Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-88).

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 150-162).

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves i-iv).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 422-449).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1989. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 257-276).

The theme of this research is the emergency of tourist urbanization based on hotel chain of Maceió – Alagoas. Our goal is to investigate the process of urbanization of the city of Maceió from the implantation of its hotel network. The realization of this study is justified by the recent expansion of the hotel chain in Maceió, which extended mainly along the seafront of the city, including the expansion of the urban space. We used a qualitative methodology by collecting data from photographic survey, research in public and private agencies, annotations in the field book and non-directive interviews. After this, all collect data was analyzed together. We add a bibliographical review listing concepts and propositions of the main authors who study tourist urbanization, tourism and leisure, urban space and the main agents producing tourism. This theoretical framework supports data analysis. The results indicate the existence of four phases on Maceió hotel chain development. The installation of the hotels began in the center of the city. On that time, the demand to hotels was to bureaucratic questions linked to the State. In this perspective, we verified that the buildings from the hotels in de center are deprived and used to other purposes nowadays. The installation of new equipment in other sites redefined the destination of lodging in the capital of Alagoas. The increased in tourist demand contributed to install new equipment in areas that were being incorporated into the initial urban space. We note that the second phase of expansion took place around Praia da Avenida, having its apogee until the eighties of the twentieth century. After this, a third phase of installation of the hotel chain started in Pajuçara, Ponta Verde and Jatiúca arises. The fourth phase corresponds to installation of large tourist enterprises such as the various resorts, as well as a large number of hotels in the neighborhoods located in the north of the capital, such as Cruz das Almas, Ipioca, Riacho Doce, Pescaria, Jacarecica and Guaxuma. We can attest that Maceió, for having become a tourist destination of great prominence in the last two decades, has obtained an increase in the number of new equipment of accomodation, mainly for being a destiny of sun and beach mass tourism. In view of the above, the results of this dissertation can contribute to new studies to generate knowledge and increase the number of publications on this subject little publicized in the literature. / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / Esta pesquisa tem como tema a emergência da urbanização turística com base na rede hoteleira da cidade de Maceió-Alagoas, tendo por objetivo investigar o processo de urbanização turística da cidade de Maceió a partir da implantação da sua rede hoteleira. A realização deste estudo se justifica devido à recente expansão da rede hoteleira em Maceió, que se estendeu, principalmente, ao longo da orla marítima da cidade, inclusive, provocando ampliação do espaço urbano em foco. A metodologia utilizada adota uma abordagem de cunho qualitativo, a coleta dos dados foi realizada por meio de levantamento fotográfico, pesquisa em órgãos públicos e privados, anotações em caderneta de campo e entrevistas não diretivas. Os dados foram analisados com base nas entrevistas, documentos coletados e fotografias. Acrescentamos como fundamentação teórica para o desenvolvimento desse estudo uma revisão bibliográfica elencando conceitos e proposições dos principais autores que estudam a urbanização turística, turismo e lazer, o espaço urbano e os principais agentes produtores do turismo. Esse arcabouço teórico fundamenta a análise dos dados coletados na pesquisa de campo. Os resultados indicam a existência de quatro fases da rede hoteleira de Maceió. A instalação dos hotéis iniciou-se no centro da cidade, já que a demanda da época, era voltada especificamente para questões burocráticas ligadas ao Estado. Nessa perspectiva, constatamos que muitos dos imóveis que abrigaram os primeiros hotéis estão descaracterizados e sendo utilizados para outros fins, pois com os novos equipamentos instalados estes redefiniram o destino de hospedagem na capital alagoana. Com o aumento natural da demanda na capital e também com o incremento inicial do turismo, novos equipamentos começaram a se instalar em novas áreas que foram sendo incorporadas ao espaço urbano inicial. Atesta-se que a segunda fase de expansão ocorreu em torno da Praia da Avenida, tendo o seu apogeu até os anos oitenta do século XX, pois surge uma terceira fase com instalação da rede hoteleira nas orlas de Pajuçara, Ponta Verde e Jatiúca. A quarta fase pode ser considerada a partir da instalação de empreendimentos turísticos de grande porte a exemplo dos vários resorts, assim como, uma grande quantidade de hotéis que foram instalados nos bairros localizados no norte da capital, a exemplo de Cruz das Almas, Ipioca, Riacho Doce, Pescaria, Jacarecica e Guaxuma. Maceió por ter se tornado um destino turístico de grande destaque nas duas últimas décadas obteve um acréscimo no número de novos equipamentos hoteleiros instalados, principalmente por ser um destino de sol e praia voltado para turismo de massa. Diante do exposto, os resultados dessa dissertação podem contribuir para que novos estudos sejam realizados gerando conhecimento e aumentando o número de publicações sobre a temática ainda pouco divulgada na literatura.

Thesis (MTech (Town and Regional Planning))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010. / The accelerated influx of migrants into Windhoek after the attainment of independence in 1990 caused progressive settlement growth on open council-owned land as well as considerable shelter and servicing problems for the Windhoek City Council (WCC). This study analyses the spatial growth of informal settlements in Windhoek over a 10 year period from 1998 to 2008. The study use GIS as a tool to measure and analyse the spatial growth and development of informal settlements. It involves the mapping exercise to generate a sequential process of assessing the feasibility study that helped in the selection of two detailed case studies. Results of the analysis show two patterns of informal settlement development: between 1998-2003 and 2003 to 2008. The first is the acceleration of development of shanty towns immediately after independence to 1988 as associated with processes of spatial consolidation and densification in the former period and increased sprawl in the latter period. Second the study analysed the socio-economic characteristics of informal settlements. This was complemented by livelihood assessment (LA) that was used in identifying the types of livelihoods and coping mechanisms used by residents of informal settlements. The livelihoods assessment clearly shows that most of the people in informal settlements rely heavily on informal sector activities for a living. In-depth interviews were conducted with selected households to explore their coping strategies and survival mechanisms and also to determine how their earnings are being distributed. The continued growth of squalid and unplanned informal settlements is a clear indication that policies and practices need further intervention and regularization. The establishment of reception areas between 1991 and 1999 proved futile. The reception areas attracted more people instead of controlling the growth. Pit latrine toilets are provided in all the settlements but people do not use them and this is a major human and environmental threat. The study shows that the population growth has a significant impact on the growth of informal settlements in Windhoek. The study also shows that the livelihood assessment of households assist with a better understanding of household’s coping mechanisms and this will assist the city Council in making informed decisions when addressing the needs of the people. Livelihood assessment is a tool that assists with the better understanding of the affordability levels of lowincome people, therefore assisting the city Council in providing services that align with the affordability levels of the residents.

A historiografia local, ao longo de vários anos, tem creditado à produção de açúcar e a aos engenhos, e posteriormente às usinas, o papel preponderante na formação da sociedade alagoana de uma forma geral, inclusive de sua materialidade. Entretanto, fontes documentais do século XVIII demonstram que, ao menos nesse período, outros agentes contribuíram intensamente, com igual, ou talvez maior, importância no processo de urbanização de Alagoas. Em um único manuscrito, localizado na Biblioteca Nacional, por exemplo, a quantidade de fazendas de gado é mais do que o dobro do número de engenhos. Outro aspecto que este mesmo documento demonstra é a coexistência de diversas atividades em uma mesma região, contradizendo a espacialização produtiva afirmada pela historiografia. Neste sentido, a presente tese consiste em um esforço de investigação, com base no cruzamento de uma historiografia local com as fontes documentais do século XVIII,sobre o processo de formação urbana de Alagoas, buscando um olhar mais ampliado sobre outros aspectos importantes nesse processo.Considerando o território uma composição de múltiplas camadas de significados,amalgamadas ao longo do tempo, mas que estão em uma constante transformação,ocasionando assim o acúmulo de processos, formas e expressões de tempo, o principal objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir para a compreensão do processo de urbanização de Alagoas durante o período colonial, com enfoque nos movimentos ocorridos durante o século XVIII, a partir da análise da atuação de diferentes agentes determinantes, bem como da relação entre eles. / The local historiography, over several years, has credited to the sugar production and to the mills, the preponderant role in the formation of the Alagoan society in general, including its materiality. However, documentary sources of the eighteenth century show that, at least in this period, other agents contributed intensely, with equal or perhaps greater importance in the process of urbanization of Alagoas. In a single manuscript, located in the National Library, for example, the number of cattle farms is more than twice the number of mills. Another aspect that this same document demonstrates is the coexistence of several activities in the same region, contradicting the productive spatialization affirmed by historiography. In this sense, the present thesis consists of a research effort, based on the intersection of a local historiography with documentary sources of the eighteenth century, on the process of urban formation of Alagoas, seeking a broader look at other important aspects in this process. Considering the territory a composition of multiple layers of meanings, amalgamated over time, but that are in a constant transformation, thus causing the accumulation of processes, forms and expressions of time, the main objective of this work is to contribute to the understanding of the process of urbanization of Alagoas during the colonial period, focusing on the movements that occurred during the eighteenth century, based on the analysis of the performance of different determining agents, as well as the relationship between them.

In the last half century, gun ownership has been one of the most hotly debated topics in the United States. The right to bear arms was written into the U. S. Constitution and into the hearts and minds of its citizens. During the last half century, however, numerous gun control laws have been enacted at Federal, state and local levels, and it can be argued (plausibly or not) that part of the legislative intent has been to decrease the number of gun owning households in the United States. For many decades, this number hovered at one half of all households (Wright, 1995). The possible success of these gun control efforts is suggested by an apparent and rather sharp decline in the ownership percentage beginning in the 1990s. In 2000, the household gun ownership rate had decreased to 32.5% (according to the General Social Survey). The question raised in this thesis is how to account for declining gun ownership. More specifically, I ask if there has in fact been a decline in ownership, or whether the apparent decline is an illusion resulting from changing demographics. A third possibility, that social norms have changed such that admitting gun ownership in surveys is now more problematic for many people, is also considered and seems, indeed, to be the most telling line of explanation.

No description available.