<p>Impulsivitet och upplevd kontroll är båda viktiga konstrukt inom</p><p>psykologi. Sambandet mellan dem har varit oklart delvis pga</p><p>otydlighet och oenighet gällande impulsivitetsbegreppet. På senare tid</p><p>har nya teoretiska modeller av impulsivitet som ett mångfasetterat</p><p>konstrukt utvecklats. Syftet med denna studie var dels att undersöka</p><p>psykometriska egenskaper hos en svensk översättning av UPPSskalan,</p><p>dels att undersöka sambandet mellan upplevd kontroll och</p><p>impulsivitet med hjälp av den nya UPPS-modellen. Datainsamling</p><p>genomfördes med självskattningsskalor. Deltagare var dels studenter</p><p>(n=66) och dels rättpsykiatriska/frivårdsklienter (n=12). Resultaten</p><p>visade ett signifikant, medelstort och delvis komplext samband mellan</p><p>upplevelser av kontroll och impulsiviteter. Gällande UPPS-modellen</p><p>gav resultat från faktoranalysen stöd för den förväntade underliggande</p><p>strukturen. I ljuset av tidigare forskning fanns en delvis överraskande</p><p>skillnad mellan student- och patientgrupper på två av fyra delskalor.</p>

Impulsivitet och upplevd kontroll är båda viktiga konstrukt inom psykologi. Sambandet mellan dem har varit oklart delvis pga otydlighet och oenighet gällande impulsivitetsbegreppet. På senare tid har nya teoretiska modeller av impulsivitet som ett mångfasetterat konstrukt utvecklats. Syftet med denna studie var dels att undersöka psykometriska egenskaper hos en svensk översättning av UPPSskalan, dels att undersöka sambandet mellan upplevd kontroll och impulsivitet med hjälp av den nya UPPS-modellen. Datainsamling genomfördes med självskattningsskalor. Deltagare var dels studenter (n=66) och dels rättpsykiatriska/frivårdsklienter (n=12). Resultaten visade ett signifikant, medelstort och delvis komplext samband mellan upplevelser av kontroll och impulsiviteter. Gällande UPPS-modellen gav resultat från faktoranalysen stöd för den förväntade underliggande strukturen. I ljuset av tidigare forskning fanns en delvis överraskande skillnad mellan student- och patientgrupper på två av fyra delskalor.

Because of the high levels of violence practiced by the Military Police of Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil), especially if its lethality is taken into consideration, the Pacifying Police Units - Unidades de Polícia Pacificadora (UPPs) in Portuguese - were created in 2008 to work in some favelas (slums or shanty towns) of the state’s capital, the city of Rio de Janeiro. This form of policing became the object of attention of several social scientists due to its apparently less violent action in these specific urban spaces, which are historically marked by a social stigma and constitute a special target for police action. In this thesis, we analyze some of the research work that emphasized the UPPs’ characteristics as possibilities for a new and less violent police. It is argued that, despite the features that make the UPPs to be apparently less violent, it is necessary to take into account several other aspects that sociologically explain the police action in Rio de Janeiro and the UPPs. The social construction of Brazilian citizenship and public space affects the way Brazilians build the notion of equality between individuals and social groups, relating it to similarity between themselves and accepting as natural the unequal treatment given by the state’s institutions. This legal and juridical culture, associated to the new economic and financial context that the city of Rio de Janeiro has been going through in the last years, refers to the necessity of state control over some favelas to be able to increase the value of such urban spaces, through land speculation, in order to achieve a surplus-value by implementing new economic and lucrative activities. This state policy is heavily based on “pacifying” the favelas through the politics of security, in which police play a major and important role. Therefore, the thesis begins by offering an explanation of the Brazilian views of public space and citizenship, resorting to some social scientists studies that dealt with the specifics of those notions in Brazil. Then we elucidate how a documentary analysis was made explaining how the UPPs are understood in Brazil. Later, dissertating about the historical development of favelas and police in Rio de Janeiro, explaining the conjuncture in which the UPPs were implemented and how they are understood. Yet, in our research, we consider that the UPPs are not breaking away from the paradigm of the Military Police of Rio de Janeiro State, but using a different practice to give continuity to a traditional function of policing (repression) and a process that one could call of “criminalization” of favelas.

Prospective memory is colloquially known as “remembering to remember” and refers to forming an intention in the present time to fulfill at some point in the future. It has previously been studied within the context of executive functioning (i.e., purposive and goal directed behavior) and impulsive behaviors (e.g., gambling, risk seeking) within clinical populations. This study sought to further elucidate the relationships of impulsivity and executive functions on prospective memory in a non-clinical population. One hundred and nine undergraduates completed the UPPS-P impulsivity self-report questionnaire, three cognitive tasks measuring components of executive function, (i.e., planning, inhibition, and switching), and a Complex Prospective Memory Task that included Time- and Event-based cues. The UPPS-P and executive function tasks did not significantly predict the Complex Prospective Memory Task. However, executive function was found to be a significant predictor above and beyond that of impulsivity for a component of the Time-based prospective memory task. Implications of the results and future directions are discussed.

<p>Previous research has identified impulsive personality traits as significant risk factors for a wide range of risk-taking behavior, substance use, and clinical problems. Most work has been conducted in primarily White samples, leaving it unclear whether these patterns generalize to racial and ethnic minorities, who have higher rates of negative consequences of substance use behavior. The most widely used assessment of impulsive traits is the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior scale, which has strong psychometric properties across demographic subgroups, such as gender and age; however, data supporting its use in racial and ethnic minorities is less well-developed. The aims of this study are to 1) examine the measurement invariance of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale-Short Form (Cyders et al., 2014) across racial minority groups and 2) determine if impulsive personality traits differentially relate to substance use outcomes across racial groups. Participants were 1301young adults (ages 18-35, fluent in English), recruited through an online survey for both college students at a large public university and Mechanical Turk, a crowdsourcing online platform. Measurement invariance was assessed using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis. Differential validity was assessed using a structural equation modeling framework. I established model fit for each racial group (White group: RMSEA= .067, CFI= .94; Black group: RMSEA= .071, 90% CFI= .952; Asian American group: RMSEA= .073, CFI= .94; Hispanic group: RMSEA=.081, CFI=.934). Based on change in CFI/RMSEA indices, I concluded strong measurement invariance of the Short UPPS-P as a valid scale of impulsive behavior across racial groups. In the White group, findings indicated significant relationships between multiple SUPPS-P traits and alcohol and substance use. In the Asian American group, positive relationships were found between sensation and alcohol use (<i>p</i>=.015) and negative urgency and drug use (<i>p</i>=.020). I found that there were no differences in the relationships between the Short UPPS-P traits and substance use outcomes across White and the racial and ethnic groups studied (<i>p</i>’s>.06). </p>

Ao longo do século XX o Rio passou por amplas reformas urbanas, sempre focadas em pontos estratégicos da cidade. Hoje, mais uma vez, vivenciamos um profundo reordenamento espacial, notadamente na Zona Oeste. No âmbito político da segurança pública, o governo estadual implanta as Unidades de Polícia Pacificadora (UPPs), em comunidades consideradas perigosas pelo poder do tráfico de drogas ali presente. O programa que começou em 2008 com 2 comunidades ocupadas, hoje já atinge 24. A partir daí uma rápida mudança da abordagem do jornal O Globo sobre os problemas da cidade tem acontecido. A violência, que antes era destaque nas páginas desse periódico, de 2009 pra cá vem ocupando um plano secundário. Essa dissertação dedica-se a analisar, através do réveillon carioca, a mudança de enfoque de O Globo sobre o Rio após a eleição da cidade para sediar dois megaeventos de amplitude mundial: a Copa do Mundo de Futebol de 2014, e os Jogos Olímpicos de 2016. / A lo largo del siglo XX, la ciudad del Rio de Janeiro pasó por grandes reformas urbanas, siempre centradas en puntos estratégicos. Hoy día, más una vez estamos experimentando una profunda reorganización espacial, notablemente en la Zona Oeste. En el ámbito político de la seguranza pública, el gobierno estadual implantó las Unidades de Policía Pacificadora (UPPs), en comunidades peligrosas debido el tráfico de drogas. El programa de seguranza que empezó con dos unidades, hoy día atinge veinte cuatro. A partir de ahí un rápido cambio en el abordaje del periódico O Globo acerca de los problemas de la ciudad sucedió. La violencia que antes era destaque en primera plana del periódico, desde 2009 hay ocupado planos secundarios. Esta disertación se dedica a analizar por medio del Reveillón Carioca la mudanza de enfoque del periódico O Globo acerca del Rio después de la elección de la ciudad para recibir dos mega eventos deportivos de connotación mundial: la Copa del Mundo de Fútbol de 2014, y los Juegos Olímpicos de 2016.

Ao longo do século XX o Rio passou por amplas reformas urbanas, sempre focadas em pontos estratégicos da cidade. Hoje, mais uma vez, vivenciamos um profundo reordenamento espacial, notadamente na Zona Oeste. No âmbito político da segurança pública, o governo estadual implanta as Unidades de Polícia Pacificadora (UPPs), em comunidades consideradas perigosas pelo poder do tráfico de drogas ali presente. O programa que começou em 2008 com 2 comunidades ocupadas, hoje já atinge 24. A partir daí uma rápida mudança da abordagem do jornal O Globo sobre os problemas da cidade tem acontecido. A violência, que antes era destaque nas páginas desse periódico, de 2009 pra cá vem ocupando um plano secundário. Essa dissertação dedica-se a analisar, através do réveillon carioca, a mudança de enfoque de O Globo sobre o Rio após a eleição da cidade para sediar dois megaeventos de amplitude mundial: a Copa do Mundo de Futebol de 2014, e os Jogos Olímpicos de 2016. / A lo largo del siglo XX, la ciudad del Rio de Janeiro pasó por grandes reformas urbanas, siempre centradas en puntos estratégicos. Hoy día, más una vez estamos experimentando una profunda reorganización espacial, notablemente en la Zona Oeste. En el ámbito político de la seguranza pública, el gobierno estadual implantó las Unidades de Policía Pacificadora (UPPs), en comunidades peligrosas debido el tráfico de drogas. El programa de seguranza que empezó con dos unidades, hoy día atinge veinte cuatro. A partir de ahí un rápido cambio en el abordaje del periódico O Globo acerca de los problemas de la ciudad sucedió. La violencia que antes era destaque en primera plana del periódico, desde 2009 hay ocupado planos secundarios. Esta disertación se dedica a analizar por medio del Reveillón Carioca la mudanza de enfoque del periódico O Globo acerca del Rio después de la elección de la ciudad para recibir dos mega eventos deportivos de connotación mundial: la Copa del Mundo de Fútbol de 2014, y los Juegos Olímpicos de 2016.

No description available.

Interoception, the signalling, processing, and perceptual representation of the visceral organs, together with trait impulsivity are in the present study examined using the Novel Controllability task (Mancinelli et al., 2021) as individual factors in coping behavior in response to stress. The coping process is conceptualized using the model of regulatory flexibility developed by Bonanno and Burton (2013). The results based on a sample of 39 healthy adults (M = 23,64 years, 22f/17m) do not support the hypothesis that the combined UPPS-P constructs are significantly related to interoception. For the coping process, the results suggest that: Negative Urgency is related to a negative initial appraisal of the stressor context leading to coping rigidity, by limiting the repertoire of strategies and the dynamic function of feedback; Positive Urgency is related to a larger dependency on emotions to guide decision making, motivating a “trial-and-error” coping approach; Sensation Seeking is related with an opposing style of emotion-focused coping where diminished threat perception and reduced sensitivity towards stimulus valence motivate a risk-taking approach, likely to pursue stimulation; Lack of Premeditation, the only facet of impulsivity convincingly related to interoception, is speculated to be associated with a dysregulation of interoceptive afferents facilitating a “here-and-now” attentional and coping focus. Despite lacking full support, the potential involvement of interoception as an internal stressor is discussed as a mediator in impulsive behavior, alongside general methodological issues with measuring interoception.

No description available.