Abstract For a long time in our society there has been a minority group, e.g. individual recycle material collectors, curio collectors, and recycle businessmen, living on collection and trading of recycle material. Particularly in recent years with the promotion champagne of environmental protection policy, there is an increasing trend in the number of people involved in this business. The society reacts both positively and negatively about such recycling business. The positive view comes from the environmental protection institution¡¦s affirmation about the reuse of recycled material, whereas the negative view is concerned about the messy environment created by the recycling method and process. It is an undisputable fact that their existence in residential and commercial area is violating the regulations of urban development plan. This paper discovers there are differences in opinion between the EPA authority and the Urban Development authority in the applicable regulations about owners of recycle business moving into industrial estate while investigating it¡¦s legality from the position of public sector. The methods of managing existing recycle business among the different local governments are also quite different. For instance, while the central EPA authority frequently prepares budgets in an effort to improve the image of the recycle business, the local urban development bureaus prescribe them for the reason of violating the regulations of urban development plan, such as piling up of wastes, etc. On the other hand, looking at the value of its existence from the economic benefit angle shows that the recycled waste cleared by the recycling business is 2.5 times more efficient than that of the public sector. Such economic benefit is clearly visible. Though this study covers only the Kaohsiung metropolitan area, the problem of these under sized waste recyclers is no doubt a nationwide issue. It is hoped that the investigation and analysis of this paper in the problems arise from the recycling business could benefit the business owners in economy of scale and profit analysis as well as the public sectors as a reference in the design of related laws and regulations.

After the ending of the Cold War and the break down of the Soviet Union, the old polarized system collapsed and the new international structure of world powers hasn't formed yet in a short time. Researchers of international relations have diversely defined the new framework of world power as ¡§uni-polar¡¨¡B ¡§ multi-polar¡¨ or ¡§multi-powers under uni- polar¡¨. From the perspectives of China, the definition of ¡§ multi-powers under uni- polar¡¨ can most properly describe the new international system and is completely in accordance with the international strategy of China. In the assumption, uni-polar means US and multi-powers means other important powers, including major regional actors or groups like China､Russia､Japan､EU and some newly developing powers like India､Brazil and South Africa. In response to the huge change of international system and in order to develop much more power of influence on international affairs,China introduced the concept of ¡§New Security perspective¡¨ to try to develop common interests with major powers and neighboring states through cooperation and dialogues. Then in 2003, China publicly proposed the concept of ¡§Peaceful Rise¡¨ and soon has been regarded as competitive opponent by U.S.A and countries around China. The way China rose aroused the attention of the international society and ¡§China Threat Theory¡¨ has become more and more well-known. The purpose of this research is to explore the theoretical basis､strategic value and purposes of the theory about China's peaceful rise, and extensively to analyze how China develops new international strategies and comprehensive national power. Additionally, I try to develop findings about the theme and hope that will helpful for our government to scheme corresponding policies to ensure our national security.

The performance of outlets under constant head is investigated in this study. Behavior of single outlet is analyzed / subsequently effect of multiple outlets on a single outlet is examined. Parameters taken into account are constant head of water, orifice shape, orifice length, number of open outlets and discharge. The outlet type, which is examined, can be classified as a short tube orifice. Two different orifice diameters and tube lengths are used. Outlets had the diameter, 6.00 and 10.35mm. The ratio of orifice length to diameter (l/d) was 5 and 8. Number of outlets is 5, which are opened in several combinations. A dimensional analysis shows that discharge coefficient, Cd is a function of diameter-length ratio and the Reynolds Number. In this study, high Reynolds Number (2300&lt / Re&lt / 18600) range is examined and the results are compared with the available data in the literature. Furthermore, performance of the group outlets is investigated.

In dieser Arbeit wurde die durch Bestrahlung mit schnellen Neutronen bedingte Materialalterung von Reaktordruckbehälterstählen untersucht. Das Probenmaterial umfasste unbestrahlte, bestrahlte und ausgeheilte RDB-Stähle russischer und westlicher Reaktoren sowie Eisenbasis-Modelllegierungen. Mittels Neutronen-Kleinwinkelstreuung ließen sich bestrahlungsinduzierte Leerstellen/Fremdatom-Cluster unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung mit mittlerem Radius um 1.0 nm nachweisen. Ihr Volumenanteil steigt mit der Strahlenbelastung monoton, aber im allgemeinen nicht linear an. Der Einfluss der Elemente Cu, Ni und P auf den Prozess der Clusterbildung konnte herausgearbeitet werden. Eine Wärmebehandlung oberhalb der Bestrahlungstemperatur reduziert den Anteil der Strahlendefekte bis hin zu deren vollständiger Auflösung. Die Änderungen der mechanischen Eigenschaften der Werkstoffe lassen sich eindeutig auf die beobachteten Gefügemodifikationen zurückführen. Die abgeleiteten Korrelationen können als Hilfsmittel zur Vorhersage des Materialverhaltens bei fortgeschrittener Betriebsdauer von Leistungsreaktoren mit herangezogen werden.

<p>Assessments of chemical health risks are performed by scientific experts. Their intended use is as bases for decisions. This thesis tries to answer the questions of how uncertainty is, and should be, communicated in such risk assessments. The thesis consists of two articles and an introductory essay.</p><p>Article I focuses on the linguistic aspect of the communication of uncertainty in risk assessments. The aim of the article is to elucidate how risk assessors actually indicate uncertainty in risk assessment reports. Because of the prevalent uncertainty in risk assessment, deriving from several sources, uncertainty is communicated in verbal, rather than numerical terms. A typology of uncertainty indicators – phrases used to express uncertainty – is proposed and applied to the reviewed reports. It is found that the use of such phrases is not transparent, and the article concludes by a number of recommendations for improving the practice.</p><p>Article II mainly deals with the content of the communication. The overall question treated is what a characterization of uncertainty should include if a decision made on the basis of the risk assessment information is to be as well-founded as possible. A set of conditions is put forward to be fulfilled by a characterization of uncertainty if it is to be adequate from a decision-making point of view.</p><p>The greater part of the introductory essay is devoted to the concept of uncertainty which, at the conceptual level, does not appear to have been much discussed by philosophers</p>

<p>In this work the influence of Under Sleeper Pads on the dynamic forces on a railway track is investigated. A special interest is devoted to the effect of using Under Sleeper Pads in a railway track with changing vertical stiffness. The contact force between wheel and rail and the ballast contact forces are examined. For the investigation a finite element model with the length of thirty sleepers is created and calculations are performed with the software LS-DYNA. Three different cases of varying vertical track stiffness are studied: the transition from an embankment to a bridge, a randomly varying track stiffness along the railway track and hanging sleepers.</p>

<p>Abstract</p><p>This paper investigates how to individualize the tuition in English by using ability groupings. The study is primarily focusing on the group of under-achieving ability pupils since teachers have a special responsibility for those pupils who experience difficulties in attaining the goals that have been set for their education, according to the Curriculum for compulsory school Lpo 94. The main research question was if the groupings were positive or negative for the under-achieving pupils at school X, i.e. the compulsory school under investigation. In addition I also wanted to find out if the ability groupings at school X responded to the steering documents, i.e. the Curriculum in compulsory school and the Education Act. The study is based on primary data in the forms of interviews, with four English teachers, and questionnaires, answered by the under-achieving ability pupils.</p><p>Conclusions were drawn that the ability groupings seemed to be mostly negative concerning the under-achieving pupils. The groupings at school X are not supported in any steering documents either since the groupings are not temporary, they do to some extent put the pupils at a certain grade level and on a certain track which violates the Education Act. One of the conclusions in this paper is also that there should be clearer guidelines on how to approach this phenomenon.</p>

In nuclear power plants, a pipe break in the cooling line releases a jet that damages other equipment in containment, and is known as a loss of coolant accident (LOCA). This report specifically focuses on boiling water reactor (BWR) applications as a guide for future studies with pressurized water reactors (PWRs). This report presents a methodology for characterizing the jet such that, given a set of upstream conditions, the pressure field and damage potential of the jet can be predicted by an end user with a minimum of computation. The resultant model has many advantages over previous models in that it is easily calculated with knowledge readily available to plant operators and it provides new metrics that allow for a quick and intuitive understanding of the damage potential of the jet. / text

A partnership between oilfield operators and the federal government in the coupled CO₂ enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and storage projects brings long-term benefits for both. We quantify the win-win condition for this partnership in terms of an optimum storage tax credit. We describe the field-scale design optimization of coupled CO₂-EOR and storage operations from the viewpoint of oilfield operators. We introduce a CO₂ market model and investigate two special CO₂ market problems, namely a fixed storage requirement and an integrated asset optimization. The first problem follows an environmental objective by giving priority to the storage element of CO₂-EOR and storage; the second prioritizes the oil recovery and relies on the principles of a free market where CO₂ is a commodity and the commitment to storage is made based on the economic benefits. We investigate the CO₂ market sustainability conditions and quantitatively derive them for the fixed storage requirement and integrated asset optimization problems. Ultimately, we quantify the impact of storage tax credit on the operator benefits, the federal government benefits, and the optimum economic storage capacity of an oilfield. CO₂ EOR-storage projects are long-term and capital-intensive and therefore vulnerable to the risks of the CO₂ market. Two important uncertain economic parameters are investigated, the oil price and the storage tax credit. The government plays an important role in reducing the CO₂ market risks because it has the leverage to regulate the storage tax credit. The stochastic optimization results show that a transparent storage tax credit reinforces the sustainability of the CO₂ market and helps both the government and the oilfield operators boost their long-term benefits. / text

The miniaturization of chemical and biological sensors has received considerable attention in recent years for medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, pharmaceutical screening, military applications, etc. One interesting area of development in microfluidic system is detecting dielectric properties of MUT (Material Under Test) using IDC (Interdigital Capacitor) electrodes. The IDC chemical sensor has been investigated by many researchers because they are cheap to manufacture and can be easily integrated with other sensing components and signal processing electronics. This dissertation presents the design, fabrication, and testing of an IDC (interdigital capacitor) electrode sensor for a fluid property monitoring component that can be integrated into a microfluidic system. One practical point of this research is the analytical evaluation of the interdigital electrode capacitance for the detection of conductivity and permittivity of the aqueous solutions, which is not apparently analyzed in other chemical sensor applications. In addition, a new noble methodology of remotely accessing the IDC sensor by wireless inductive coupling similar to EAS (Electronic Article Surveillance) tags is presented. / text