practical part is carried out on the composition of cartridges, the dry matter content, organic carbon, total gross and elementary toner powders of different manufacturers of printers. As a result of the work by evalution basic descriptive statistics that are shown in the diagrams. In conclusion, the results are assessed for possible example of toner powder.

In this study a new optical method for highly time and size resolved atmospheric elemental carbon has been described. For this purpose has been used image analysis of 3 DRUM strips with three size fractions deposited (2,5-1,15 µm; 1,15-0,34 µm; 0,34-0,1 µm). Strips were scanned by Fotoscanner HP ScanJet 8200 with optical resolution of 600 dpi. For the analysis of images Matlab program was used, in which the images are transformed to a matrix of grayscale values. The output of this program are time series of grayscale values for each transformed image. Because the time series consist of data in 5 minute intervals, for comparing with hourly PM2,5 EC data obtained from the Sunset EC/OC analyzer, it was necessary to have hourly time series. The precise method of this new approach to determine concentration of atmospheric BC is described in this thesis. In addition, it contains description of the procedures connected with calibrations and controls of sectional outputs. Using linear regression, the daily averages for black carbon are compared with daily EC data. Similarly, hour averages are compared by linear regression also. The analysis performed proved very good relation between daily EC and daily BC described by formula (EC ~ 1.0399 + 0,0117*BC). In respect to hourly averages, a very different...

Diploma thesis is focused on changes of organic carbon (OC) in surface waters in headwater areas. Thesis is in its theoretical part focused on the literature study of currently published research results of the issue. The important part is finding the possible causes of OC variability, especially landcover and soil environment. The practical part is devoted to research in experimental basins of KFGG, namely in the upper Vydra, Blanice and Rolava. The aim of this work is to clarify the relationships between organic matter concentrations and discharge rates regarding to hydrological extremes. Furthermore, the influence of river basin size and various landcover and variability of concentrations and relationship with other indicators of biogeochemism is studied. The relationship between OC and discharge rate is positive and in most river basins strong or very strong. The weakest relationship was monitored on the profiles with the highest proportion of peatlands in the river basin. In these catchments, the highest average concentrations of OC were determined in autumn, in catchments with the lower proportion of peatlands it is in summer. Analysis of rainfall-runoff events confirmed the positive relationship of OC and discharge. The lag time of the maximum OC concentration beyond the maximum discharge...