This study compares two groups of self-referred and court ordered male batterers: those who are depressed (n = 39), and those who are not depressed (n = 61). These two groups are compared along the following variables: alcohol use, anger, anxiety, beliefs about wife beating, jealousy, marital satisfaction, couple differentiation, psychological violence, and physical violence. Results indicate that the depressed male batterers differ significantly from the nondepressed male batterers. Depressed batterers had higher levels of anger, more anxiety, lower levels of marital satisfaction, were more physically violent toward their partner, and were more psychologically violent toward their partner. The depressed and nondepressed male batterers did not differ significantly on level of jealousy, couple differentiation, or their beliefs about the justification of wife beating. These results have implications for further understanding and treatment of depressed male batterers. / Master of Science

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T20:06:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 3 / Nenhuma / Este estudo analisa a compreensão que os trabalhadores empregados em serviços de saúde têm sobre o assédio moral no ambiente de trabalho. É um estudo exploratório, de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa. Foi realizado no Sindicato dos Empregados em Estabelecimentos de Saúde - Sindisaúde, incluindo trabalhadores de serviços de saúde de Passo Fundo e outras cidades da região. Os dados foram obtidos por dois instrumentos: uma entrevista semiestruturada com perfil socioeconômico e demográfico e vivências de violência no trabalho, além de um questionário para caracterização do assédio moral. Participaram da pesquisa 13 profissionais, dentre Técnicos de Enfermagem, Auxiliares de Enfermagem, Auxiliares de Limpeza e Auxiliares de Cozinha. Os dados foram tratados por meio da análise de conteúdo temática e cálculos estatísticos simples. Identificou-se que a compreensão de assédio moral no trabalho, para os participantes do estudo, esteve fundamentada em dois eixos principais: 1) vivências que foram chamadas inadequada / This study examines the understanding that workers employed in health services have on mobbing in the workplace. It is an exploratory study of qualitative and quantitative approach. It was carried out in the Sindisaúde - Union of Employees in Institutions of Health, including health workers in Passo Fundo and other cities of the region. The data were obtained by two instruments: a semistructured interview with socioeconomic and demographic profile and experiences of violence at work, and a questionnaire to describe the harassment. Participated in the survey 13 professionals, among Nursing Technicians, Nursing Assistants, Cleaning Assistants and Assistants for the Kitchen. The data were processed by the analysis of thematic content and simple statistical calculations. It was identified that the understanding of mobbing at work, for the participants in the study, was based on two main axes: 1) experiences that were called inadequately of mobbing (76.92%), that included management practices by injury, managemen

The purpose of this paper is to examine the law regarding gross violations of women and its application in the Swedish legal system. We have investigated how the legal system takes into account a holistic perspective of the vulnerable situation of women in the investigation and assessment and the extent to which psychological violence in the form of verbal abuse, threats and harassment attention. We also wanted to find out how the law's design may contribute to difficulties in the implementation and interpretation of it. In this study, we used a qualitative research approach when we decided to conduct an interview with a police officer and a textual analysis of four cases from the district court. Interview questions were semi-structured in order to gain a deeper understanding of the phenomenon. The previous research we have chosen highlights how the law of gross violations of women came about, how gender is created and made visible in the legal system, and the criticism that has been leveled at the act's applicability. In the analysis of the empirical material we have used the four theoretical perspectives, commercial construction and interpretation of the law, social control, gender power structure and suppression techniques.A brief summary of the results we have found is that there is a clear gender power structure in the Swedish legal system that reinforces female subordination. The laws and the legal system standards are created and maintained by the male norm. The construction of the law contribute to difficulties in the application of the law when the methods that can be used when interpreting results in the judicial assessment performed on insufficient grounds due to subjective values​.We have also recognized a clear pattern that shows that the justice system does not apply a holistic approach in its analysis of the cases where only the physical violence is considered. When they pay attention to the psychological abuse it´s not considered being sufficient evidence for the men to be convicted of gross violations of women. Court cases show that woman's ability to prove the violence she has been subjected to the basis for the district court's judgment regarding the woman's self-esteem. In summary, the results of this study that there is an incorrect application of the law of gross violations of women that lead to women's situation is questioned and the men are not expected to commit the offense was considered to be the reason for the introduction of this law. This occurs due to psychological violence is not considered in the same way as the physical violence which is the basis for how the self-esteem to be valued. / Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka lagen om grov kvinnofridskränkning och dess tillämpning i det svenska rättssystemet. Vi har undersökt hur rättsväsendet beaktar ett helhetsperspektiv av den utsatta kvinnans situation vid utredning och bedömning samt i vilken utsträckning det psykiska våldet i form av verbala kränkningar, hot och ofredande uppmärksammas. Vi ville även ta reda på hur lagens konstruktion kan bidra till svårigheter vid tillämpningen och tolkningen av den. I denna studie har vi använt oss av en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi då vi valt att genomföra en intervju med en polis och en textanalys av fyra stycken rättsfall från tingsrätten. Intervjufrågorna har varit semistrukturerade för att få en djupare förståelse för fenomenet. Den tidigare forskning vi valt att presentera belyser hur lagen om grov kvinnofridskränkning kom till, hur genus skapas och synliggörs i rättssystemet samt den kritik som har framförts mot lagens tillämplighet. Vid analysen av det empiriska materialet har vi använt oss av fyra stycken teoretiska perspektiv, rättens konstruktion och tolkning av lagen, social kontroll samt könsmaktsordning och härskartekniker. En kort sammanfattning av det resultat vi kommit fram till är att det finns en könsmaktsordning i det svenska rättssystemet som befäster kvinnans underordning vid tillämpningen och tolkningen av lagen. Lagarna och rättssystemets normer skapas och bibehålls utifrån den manliga normen. Lagkonstruktion bidrar till svårigheter vid tillämpningen av lagen då de metoder som kan användas vid tolkningen leder till att rättsväsendets bedömningar utförs på otillräckliga grunder till följd av subjektiva värderingar. Vi har även urskiljt tydliga mönster som visar på att rättsväsendet inte tillämpar ett helhetsperspektiv i sin bedömning av fallen då endast det fysiska våldet beaktas. När de psykiska övergreppen uppmärksammas anses inte bevisen vara tillräckliga för att männen ska kunna dömas för grov kvinnofridskränkning. I rättsfallen synliggörs det att kvinnans möjlighet att bevisa det våld hon blivit utsatt för ligger till grund för tingsrättens bedömning gällande kvinnans självkänsla. Sammanfattningsvis är resultatet av denna studie att det sker en felaktig tillämpning av lagen om grov kvinnofridskränkning som leder till att kvinnornas situation ifrågasätts och männen döms inte till det brott som ansågs vara anledningen till införandet av denna lag. Detta sker till följd av att det psykiska våldet inte beaktas i samma utsträckning som det fysiska våldet vilket ligger till grund för hur självkänslan ska värderas.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence, severity, source and impact of psychological violence as work trauma on the health of teachers in Lesotho and to further develop guidelines for teacher support for the promotion of their health. In order to achieve this aim, the study focused on the following specific aims: firstly, it set out to investigate the prevalence of psychological violence against teachers, in the secondary and high schools in Lesotho. Secondly, to examine the severity of psychological violence experienced by teachers. Thirdly, to investigate the sources of psychological violence for teachers. Fourthly, establish the impact that psychological violence has as work trauma on teachers' health and finally on the basis of the findings to develop guidelines for teacher support in order to promote their health. The mixed method research design was used to gather data for the study. This involved the use of research methods from both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Mixed method research design was used because it allowed for a deeper investigation of the research problem and to reach a large number of respondents. Quantitative data was subjected to descriptive statistical analysis and factor analysis. On the other hand the qualitative methods involved the use of phenomenological interviews together with the symptoms checklist, and open ended question from the psychological violence scale. Data from these methods was organized into categories and sub-categories. The findings from this study indicate that psychological violence against teachers is highly prevalent. It further emerged that the psychological violence they experienced had a serious impact on all of the five contexts of their existence namely biological, psychological, spiritual, ecological and metaphysical contexts that can be regarded as work trauma. The sources of psychological violence experienced by teachers are the management of schools to a large extent, followed by colleagues of equal status and parents, community and the students to a lesser extent. The findings further indicate that the longer serving and older teachers experience more psychological violence than younger teachers who are coming into teaching service. It also emerged that there was no gender differences in terms of the experience of psychological violence, thus men and women experience psychological violence equally. Findings from both the qualitative and quantitative research methods were synthesized and on the basis of the conclusions drawn and the literature search, guidelines for teacher support were developed. The guidelines were categorised as follows, guidelines for teacher support based on the teachers' experiences of psychological violence and guidelines for teacher support based on the impact of psychological violence they experienced. In the light of the findings the study recommends that, teacher support programmes should be put in place in order to address issues of psychological violence and its impact on teachers' health. It further recommends that a holistic health promotion policy be implemented within the human resource management departments in the various ministries. Finally an in-depth research study of psychological violence and its impact should be undertaken at all levels of education in Lesotho, starting from early childhood care level up to the tertiary level. In conclusion the study established the prevalence, severity, source and impact of psychological violence against teachers. It further established the traumatic impact of their experiences. The study has revealed that due to their experiences of psychological violence teachers need support in order to promote their health. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Education))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence, severity, source and impact of psychological violence as work trauma on the health of teachers in Lesotho and to further develop guidelines for teacher support for the promotion of their health. In order to achieve this aim, the study focused on the following specific aims: firstly, it set out to investigate the prevalence of psychological violence against teachers, in the secondary and high schools in Lesotho. Secondly, to examine the severity of psychological violence experienced by teachers. Thirdly, to investigate the sources of psychological violence for teachers. Fourthly, establish the impact that psychological violence has as work trauma on teachers' health and finally on the basis of the findings to develop guidelines for teacher support in order to promote their health. The mixed method research design was used to gather data for the study. This involved the use of research methods from both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Mixed method research design was used because it allowed for a deeper investigation of the research problem and to reach a large number of respondents. Quantitative data was subjected to descriptive statistical analysis and factor analysis. On the other hand the qualitative methods involved the use of phenomenological interviews together with the symptoms checklist, and open ended question from the psychological violence scale. Data from these methods was organized into categories and sub-categories. The findings from this study indicate that psychological violence against teachers is highly prevalent. It further emerged that the psychological violence they experienced had a serious impact on all of the five contexts of their existence namely biological, psychological, spiritual, ecological and metaphysical contexts that can be regarded as work trauma. The sources of psychological violence experienced by teachers are the management of schools to a large extent, followed by colleagues of equal status and parents, community and the students to a lesser extent. The findings further indicate that the longer serving and older teachers experience more psychological violence than younger teachers who are coming into teaching service. It also emerged that there was no gender differences in terms of the experience of psychological violence, thus men and women experience psychological violence equally. Findings from both the qualitative and quantitative research methods were synthesized and on the basis of the conclusions drawn and the literature search, guidelines for teacher support were developed. The guidelines were categorised as follows, guidelines for teacher support based on the teachers' experiences of psychological violence and guidelines for teacher support based on the impact of psychological violence they experienced. In the light of the findings the study recommends that, teacher support programmes should be put in place in order to address issues of psychological violence and its impact on teachers' health. It further recommends that a holistic health promotion policy be implemented within the human resource management departments in the various ministries. Finally an in-depth research study of psychological violence and its impact should be undertaken at all levels of education in Lesotho, starting from early childhood care level up to the tertiary level. In conclusion the study established the prevalence, severity, source and impact of psychological violence against teachers. It further established the traumatic impact of their experiences. The study has revealed that due to their experiences of psychological violence teachers need support in order to promote their health. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Education))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

Abstract The purpose of this qualitative study was to answer the questions by interviewing eight women about their experiences: How do women who have been subjected to psychological violence in close relation feel that they have been met by their social network? Why do women stay in relationships where they are subjected to psychological violence? The theoretical framework of the study includes Pierre Bourdieu's concept of social capital and Thomas Scheff's theory of social ties. A gender perspective has been used to map patriarchal structures. The results showed that the weak ties that arise in the relationship lead to the women experiencing shame and fear, which means that they remain in the relationships and that they do not tell the network about the violence. Women are treated to varying degrees but usually with understanding and empathy. It also emerged that the women tended to stay in the relationship if they lacked other people to identify with. How women's living conditions are degraded by destructive relationships is also affected by women's subordination in society. Keywords: Violence in close relationship, psychological violence, social networking, the normalization process, shame, separation

Although intimate partner violence is an established societal problem, psychological violence often falls in the shadow of physical violence. Studies have shown that both men and women are exposed to psychological violence to an equal extent, but despite this, men's exposure is not noticed to the same extent as women's. This study investigates the expression of psychological violence, which characteristics of individuals that are exploited by perpetrators and why individuals choose to remain in relationships where they are exposed to psychological violence, and whether the reasons differ between men and women. The results of this qualitative study are based on semi-structured interviews with six individuals, three men and three women who had previously been in a relationship characterized by psychological violence. The study's theoretical framework consists of Hearns view of intimate partner violence and concept of a distant intimacy, Connell and Pearse’s gender theory, Beauvoir's concepts of the other, immanence and transcendence, and Connell's concept of hegemonic masculinity. The results of the study indicate that the expression of psychological violence in heterosexual relationships was quiet the same for both our male and females respondents. The difference was that the female respondents felt criticized and derided by their partner. The male and female respondents also attributed themselves with similar characteristics, such as caring, accommodating and emotional. Yet it was only the female respondents who felt like their characteristics were exploited. The reason why the female respondents chose to remain in the destructive relationship was because they got broken down by the violence and formed a position of dependence on the their partners. The male respondents, on the other hand, remained in the relationship due to its difficulties in identifying their partner's destructive behavior as problematic. / Trots att våld i nära relationer är ett etablerat samhällsproblem hamnar psykiskt våld ofta i skuggan av fysiskt. Mätningar tyder på att kvinnor och män utsätts för psykiskt våld i en lika stor omfattning, men trots det så uppmärksammas inte männens utsatthet i samma utsträckning som kvinnornas. I detta självständiga arbete undersöks det psykiska våldets uttryck, vilka egenskaper som utnyttjas och varför individer väljer att stanna kvar i parrelationer där de utsätts för psykiskt våld, samt om anledningarna skiljer sig mellan män och kvinnor. Datainsamlingen utgjordes av semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex respondenter, tre kvinnor och tre män, som tidigare varit i en relation präglad av psykiskt våld. Studiens teoretiska referensram består av Hearns (2012) teoretisering av våld i nära relationer och begrepp avlägsen intimitet, Isdal (2001) sju undergrupper av psykiskt våld, Connell och Pearse genusteori, Beauvoirs begrepp den andre, immanens och transcendens, samt Connells begrepp hegemonisk maskulinitet. Studiens resultat tyder på att det psykiska våldets uttryck i heterosexuella relationer var nästintill detsamma för våra manliga och kvinnliga respondenter. Det som skildes var det kvinnliga respondenterna upplevelse av degradering och förlöjligande av sin manliga partner. De kvinnliga och manliga respondenterna tillskrev sig även med liknande egenskaper, som omhändertagande, tillmötesgående och känslosamma. Men det var endast det kvinnliga respondenterna som upplevde att dessa egenskaper utnyttjades. Det som gjorde att de kvinnliga respondenterna valde att stanna kvar i den destruktiva relationen var att de hade blivit nedbruten av våldet och bildat sig en beroendeställning till deras manliga partner. De manliga respondenterna stannade däremot kvar i relationen på grund av dess svårigheter att identifiera problematiken med deras partners destruktiva beteende.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:34:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LIVIA DE TARTARI E SACRAMENTO.pdf: 644004 bytes, checksum: 512ac64515f28dadff10c6d4d9312b6d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study broaches on violence as defined by the World Health Organization (KRUG, 2002). We also use the Straus and Sweet (1992) definition of Psychological Violence. Our general goal was to identify the occurrence of matrimonial psychological violence among University students and correlation to risk factors. The specific goals were to verify any correlation between this and participants self-esteem, alcohol intake, age group, number of children and family income. Respondents could be of either genre, should be married or in a stable union, be aged between 16 and 60, as well as being students at Universidade Metodista de São Paulo (UMESP). The field research was conducted at UMESP and included students from undergraduate courses as well as other higher education courses. This is a descriptive research with a non-probability sample, determined by convenience. The instrument was answered by 246 people, chosen based on the sample inclusion criteria, all of whom had immediate availability to answer the instrument. Among the respondents, there were more women (145) than men (100). The instrument was composed of Conflict Tactic Scale Form R (CTS1), Rosenberg s Self-Esteem and Self-Concept Scale as well as an Adapted Social-Demographic Questionnaire. CTS1 was used to measure family violence, the Self-Esteem Scale verified people s positive or negative attitude towards themselves, while the questionnaire supplied supplementary data on personal and matrimonial information of respondents. 246 instruments were analyzed through the Statistical Treatment SPSS 13 for Windows. The results showed that approximately 30% of the respondents of both genres and the entire sample had a high level of psychological violence. We verified a tendency: the lower the self-esteem, the higher the level of psychological violence. We also found evidence that there is no linear correlation between this factor and the habit of alcohol intake or the quantity of alcohol consumed by respondents. This data is not corroborated by the researched literature, therefore, we found that alcohol in itself says little as a risk factor for the occurrence of psychological violence. Its articulation merits further planning and investigation by means of knowledge and actions which will contribute to the health of the population. We concluded that marital psychological violence is many times seen as trivial and made commonplace. / A pesquisa aborda a violência psicológica tal como é definida pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (KRUG, 2002) Usamos também a definição de violência psicológica utilizada por Straus e Sweet (1992). Nosso objetivo geral foi identificar a ocorrência de violência psicológica conjugal entre estudantes universitários, e a correlação desta com fatores de risco. E os específicos foram verificar sua correlação com a auto-estima, a ingestão de álcool, a faixa etária, o número de filhos e o rendimento familiar dos participantes. Tivemos respondentes de ambos os gêneros, casados ou em união estável, com idades entre 16 e 60 anos e alunos da Universidade Metodista de São Paulo. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada na Universidade Metodista de São Paulo e abordou universitários da graduação, graduação tecnológica e cursos seqüenciais. Esta pesquisa é uma pesquisa descritiva e sua amostragem foi não-probabilística de conveniência, responderam ao instrumento 246 pessoas, que foram escolhidas com base nos critérios de inclusão e na sua disponibilidade imediata para responder à pesquisa. Obtivemos mais respondentes do gênero feminino (145) do que do masculino (100). O instrumento foi composto por: Escala de Táticas de Conflito (CTS1), Escala de Auto-Estima e Autoconceito de Rosenberg e um Questionário Sócio-demográfico Adaptado. A CTS 1 foi usada para medir a violência familiar, a escala de auto-estima foi usada para verificar a atitude positiva ou negativa das pessoas e o questionário foi usado para complementar dados sobre a história pessoal e conjugal dos respondentes. Foram analisados 246 instrumentos através do Estatístico SPSS 13,0 for Windows. Os resultados demonstraram que aproximadamente 30% das pessoas de ambos os gêneros e da amostra total apresentaram alto grau de violência psicológica. Verificamos que existe uma tendência de que quanto menor a auto-estima dos respondentes maior o grau de violência psicológica. Constatamos também a inexistência de correlação linear entre violência psicológica, costume de ingerir bebida alcoólica e quantidade de bebida alcoólica ingerida pelos respondentes. Este dado não é corroborado pela literatura pesquisada. Portanto, percebemos que o álcool em si diz pouco enquanto fator de risco para a ocorrência da violência psicológica. Sua articulação merece ser mais investigada e melhor delineada por meio da busca de conhecimentos e práticas que contribuam para a saúde da população. Concluímos que a violência psicológica conjugal muitas vezes é banalizada e tida como natural

Investigou-se a presença de assédio moral no trabalho e suas inter-relações com dimensão psicossocial, bem-estar e adaptação psicossocial positiva. As bases teóricas compreenderam: Abordagem Ecológica, Saúde Mental e Trabalho e Psicologia Positiva. No Estudo I, participaram 598 bancários, que responderam questionário biosociodemográfico e laboral, Questionário de Atos Negativos, Job Content Questionnaire, Medidas de Bem-Estar no Trabalho e Escala de Adaptação Psicossocial Positiva. Os dados foram submetidos a estatísticas descritivas, exploratórias e inferenciais. No Estudo II, realizaram-se 4 estudos de casos, e os dados submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Houve alta prevalência de assédio moral e associação com baixo controle, altas demandas, baixo apoio e alta insegurança no emprego. Os níveis de bem-estar no trabalho foram menores para as vítimas. Diferentes fontes de dados (incidência, correlações, preditores e vivências concretas de trabalhadores) indicaram transições ecológicas entre os papéis de vítima, testemunha e agressor e natureza principalmente organizacional do fenômeno. / The aim of this study was to investigate workplace bullying and its relations to psychosocial dimension, well-being and positive psychosocial adaptation. Theoretical basis comprehended: Ecological Theory, Work and Mental Health and Positive Psychology. In the first study, 598 banking workers answered demographic and labor questionnaire, Negative Acts Questionnaire, Job Content Questionnaire, Measurements of Well-Being at Work and Positive Psychosocial Adaptation scale. Data were submitted to descriptive, exploratory and inferential statistics. In the second study, 4 multiple case studies were conducted. Data were submitted to qualitative content analysis. The prevalence of workplace bullying was high. It was observed association with low control, high demands, low social support and high job insecurity. The taxes of well-being at work were lower for the victims. Different data resources (incidence, correlations, predictors and concrete experiences of worker) indicate ecological transitions among victims, observers and perpetrators, as well as a mainly organizational nature of workplace bullying.

Aim of the study. To explore and evaluate the frequency of stress and psychological violence experienced at work by nurses working at Kaunas district health care institutions, and to evaluate factors that cause stress and psychological violence. Methods. Information has been gathered using anonymous questionnaires distributed among 152 nurses working at health care institutions in Kaunas district. Statistical evaluation of the obtained data was performed using SPSS 12.0/w software package. Results. We found that 73.7% of nurses experienced stress. A statistically reliable relationship was detected between critical situations at home, workload, and stress (p<0.01). 11.2% of nurses felt absolutely unsafe and 41.4% - unsafe about retaining their work position in the future. 12.5% of nurses experienced psychological violence at work. Psychological violence towards nurses most frequently resulted from backbiting and rumours, lack of information affecting job quality and performance, and reminding about mistakes made at work. A statistically reliable relationship was found between negative experience at work and poor health estimation. Nurses who were ignored and isolated at work (p<0.05, OR 2.76 CI (1.07;7.10)), experienced (p<0.01, OR 3.71 CI(1.44; 9.52)), humiliation, and mockery (p<0.0001, OR 5.07 CI (2.07;12.41)) had a higher probability of evaluating their health as poor. 33.6% of nurses experienced patients’ and their relatives’ threats, and 2% of nurses experienced... [to full text]