published_or_final_version / Public Health / Master / Master of Public Health

The aim of this study is to problematize social support at online communities for unwanted childlessness by analyzing the discourses of the unwantedly childless and unwanted childlessness at a Swedish online community. This with the purpose of relating online social support to the societal norm for having children. The study is conducted by doing a Critical Discourse Analysis from a Relational- Cultural and Intersectional perspective on a Swedish online community sub-forum called “LESS på ofrivillig barnlöshet? Skriv av dig!” The results show that the social support becomes a paradox. The unwantedly childless themselves view the social support as fostering connection and belonging. In the meantime the social support is reinforcing the societal norm for having children by creating a collective identity of hope and an individual identity of emotional and physical failure. The norm for having children is further reinforced by the relations outside the online community leading to feelings of social exclusion.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2006. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.A. (Health Social Science))--Mahidol University, 2005.

Thesis (M.A.(Population and Reproductive Health Research))--Mahidol University, 2005. / LICL has E-Thesis 0005 ; please contact computer services.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:57:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo3214_1.pdf: 3789743 bytes, checksum: 5121a8308f93d20405e932f1e9bab193 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Universidade Federal do Amazonas / Um breve exame do atual tráfego Internet mostra uma mistura de serviços conhecidos e desconhecidos, novas e antigas aplicações, tráfego legítimo e ilegítimo, dados solicitados e não solicitados, tráfego altamente relevante ou simplesmente indesejado. Entre esses, o tráfego Internet não desejado tem se tornado cada vez mais prejudicial para o desempenho e a disponibilidade de serviços, tornando escasso os recursos das redes. Tipicamente, este tipo de tráfego é representado por spam, phishing, ataques de negação de serviço (DoS e DDoS), vírus e worms, má configuração de recursos e serviços, entre outras fontes. Apesar dos diferentes esforços, isolados e/ou coordenados, o tráfego Internet não desejado continua a crescer. Primeiramente, porque representa uma vasta gama de aplicações de usuários, dados e informações com diferentes objetivos. Segundo, devido a ineficácia das atuais soluções em identificar e reduzir este tipo de tráfego. Por último, uma definição clara do que é não desejado tráfego precisa ser feita. A fim de solucionar estes problemas e motivado pelo nível atingido pelo tráfego não desejado, esta tese apresenta: 1. Um estudo sobre o universo do tráfego Internet não desejado, apresentado definições, discussões sobre contexto e classificação e uma série de existentes e potencias soluções. 2. Uma metodologia para identificar tráfego não desejado baseada em orquestração. OADS (Orchestration Anomaly Detection System) é uma plataforma única para a identificação de tráfego não desejado que permite um gerenciamento cooperativa e integrado de métodos, ferramentas e soluções voltadas a identificação de tráfego não desejado. 3. O projeto e implementação de soluções modulares integráveis a metodologia proposta. A primeira delas é um sistema de suporte a recuperação de informações na Web (WIRSS), chamado OADS Miner ou simplesmente ARAPONGA, cuja função é reunir informações de segurança sobre vulnerabilidades, ataques, intrusões e anomalias de tráfego disponíveis na Web, indexá-las eficientemente e fornecer uma máquina de busca focada neste tipo de informação. A segunda, chamada Alert Pre- Processor, é um esquema que utilize uma técnica de cluster para receber múltiplas fontes de alertas, agregá-los e extrair aqueles mais relevantes, permitindo correlações e possivelmente a percepção das estratégias usadas em ataques. A terceira e última é um mecanismo de correlação e fusão de alertas, FER Analyzer, que utilize a técnica de descoberta de episódios frequentes (FED) para encontrar sequências de alertas usadas para confirmar ataques e possivelmente predizer futuros eventos. De modo a avaliar a proposta e suas implementações, uma série de experimentos foram conduzidos com o objetivo de comprovar a eficácia e precisão das soluções

Wrongful birth and wrongful life actions are one of the current issues of civil law associated with the area of health care. Generally speaking they are actions for damages for a birth of an unwanted child brought by parents or a child itself. At the moment, there is a small number of wrongful birth cases in the Czech Republic, but more of them are to be expected in front of the Czech courts because of patient's autonomy and new methods in the human reproduction field. The topic of this thesis is very controversial due to collision legal, moral and ethical issues. Crucial question of the whole problem is whether the birth of an unwanted child (or an unwanted life) can be considered as damage. Since the explicit regulation does not usually exist, the courts' decisions play irreplaceable role nowadays. The aim of this thesis is to try to answer the question whether these actions can be brought and heard before the courts in the Czech Republic and whether damages should be awarded on this ground. The first chapter focuses on the explanation of the essence of wrongful birth and wrongful life cases and their division into the specific categories. The second chapter concentrates on the legislation in the Czech Republic regarding wrongful birth actions. It is necessary to consider constitutional rights...

Master of Public Health - MPH / Women of child-bearing age sometimes fail to plan for pregnancies. Often they discover that they are pregnant and are not prepared or cannot afford to raise the child. Before 1996 there was no choice for women as regards pregnancies, all pregnancies must be carried to term and delivered except on health grounds and with stringent conditions. However after the TOP act was enacted in 1996, women were allowed a choice of TOP up to and including 20 weeks of pregnancy. Regardless of the availability of choice of TOP, some pregnant women still present late (after 12 weeks) for TOP when the risks of complications and costs are higher. Women who present late for TOP usually have to be admitted to a district or regional hospital and managed. The costs at such institutions are high. TOPs before 12 weeks (early TOP) are done in a primary health care (PHC) facility (TOP center) and no admission is required hence less cost. Complications of early TOP are also very mild and rare. In Lejweleputswa district there is only one TOP Center (Kopano TOP Clinic) and this serves both Lejweleputswa and the Northern Free State districts. Early TOPs (less than 12 weeks) are done and completed at this center. Late TOPs (above 12 weeks but not more than 20 weeks) are initiated at this TOP center and referred to district or regional hospitals nearest to the patient’s home, in both districts for completion.Problems - An increasing number of women are seeking TOP service at late stages of pregnancies and the incidence of severe complications like severe bleeding, retained placenta, infection, amniotic fluid embolism, death etc, are increasing. The hospital’s bed space and budget are stretched to the limit due to the influx of late term TOP to the hospitals. Lack of manpower, especially doctors, in these hospitals also create some problems, as the few doctors available have to attend to other ill patients as well. Sometimes bleeding TOP patients are transfused with blood and placed on a waiting list for theatre and this often increases the risk of complications. The emotional effect of late TOP on hospital staff (doctors and nurses) are enormous as the expelled fetus are much more developed than in early TOP where no fetus is seen at evacuation with simple Manual Vacuum Aspiration (MVA). / South Africa

The current study investigated a model explaining sexual assault victims’ severity of trauma symptoms that incorporated multiple stigma constructs. Integrating the sexual assault literature with the stigma literature, this study sought to better understand trauma-related outcomes of sexual assault by examining three levels of stigma—cultural, social, and self. Results showed self-stigma was significantly and positively related to trauma symptom severity. Thus, results revealed that the internalized aspect of stigma served as a mechanism in the relation between sexual assault severity and increased levels of trauma symptom severity, highlighting the importance of assessing self-stigma in women reporting sexual assault experiences.