Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-04-10T14:45:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 brunabastoslima.pdf: 21991046 bytes, checksum: 0d2b9c8264e3dec7cc2ff3db57180df9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-04-11T11:38:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 brunabastoslima.pdf: 21991046 bytes, checksum: 0d2b9c8264e3dec7cc2ff3db57180df9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-11T11:38:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 brunabastoslima.pdf: 21991046 bytes, checksum: 0d2b9c8264e3dec7cc2ff3db57180df9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-30 / As características do espaço urbano, em suas dimensões ambiental, social e econômica, e as práticas de planejamento urbano podem afetar o bem-estar e a saúde da população. Por esse motivo o entorno físico do local de moradia tem sido objeto de estudo em várias áreas do conhecimento. No entanto, apesar do crescente interesse nesse tema, o estudo do impacto dos atributos urbanos de uma unidade de contexto ainda é pouco desenvolvido. Como objeto de estudo temos duas Regiões Urbanas (RU) da cidade de Juiz de Fora, MG selecionadas por terem Índices de Desenvolvimento Social (IDS) semelhantes, e dados de saúde diferentes: a RU Esplanada possui baixos índices de internação, enquanto a RU Vila Furtado de Menezes, ao contrário, possui altos índices. Desta forma, a investigação avança para o campo do urbanismo a fim de se verificar se os atributos físicos das regiões urbanas poderiam indicar a diferença entre a sua saúde urbana. Portanto a intenção desta pesquisa é analisar o ambiente urbano de maneira comparativa, visando a avaliação do espaço urbano e qualidade ambiental que justifique a diferença entre os dados de saúde. Quanto aos procedimentos, este trabalho se configura como uma pesquisa de natureza descritiva e exploratória que utiliza tanto métodos qualitativos quanto quantitativos para permitir uma ampla abordagem do objeto de estudo, que se utilizou de levantamentos bibliográficos, levantamentos documentais e levantamentos físicos. O elevado número de ferramentas e análises feitas neste trabalho foram capazes de eliminar vieses e de apontar direções para a continuidade das pesquisas, já que diante da efetiva comparação dos resultados entre as ferramentas aplicadas, os dois bairros se mostraram semelhantes no que diz respeito as qualificações urbanísticas. Uma alternativa a essa questão é buscar a contribuição de outras áreas do conhecimento para possibilitar novas abordagens do objeto de estudo. / The characteristics of urban space in its environmental, social and economic, and urban planning practices can affect the welfare and health of the population. Therefore, physical surroundings of residences have been studied in various fields of knowledge. However, despite the increasing interest in this subject, the study of the impact of urban attributes of a context of unity in public health is still poorly developed. For that reason, the intent of this research is to analyze the urban environment comparatively, assessing urban space and environmental quality, and its relation to health. Two Urban Regions (RU) in the city of Juiz de Fora, MG were selected as object of this study for having Social Development Index (IDS) similar and different health data: the RU Esplanada has low commitment levels, while the RU Vila Furtado de Menezes, in contrast, has higher rates. Thus, the research advances to the urban planning field in order to verify whether the physical attributes of urban areas can indicate the difference between urban health. As for the procedures, this work is configured as a descriptive and exploratory research using both qualitative and quantitative methods to allow a broader approach to the object of study. Literature surveys, documentary surveys and physical surveys were used. The high number of tools and analyzes in this study were able to eliminate bias and have pointed directions for further studies. Comparing the results among the tools applied, the two neighborhoods were similar regarding the urbanistic qualifications. An alternative to this is to seek in a multidisciplinary way, contributions of other areas of knowledge and insights in support for new research directions. The indicative results from such studies can guide efforts to intervene in the environment where people live, in order to promote behavioral changes that improve the quality of life and health.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2015-12-07T11:09:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 nicoleandradedarocha.pdf: 5589274 bytes, checksum: e35a9c2511e226e70b29092b3dd7f8b9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2015-12-07T21:39:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nicoleandradedarocha.pdf: 5589274 bytes, checksum: e35a9c2511e226e70b29092b3dd7f8b9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-07T21:39:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nicoleandradedarocha.pdf: 5589274 bytes, checksum: e35a9c2511e226e70b29092b3dd7f8b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-25 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho tem por objetivo principal testar a ferramenta OSS (Observação Social Sistemática) e suas possíveis contribuições para a arquitetura e urbanismo, de forma a aprofundar nos estudos análiticos da realidade urbana e arquitetônica brasileira, visando uma leitura adequada do espaço urbano, tanto físico, quanto formal, que permita compreender o espaço enquanto lugar e as relações que são desenvolvidas nesse contexto. Para tanto, o estudo foi aplicado em duas Regiões Urbanas (RU) de Juiz de Fora- MG, dividido em quatro etapas de estudos: na etapa quali-quantitativa (1), foi realizada uma busca sistemática no Periódicos Capes através de palavras-chave relacionados com o estudo em questão, buscando desta forma, conhecer o estado da arte, métodos mais utilizados e o contexto de aplicação das ferramentas analisadas, que possibilitassem as realizações das análises qualitativa do espaço urbano; na etapa prática (2), aplicou-se a ferramenta nas áreas selecionadas e após a compilações dos dados, expôs-se os resultados encontrados; na etapa de discussão dos resultado (3), buscou-se identificar a aplicabilidade e as limitações do uso da ferramenta; e na etapa final, realizou-se as conclusões e considerações finais (4). Entre os resultados encontrados, conclui-se que a flexibilidade destaca-se entre as vantagens da OSS, já que é possível adaptá-la há vários objetos de estudos e as várias áreas do conhecimento, uma vez que utiliza o levantamento quantitativo dos elementos da paisagem permitindo concomitantemente analises qualitativa da mesma, oportunizando o direcionamento da pesquisa de acordo com enfoco da área estudada. Entretanto, a ferramenta possibilita a análise apenas da camada mais próxima da paisagem, sem explorá-la mais profundamente e em detalhes já que atua na escala do pedestre. Além disso, a OSS se mostra interessante ao propor um processo rápido e barato da captação das camadas da paisagem mais próxima do observador. Desta forma, quando buscamos respostas, na arquitetura e urbanismo, para as questões que envolvem métricas do espaço urbano a partir de estudos sistemáticos, qualitativos e quantitativos, percebemos que existem poucos estudos desenvolvidos nesse sentido. Talvez, uma alternativa a essa questão seja o de buscar, em outras áreas do conhecimento (que é multidisciplinar), a contribuição e apoio pautados nos princípios heurísticos permitindo novos rumos para a pesquisa. / This work has as main objective to test the OSS tool (Social Systematic Observation) and their contributions to the study of architecture and urbanism, in order to deepen the analytical studies of urban reality and Brazilian architectural, seeking a proper reading of urban space, both physical, as formal, in order to understand the space as a place and the relationships that are developed in this context. Therefore, the study was applied in two Urban Regions (RU) in Juiz de Fora - MG, the study was divided into four stages: Qualitative and quantitative stage (1), was a systematic search in Portal Periodicos Capes through keywords related to the study in question, looking this way, knowing the state of the art, methods more used and the application context of the analyzed tools that would enable the achievements of qualitative analysis of urban space; Practice stage (2) in which the tool was applied in selected areas and after compilation of data and was explained the results; Discussion of the result (3), we sought to identify the applicability and limitations of the tool; and in the last stage the final conclusions (4). Among the results, we can conclude that flexibility stands out like advantages of OSS, because it is possible to adapt it for several objects of study and the various areas of knowledge, since it uses the quantitative survey of landscape elements concurrently allowing qualitative analysis thereof. However the tool allows the analysis only in the layer closest to the landscape without exploring it more deeply and in detail. This tool shows interesting on to propose a quick and inexpensive process of capturing the landscape layers in the pedestrian scale, even if it is the closest to the observer. Thus, when we seek answers, in architecture and urbanism, to the issues surrounding metrics of urban space from systematic, qualitative and quantitative studies, we realize that there are few studies in this direction. Perhaps an alternative to this question is to seek, in other areas of knowledge that is multidisciplinary, the contribution of knowledge, support and insights for new directions of research.

Urban areas cover 2% of the Earth’s land surface, host more than 50% of global population and are estimated to account for around 75% of CO2 emissions from global energy use. In order to mitigate existing and future direct and indirect environmental pressures resulting from urban resource use, it is necessary to investigate and better understand resource and pollution flows associated with urban systems.Current urban environmental assessment methodologies enable the quantification of resource use and pollution emissions flows entering, becoming stocked and exiting urban areas. While these methodologies enable to estimate the environmental effect of cities, they often consider urban areas as being static and homogeneous systems. This partial and simplistic representation shadows the complex spatio-temporal interrelationships between the local context and its associated local and global environmental pressures. This characterisation of urban systems is a significant limitation, not only for the urban environmental assessments, but also for the identification of their drivers as it may lead to inadequate urban environmental policies. To overcome this limitation and effectively reduce glocal urban environmental pressures, it is necessary to better understand the complex functioning of cities and identify their drivers.This research developed a comprehensive urban environmental assessment framework that helps to better explicit and understand the complex relationship between an urban system and its environmental profile in a systemic and systematic way. This framework was applied to the case study of Brussels Capital Region (BCR).Results from the application of this framework show that urban systems are neither static nor homogeneous. In fact, different relationships between the urban and metabolic profiles appear when considering different spatial scales and temporal intervals as well as different urban and metabolic metrics. The establishment of BCR’s urban profile showed that components that shape the urban system evolve in an organic way over time. Moreover, the spatial expression of an urban system portrays its heterogeneous aspect and how different metrics of the same urban indicator can reveal distinct facets and challenges for an urban area or a neighbourhood. Finally, it was demonstrated that the relationship between urban indicators is different for each spatial scale and therefore knowledge from one spatial scale is not necessarily transferable from one scale to another. The establishment and analysis of BCR’s metabolic profile also underlined the complex functioning of cities as each flow has a different temporal evolution and spatial expression. Due to the multifaceted and intertwined aspect of metabolic flows it becomes clear that no single parameter enables to explain or predict their behaviour. This leads to the conclusion that a great number of questions still need to be considered, understood and answered before effectively and coherently reducing environmental pressures from cities. The developed framework proposes a number of concrete steps that enable existing and new cities to better understand their metabolic functioning and ultimately transition towards less environmentally harmful futures. / Doctorat en Art de bâtir et urbanisme (Polytechnique) / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished