No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

There are more connected wireless devices than everbefore and with the rise of new smart systems such as self-drivingcars and smart cities new antenna solutions for transmittingsignals are needed. One important part of these systems is thefilters which filter out all the unwanted signals. In this report,we present a solution for manufacturing such a filter with apassband from 26-29 GHz and a stopband from 29-60 GHz usinga fully metallic glide-symmetric structure. Ideas of combiningmultiple unit cell designs to achieve wider stopbands and higherattenuation are explored using dispersion engineering wherethe advantages and the disadvantages of using this method arepresented. Furthermore, ways of combining the filter to standardconnections using a coaxial cable to waveguide transition areproposed and designed. The usage of multiple unit cell designsis proven to be a solution for achieving wider stopbands withminimum coupling between modes. / Det finns fler trådlösa enheter uppkoppladeän n°agonsin tidigare och med ökningen av nya smarta systemsom självkörande bilar och smarta städer finns ett behov av nyaantennlösningar för överföring av information. En viktig del avdessa system är filtren som filtrerar bort alla oönskade signaler.I denna rapport presenterar vi en lösning för att konstrueraett sådant filter med ett passband från 26-29 GHz och ettstoppband från 29-60 GHz med en helt metallisk glidsymmetriskstruktur. Id´eer att kombinera flera enhetscellsdesigner för attuppnå bredare stoppband och högre attenuering undersöks medhjälp av dispersionsteknik, där fördelarna och nackdelarna medatt använda denna metod presenteras. Dessutom föreslås ochutformas sätt att kombinera filtret till standardanslutningar meden koaxialkabel till vågledarövergång. Användningen av fleraenhetscell designer visar sig vara en lösning för att skapa bredastoppband med minimal koppling mellan ”modes”. / Kandidatexjobb i elektroteknik 2021, KTH, Stockholm

Les antennes multifaisceaux (AMFs) sont cruciales pour les applications de télécommunications par satellite modernes et futures, civiles et militaires. La partie basse du spectre électromagnétique est saturée alors que de larges bandes de fréquences sont disponibles dans la bande Ka, dans laquelle des missions à très-haut débit ont émergées au cours de la dernière décennie. La tendance consiste à réduire la taille des spots pour les couvertures multi-spots afin de diminuer le prix des satellites. Ainsi des antennes d’ouverture de plus en plus grande électriquement sont requises, induisant des ruptures technologiques majeures. Les lentilles de Luneburg insérées dans un guide d’ondes à plans parallèles (GOPP) deux plaques métalliques parallèles (PMPs) sont des solutions attractives pour illuminer les AMFs, puisqu’elles peuvent aboutir à des formateurs de faisceaux de bande et champ de visée larges, pertes et coûts faibles, et simples à concevoir, réaliser et intégrer. Les travaux de cette thèse portent sur le développement de nouvelles méthodes d’implémentation et sur la conception de AMFs à base de lentille de Luneburg. La réalisation de la lentille de Luneburg est connue pour être un défi technologique majeur. Un état de l’art des méthodes de réalisation est fourni. Ensuite, deux nouvelles méthodes sont proposées, ainsi qu’une méthode et des outils de conception. La première méthode de réalisation consiste en une matrice périodique et régulière de plots métalliques de taille inférieure à la longueur d’onde, et où la séparation du GOPP varie. La hauteur des plots et la séparation du GOPP contrôlent la valeur de l’indice de réfraction équivalente. L’antenne à 9 faisceaux tout métal conçue, fabriquée et mesurée, comporte 8314 plots et présente d’excellentes performances, notamment meilleures que sa version à séparation de plaques constante. La seconde méthode de réalisation consiste en une matrice périodique et régulière de trous circulaires de taille inférieure à la longueur d’onde réalisés sur un des deux revêtements cuivrés d’un substrat diélectrique plus une plaque métallique supérieure séparée du plan des trous par une couche d’air d’épaisseur fixe. L’antenne à 5 faisceaux conçue comporte 2696 trous et présente de très bonnes performances comparés à ces semblables dans la littérature. / Multi-beam antennas (MBAs) are crucial to modern and future, civilian and military satellite telecommunications applications. The low part of the electromagnetic spectrum is congested, while wide band of frequencies are available in the Ka-band, in which broadband missions have emerged in the last decade. The trend is reducing the size of spots in multi-beam coverage to reduce the cost of satellites, hence more electrically large antennas are needed, with major technological breakthrough as a consequence. Luneburg lenses in parallel-plate waveguide (PPW) are attractive solutions to excite MBAs, since they could lead to wide band and field-of-view, low loss and cost, easy to design, manufacture and accommodate Beam Forming Networks. This PhD deals with the development of novel implementations and the design of broadband, low loss and wide field-of-view Luneburg lens based MBAs. The implementation of the Luneburg lens is known as a major technological challenge. A state-of-the art of the implementation techniques is presented. Then two novel implementations of Luneburg lens in PPW environment are proposed, like design method, process and tools. The first implementation consists of a periodic and regular array of subwavelength vertical metal posts, where the PPW spacing is variable. The post height and PPW spacing modulate the equivalent refractive index. The all-metal 9-beams antenna designed, manufactured and measured, has 8314 posts and shows excellent performances, better than the traditional constant PPW spacing version. The second implementation consists of periodic and regular array of subwavelength circular holes etched on the copper cladding of a dielectric substrate with an air gap between the holes plane and the PPW top plate. The radius of the holes control the equivalent index. The 5-beams antenna designed has 2696 holes and shows very good performances as compared to similar devices in literature.

No description available.

In this thesis the major objective is the implementation of the inverse neural network concept in the design of printed lens (transmitarray) antenna. As it is computationally extensive to perform full-wave simulations for entire transmitarray structure and thereafter perform optimization, the idea is to generate a design database assuming that a unit cell of the transmitarray is situated inside a 2D infinite periodic structure. This way we generate a design database of transmission coefficient by varying the unit cell parameters. Since, for the actual design, we need dimensions for each cell on the transmitarray aperture and to do this we need to invert the design database. The major contribution of this thesis is the proposal and the implementation of database inversion methodology namely inverse neural network modelling. We provide the algorithms for carrying out the inversion process as well as provide check results to demonstrate the reliability of the proposed methodology. Finally, we apply this approach to design a transmitarray antenna, and measure its performance.

The Protein Data Bank (PDB) is the definitive electronic repository for experimentally-derived protein structures, composed mainly of those determined by X-ray crystallography. Approximately 200 new structures are added weekly to the PDB, and at the time of writing, it contains approximately 97,000 structures. This represents an expanding wealth of high-quality information but there seem to be few bioinformatics tools that consider and analyse these data as an ensemble. This thesis explores the development of three efficient, fast algorithms and software implementations to study protein structure using the entire PDB. The first project is a crystal-form matching tool that takes a unit cell and quickly (< 1 second) retrieves the most related matches from the PDB. The unit cell matches are combined with sequence alignments using a novel Family Clustering Algorithm to display the results in a user-friendly way. The software tool, Nearest-cell, has been incorporated into the X-ray data collection pipeline at the Diamond Light Source, and is also available as a public web service. The bulk of the thesis is devoted to the study and prediction of protein disorder. Initially, trying to update and extend an existing predictor, RONN, the limitations of the method were exposed and a novel predictor (called MoreRONN) was developed that incorporates a novel sequence-based clustering approach to disorder data inferred from the PDB and DisProt. MoreRONN is now clearly the best-in-class disorder predictor and will soon be offered as a public web service. The third project explores the development of a clustering algorithm for protein structural fragments that can work on the scale of the whole PDB. While protein structures have long been clustered into loose families, there has to date been no comprehensive analytical clustering of short (~6 residue) fragments. A novel fragment clustering tool was built that is now leading to a public database of fragment families and representative structural fragments that should prove extremely helpful for both basic understanding and experimentation. Together, these three projects exemplify how cutting-edge computational approaches applied to extensive protein structure libraries can provide user-friendly tools that address critical everyday issues for structural biologists.