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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Detecção molecular e monitoramento sazonal de adenovírus em águas fluviais no município de Goiânia, Goiás-Brasil: correlação com parâmetros físico-químicos, bacteriológicos e Metanálise avaliativa de metodologias / Adenovirus molecular detection and seasonal monitoring in bodies of water in the municipality of Goiânia, Goiás-Brazil: correlation with physical-chemical and bacteriological parameters and meta-analysis to evaluate methodologies

SILVA, Hugo Delleon da 27 May 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:29:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO - HUGO DELLEON-1.pdf: 1681733 bytes, checksum: ec21194046431954674916776c620d9e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-27 / Although water is of vital importance for living beings, due to antropic action it becomes a way of dissemination of several microorganisms, which reach aquatic environments through the faeces of man and other animals and can cause several illnesses, especially for immunocompromised individuals. During routine environmental monitoring, coliform bacteria are normally used as a microbiological parameter of water quality, which does not evidence its contamination by viruses. Several researchers have proposed the detection of adenovirus (AdVs) by PCR as a molecular index to monitor other enteric viruses. AdVs are among the most persistent and ubiquitous enteric viruses present in water and associated with a variety of clinical manifestations. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of water collected from lakes and rivers in Goiânia as to the occurrence of AdVs. Water samples were collected monthly, from December 2007 to November 2008, at five different points in Goiânia (lakes of Bosque dos Buritis and Vaca Brava park, João Leite and Meia Ponte rivers downstream and upstream the municipal sewage treatment plant). The analyses were carried out at the Laboratório de Diagnóstico Genético e Molecular and Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Citogenética, Universidade Federal de Goiás. All the samples were filtered in a positively-charged nylon membrane followed by molecular detection using PCR and semi-nested PCR. Also, we performed physical-chemical and bacteriological tests to correlate these results with the occurrence of AdVs. Simultaneously, the Núcleo de Pesquisas em Agentes Emergentes e Re-emergentes carried out a meta-analysis to evaluate three methods of concentration of AdVs coupled to molecular detection in samples of untreated water. Since 29 out of the 54 water samples collected were positive for AdVs (39.2%), our results suggest the use of the methodology proposed in the present study for the detection of these pathogens in water. We observed statistically significant difference between nitrites, phosphates, fixed residues, total residues and the occurrence of AdVs, whereas no correlation was observed between fecal coliforms and AdVs. Furthermore, the occurrence of AdVs in the state of Goiás shows a seasonal trend. Based on the 33 studies selected for the meta-analysis, it was possible to get to the following interpretations: the most effective method to detect AdVs in samples from rivers or lakes was ultracentrifugation combined with nested-PCR; it is advisable to use a combination of microfiltration membrane and ultrafugation with the subsequent diagnosis using qPCR to detect AdVs in samples of treated and untreated sewage. This has been the first study carried out for the detection and monitoring of AdVs in water bodies in the Midwestern Region of Brazil and the present results may be useful to propose the eco-epidemiological profile of AdVs or even the routes of some neglected diseases, which points out the need to define a virus indicator / Embora a água seja de vital importância para os seres vivos, em decorrência da ação antrópica torna-se meio de disseminação de inúmeros microrganismos, que chegam aos ambientes aquáticos por meio das fezes do homem e de outros animais, podendo desencadear diversas doenças, sobretudo em indivíduos imunocomprometidos. Em rotina de monitoramento ambiental, normalmente são utilizadas bactérias do grupo dos coliformes fecais como parâmetro microbiológico de qualidade das águas, o que não evidencia sua contaminação por vírus. Alguns pesquisadores têm proposto a detecção de adenovírus (AdVs) por PCR como indexação no monitoramento de outros vírus entéricos. AdVs estão entre os mais persistentes e ubíquos vírus entéricos presentes em águas e associados com uma variedade de manifestações clínicas. Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade da água de rios e lagos da cidade de Goiânia em relação à ocorrência de AdVs. Amostras de água foram coletadas mensalmente, entre dezembro de 2007 e novembro de 2008, em cinco diferentes pontos de Goiânia (lagos do Bosque dos Buritis e parque Vaca Brava e rios João Leite e Meia Ponte a jusante e montante da estação de tratamento de esgoto municipal). As análises laboratoriais foram realizadas pelo Laboratório de Diagnóstico Genético e Molecular e Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Citogenética, Universidade Federal de Goiás. Inicialmente, as amostras foram filtradas em membrana de nylon carregada positivamente e, em seguida, submetidas a detecção molecular por PCR e semi-nested PCR. Também foram realizados testes físico-químicos e bacteriológicos para correlacionar estes resultados com a ocorrência de AdVs. Concomitantemente, o Núcleo de Pesquisas em Agentes Emergentes e Re-emergentes conduziu uma metanálise avaliativa de três metodologias de concentração de AdVs acopladas à detecção molecular em amostras de águas não tratadas. Das 54 amostras coletas, 29 foram positivas para AdVs (39,2%), sugerindo o uso da metodologia proposta neste estudo para detectar estes patógenos em água. Foi observada diferença estatisticamente significativa entre nitritos, fosfatos, resíduos fixos, resíduos totais e a ocorrência de AdVs, mas não foi observada correlação entre coliformes fecais e AdVs. Além disso, a ocorrência de AdVs no estado de Goiás exibiu tendência à sazonalidade. Na metanálise, a partir dos 33 artigos selecionados foi possível fazer as seguintes interpretações: para detectar AdVs em amostras de rios ou lagos, o método mais eficiente foi a ultracentrifugação em combinação com nested-PCR; para a detecção de AdVs em amostras de esgoto tratado e não tratado é aconselhável utilizar uma combinação de microfiltração em membrana e ultrafiltração com subsequente diagnóstico por qPCR. Este foi o primeiro estudo a detectar e monitorar AdVs em cursos de água na Região Centro-Oeste do Brasil e os presentes resultados podem ser úteis para propor o perfil eco-epidemiológico dos AdVs ou até mesmo das rotas de algumas doenças que são negligenciadas, o que demonstra a necessidade de definir um indicador viral
2

Flow Cytometry Sensor System Targeting Escherichia Coli as an Indicator of Faecal Contamination of Water Sources

Benselfelt, Tobias January 2014 (has links)
Poor water quality is a global health concern affecting one billion people around the world. It is important to monitor water sources in order to maintain the quality of our drinking water and to avoid disease outbreaks. Targeting Escherichia coli as a faecal indicator is a widely used procedure, but the current methods are time consuming and not adequate to prevent spreading of faecal influence.   This Master thesis demonstrates the development of a near infrared fluorescence flow cytometer sensor system targeting Escherichia coli, using fluorescently labeled chicken IgY antibodies. The near infrared light was chosen to avoid fluorescence from blue-green algae that are present in the water source.   The hardware was developed with a 785  nm laser line to detect Alexa Fluor 790 labeled antibodies, using a photomultiplier tube or two different CMOS cameras. The antibodies were labeled using a commercial labeling kit, and evaluated using antibody binding assays and the developed hardware.   The IgY antibodies were successfully labeled with Alexa Fluor 790 and the function was maintained after the labeling process. The result demonstrates the principles of the sensor system and how it solved to the problem with fluorescence from blue-green algae. An aperture was used to overcome the suboptimal laser and filter setup, and to increase the sensitivity of the system. However, only a small fraction of the cells could be detected, due to challenges with the focal depth and loss of sensitivity in the photomultiplier tube at near infrared wavelengths. Further development is required to create a working product.

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