La qualification est centrale à l'activité du juriste. Les règles de droit positif ne reçoivent application qu'au moment où les faits reçoivent une certaine qualification. Cette réalité prend une dimension particulière face au contrat, lequel est l'objet de multiples dispositions législatives. Le législateur a cru bon au fil du temps, de réglementer diverses formes contractuelles, les contrats nommés. On oppose à ceux-ci les contrats innommés, pure création extra-législative. La détermination de la nature du contrat passe par un processus de qualification indépendant de notions connexes et qui doit s'éloigner d'une méthode intuitive. La qualification du contrat passera principalement par l’analyse des obligations en vue d'identifier l'obligation fondamentale ou la prestation caractéristique du contrat. Il s'agit d'une analyse qu'on veut objective. Les parties auront peu d'influence sur la qualification qui sera ultérieurement donnée à leur contrat, celle-ci étant une question de droit en principe réservée au juge. Le juriste tentera d'abord de lier le contrat aux modèles nommés connus et prévus par le législateur, soit en lui donnant un seul nom ou en reconnaissant la nature mixte de la convention. Dans l'éventualité où ces tentatives ne sont pas concluantes, une qualification innommée devra être choisie. La distinction entre les différentes qualifications possible sera réalisée en fonction de la hiérarchie des obligations au contrat et par l'écart de celle-ci avec les modèles connus. / Qualification is paramount to any jurist. Rules of law can only be applied when particular facts are qualified accordingly. Contract law cannot escape this reality since all agreements are subject to numerous legal provisions, whether or not of public order. The law recognizes many contractual forms, which are deemed «named contracts», as opposed to «unnamed contracts», which are the result of a practical application. The nature of a contract is determined by an independant qualification process which excludes an intuitive method. Qualification will basically be achieved by the analysis of the obligations contained in the contract. This objective analysis will focus on the identification of a «fundamental obligation» or a «caracteristic prestation». Parties will have limited influence on the qualification of their contract, since this determination is a question of law and is left to the judicial authorities. Once the fundamental obligations are identified, the jurist will try to associate a specific contract with known legal contractual types. A contract may be related to a single type of contract or to many of them in the case of a mixed contract. If legal models are inapplicable, an unnamed qualification will be chosen. In order to distinguish between possible qualifications, one must examine the hierarchy of obligations in the contract and its proximity to known models.

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This dissertation reviews the history and discourse of the debate regarding the use of unnamed sources in journalism. A quantitative and qualitative content analysis explores how the use of anonymous sources has changed over the years. The ethics justifying their use are examined through the lens of utilitarianism. The author offers guidelines for their future use.

This dissertation investigates the possibility of producing zeolites from municipal solid waste ash, MSW ash, by using hydrothermal treatment alone and by introducing fusion at 550 °C prior to hydrothermal treatment. The study was performed at different treatment conditions where silica/aluminum ratio of 13.9 and 2.5, hydroxide concentrations of 1.5N, 2.5N and 3.5N, temperatures at 100°C and 60 °C and time at 6, 24 and 72 hours were the major variables used to study zeolites synthesis process. The possibility of forming zeolites A, P1 and X was of particular interest in the present study. Factors, mechanism and modeling of zeolite A were investigated thoroughly in the present study. Zeolite synthesis process was evaluated using X-Ray diffraction to study different formed zeolite types and their chemical composition as well as their percentages. Morphological and physical characteristics of the produced zeolitic materials were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, and cation exchange capacity property, CEC.The findings indicate that hydrothermal process did not succeed in producing significant amounts of zeolites. Consequently, the CEC of the produced zeolitic materials were much below the available commercial zeolite materials.Fusing the ash prior to hydrothermal treatment successfully produced sodium aluminum silicates and sodium silicates precursors to zeolite A formation. Fusion followed by hydrothermal treatment yielded significant amounts of zeolite A, at maximum value of 38.8% with CEC up to 245.0 meq/100g, which is within the range of commercially available zeolites. Experimental design analysis performed on zeolite A synthesis showed that zeolite A formation was reproducible and equation of interaction between different used conditions was established. Mechanism of zeolite A formation was concluded to be solution transport mediated process that involved both gel and solution interaction rather than being pure solution reaction or pu re gel transformation process. Solution super saturation and optimum silica/aluminum ratio were the driving force for nucleation of zeolite A.

The thesis deals with the most common cases of unfair competition punishable under general clause, such as "snowball", botheration of consumer, unfair advertising, exploitation of feelings, etc. There is also outlined the development of the law against unfair competition, the subjects of unfair competition and the crucial term "general clause". The following chapters are concerned with the European Unfair Practises Directive and legal means of protection against unfair competition. The last chapter deals with the upcoming new Civil Code and its regulation of the law against unfair competition. It also includes suggestions de lege ferenda.

Main topic of this thesis is creation of platform for testing stabilization and control algorithms for UAV. For chosen suitable model plane was designed a structure of control and power electronics. Research of suitable algorithms was made and some of them were implemented. For this algorithms gains were designed, using simulation. The whole system was tested and validated in flight.