Thesis (LL. M.)--University of Canterbury, 2008. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 149-170). Also available via the World Wide Web.

The doctrine of undue influence has undergone reconsideration by the House of Lords in Royal Bank of Scotland v Etridge (No 2) [2004] 4 All ER 449. The case was an attempt by the House of Lords to clarify the law and dispel some of the misconceptions that have developed in the law over the last 200 years. This thesis will examine the law of undue influence. It will examine the theoretical basis of undue influence, the general misconceptions in the law, the impact of the Etridge case, and related doctrines of duress and unconscionability. Given the developments in the law due to Etridge, issues regarding simplification of the law will be examined. The three doctrines share much in common, and issues of fusion of one or all of the existing doctrines will be considered, and whether this would lead to a better understanding of the law in this area.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2004. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 275-285).

Transparency International published its annual corruption perceptions index in 2022, where Sweden obtained the highest measured level of perceived corruption in eleven years. At about the same time, an investigation into corruption and undue influence was discarded by the newly appointed government. The purpose of this thesis is to examine two current political debates about corruption through Norman Faircloughs model for critical discourse analysis. In more detail, the objectives are to study which discourses that can be distinguished, the characteristics of the discursive struggle and which discourse that dominates the Swedish corruption debate. In this thesis, political debates are considered as usable contexts to illustrate both contradiction and consensus regarding the corruption in Sweden. By using critical discourse analysis as an approach, the ambition is to visualize how politicians construct the image of the increased corruption and to examine how certain statements are presented as more evident or true than others. This study shows that there are four discourses that can be distinguished in the two political debates on corruption: privatization, increasing crime rate, accountability and openness and trust. The observed discursive struggle generally has high interdiscursivity, a few cases of intertextuality, and seems to be open to changes. The discourse that dominates the order of discourse is "the increasing crime rate". The results indicate that current societal problems, that are mainly highlighted by the ruling politicians, appear to have an impact on the political discussion about corruption in Sweden.

In order to ensure the generalizability of clinical research studies, researchers and study sponsors are tasked with making efforts to ensure that research participants are racially and ethnically representative of the population at large. However, minorities and women continue to be underrepresented in medical research studies. To encourage participation in medical research studies, researchers are often inclined to offer compensation for study participation. However, it is vital that researchers consider the ethical implications of monetizing participation in medical research studies. The first aim of this paper is to discuss the ethical ramifications of providing compensation for research participation. Additionally, this paper will critically analyze the various ways of handling financial compensation for participation in medical research studies involving experimental drugs, devices or surgical techniques. Information for this paper was gathered by conducting a literature review and by analyzing 121 semi-structured interviews. Using an ethical framework, and supported by qualitative data from the interviews, this paper will discuss the ethical concerns that researchers must consider when offering monetary compensation in exchange for participation in medical research. Overall, the paper aims to show that in order for clinical research to be conducted ethically, we must grant potential participants the autonomy to use their own decision making framework when deciding whether or not to participate in a medical research study. While a potential participant’s decision to join a research study in exchange for financial compensation may raise concerns to some people, autonomy requires that the research institution respect each individual’s own motivations and decisions. / Urban Bioethics

This paper explains how the notion of economic duress is understood in different legal regimes of Civil Law and Common Law. This way, the author first addresses the concept of economic duress from a restrictive sense (as a defect of consent) and, later, develops the concept from a wider perspective (taking into account an objective economic imbalance). / El presente artículo explica cómo se entiende la noción de violencia económica en diversos ordenamientos jurídicos tanto del Civil Law como del Common Law. Así, el autor aborda primero el concepto de violencia económica en un sentido restringido (como vicio del consentimiento), y posteriormente lo desarrolla desde una perspectiva más amplia (tomando en cuenta un desequilibrio económico objetivo).

Syftet med studien var att undersöka socialsekreterares upplevelser av otillåten påverkan, inklusive hot, trakasserier och skuldbeläggning. Fokus låg på att identifiera de emotionella och praktiska strategierna som socialsekreterare använder för att hantera sådana incidenter, samt de åtgärder som upplevs finnas inom myndigheten för att bemöta dem. Studien använde en kvalitativ metodologisk ansats och tio socialsekreterare från olika kommuner i Sverige deltog i individuella intervjuer. Empirin analyserades utifrån tematisk analysmetod och resultatet visade att otillåten påverkan som fenomen var vanligt förekommande på arbetsplatsen. De vanligaste erfarenheterna av otillåten påverkan inkluderade hot om självmord, hot om fysiskt våld och skuldbeläggning. Skuldbeläggningen uttrycktes ofta genom att klienter höll socialsekreterarna ansvariga för deras situation och för att förstöra deras liv. Intervjupersonerna beskrev sina upplevelser av dessa händelser som obehagliga, skrämmande och präglade av maktlöshet. För att hantera dessa incidenter använde socialsekreterarna flera strategier, inklusive emotionell distansering, kollegial ventilation och rolldistansering mellan deras professionella och personliga identitet. Trots att syftet med studien inte var att jämföra kommuner emellan, noterades en betydande skillnad i upplevelserna av vilka resurser och åtgärder som myndigheterna hade i olika kommuner. Vissa socialsekreterare hade tillgång till rutiner, utbildning och riktlinjer för att hantera händelser av otillåten påverkan, medan andra inte hade samma möjligheter. Detta lyfts fram och diskuteras eftersom vi observerade att denna aspekt hade en betydande inverkan på socialsekreterarnas arbetsmiljö och välbefinnande. Resultatet analyserades med hjälp av de teoretiska perspektiven coping, empatitrötthet, byråkratisk organisation och handlingsutrymme. / The purpose of the study was to explore social worker’s experiences of undue influence including threats, harassment and blame. The focus was on identifying the emotional and practical strategies social workers use to handle such incidents, as well as the measures perceived to be in place within the organization to address them. The study employed a qualitative methodological approach, with ten social workers from various Swedish municipalities participated in individual interviews. The empirical data where analyzed using thematic analysis and the results indicated that undue influence was common. The most common experiences of undue influence included threats of suicided, threats of physical violence and blame. Blame was often expressed through clients holding social workers responsible for their situation and the destruction of their lives. Participant described their experiences of this as uncomfortable, frightening and characterized by a sense of powerlessness. To cope with these incidents, social workers used several strategies including emotional distancing, collegial ventilation and a separation between their professional and personal identity. Even though the purpose of the study wasn’t to compare municipalities, a significant difference was noted in the resources and measures the authority had in different municipalities. Some social workers had access to procedures, training and guidelines for dealing with undue influence, while others did not have the same. This is highlighted and discussed because we observed that this factor had a significant impact on the social worker’s work environment and wellbeing. The analysis of the results was conducted using theories of coping, compassion fatigue, bureaucratic organization and discretion.

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