Texte remanié de: Habilitationsschrift--Evangelisch-Theologische Fakultät--München--Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 1993. / Contient en annexe : "Eine Predigt, warum Christus den Glauben ein Werk Gottes genannt habe, was der rechte christliche Glaube sei, und warum man sage, allein der Glaube mache fromm" / Urbanus Rhegius. Bibliogr. p. [362]-377. Index.

Inaug.-dis.-Freiburg im Breisgau. / Vita. "Bibliographie": p. [105]-116.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität zu Münster i. Westf., 1934. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-97).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität zu Münster i. Westf., 1934. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-97).

Orientadores: Paulo Sergio Moreira Carvalho de Oliveira, Andre Victor Lucci Freitas / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T07:47:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moraes_AliceRamosde_M.pdf: 978814 bytes, checksum: c7ab335564cf485af296179b41d1ca80 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: 1. O presente trabalho investiga aspectos comportamentais e de história natural de duas espécies de lepidópteros que se alimentam de Urera baccifera (Urticaceae), uma planta visitada por 22 espécies de formigas. Ambas as espécies, Pleuroptya silicalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) e Urbanus esmeraldus (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae), constróem abrigos foliares e apresentam diferentes mecanismos de defesa contra predação. Por exemplo, quando perturbadas, larvas de P. silicalis sacodem o corpo violentamente, jogam-se da folha, mordem e regurgitam. Larvas de U. esmeraldus mordem e regurgitam, apenas. Ambas as espécies preferem folhas maduras, passam por cinco estádios de desenvolvimento e apresentam características comuns a outros membros de suas famílias. 2. Pleuroptya silicalis constrói abrigos foliares em forma de tubo, enchendo-os com seda e fezes, sendo comum encontrar vários indivíduos no mesmo abrigo. Já Urbanus esmeraldus constrói dois tipos de abrigos foliares ao longo de seu desenvolvimento e apenas uma larva é encontrada em cada abrigo. 3. Abrigos foliares artificiais, similares aos abrigos de P. silicalis (porém sem fezes ou seda dentro) não fornecem proteção a cupins, usados como herbívoros simulados. As fezes também não provocam mudanças de comportamento em formigas no laboratório, não as atraindo aos abrigos ou repelindo dos mesmos. As fezes podem, entretanto, funcionar como barreira mecânica, dificultando o acesso ao interior do abrigo. 4. Urbanus esmeraldus lança suas fezes a grandes distâncias. Experimentos demonstraram que fezes no chão induzem formigas a subirem na planta hospedeira. Por outro lado, fezes arremessadas longe da base da planta não produzem o mesmo efeito. Além disso, larvas de 5º estádio cortam o pecíolo das folhas em que descansam, e das quais se alimentam, tornando-as murchas precocemente. Uma vez que formigas conseguem transpor o pecíolo cortado, este comportamento pode estar relacionado à redução de predação por aves, já que estas podem utilizar sinais visuais indicativos de presença e/ou atividade de lagartas no forrageamento. O corte do pecíolo pode ainda reduzir o parasitismo das larvas (prejudicando a transmissão de vibrações provenientes da lagarta e dificultando a ação de parasitóides que dependam deste tipo de sinal para localização do hospedeiro), ou mesmo acelerar a eliminação de compostos secundários da planta. Tais hipóteses, entretanto, precisariam ser testadas. 5. Durante o ano de 2006, a presença de formigas não foi suficiente para diminuir a infestação por todas as espécies de lepidópteros de Urera baccifera, ao contrário do observado em anos anteriores (2003 e 2004). Esta variação temporal pode ser explicada por uma diferença na abundância dos herbívoros (mais abundantes em 2006), determinando assim o nível de sucesso das formigas na proteção à planta / Abstract: 1. This work investigates the biology and behaviour of two lepidopteran species that feed on the nettle Urera baccifera (Urticaceae). The plant is visited by 22 ant species, which are attracted by the nettle's fleshy fruits and pearl bodies. Larvae of both species build leaf shelters: Pleuroptya silicalis (Crambidae: Pyraustinae) makes leaf rolls, and Urbanus esmeraldus (Hesperiidae: Pyrginae) builds two different kinds of shelters (peaked-roof shelters and leaf folds). Both species have 5 instars of development and present morphological and behavioural similarities to other members in each of their families. 2. Larvae of P. silicalis fill the leaf rolls with silk and faeces (frass). Artificial rolls, very similar in shape and size, but without silk or frass, did not prevent termite workers glued on the inside from being preyed by ants. Although frass did not alter the behaviour of ant foragers in the laboratory, faecal pellets could play an important role against predators and parasitoids by mechanically preventing them from entering the roll. 3. Larvae of Urbanus esmeraldus throw their faecal pellets at great distances. We experimentally demonstrated that frass located near the base of an artificial shrub induce foraging ants to climb on the plant in greater numbers than faecal pellets 30 cm away from the plant. Thus frass ejection influences directly larval vulnerability to ants. 4. Fifth-instar larvae of U. esmeraldus cut the petiole of the leaves they rest and feed. Ants, however, are not deterred by the cut petiole and it is suggested that this larval behaviour could be related with avian predation pressure. Because the cut leaves soon wither, the visual effect can be deceptive for insectivorous birds that tend to forage more often on healthy leaves. Alternatively, cutting the leaf could reduce the plant¿s secondary compounds, or decrease attack by parasitoids that use leafborne vibrations to locate their hosts. 5. In 2006 ant presence did not affect infestation by lepidopteran larvae on U.baccifera shrubs. Although ants have been reported by other authors to decrease caterpillar infestation in previous years, at increased herbivore abundance ant visitation may not be sufficient to suppress caterpillars on hostplants / Mestrado / Mestre em Ecologia

Orientadores: João Vasconcellos Neto, Gustavo Quevedo Romero / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T13:43:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Franco_MaiceSiqueira_M.pdf: 4732634 bytes, checksum: c376185a517679f481877ebaf184007e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Populações interagem entre si, havendo competição por recurso e, isso acarreta em flutuações na abundância dos indivíduos. As interações tritróficas entre plantas, herbívoros e parasitoides influenciam quantitativamente as atividades de um nível adjacente. Estudos sobre essa interação são importantes para maior compreensão da dinâmica populacional e estudo da biologia dos indivíduos envolvidos. Neste estudo, analisou-se a interação entre a leguminosa Desmodium uncinatum (Jacq.) DC., a borboleta Urbanus esta Evans 1952 e seus parasitoides, como terceiro nível trófico. D. uncinatum apresenta tricomas uncinados por toda extensão caulinar como estrutura de defesa contra herbívoros, aprisionando-os. No entanto, larvas de U. esta conseguem ultrapassar a barreira mecânica, cortando os tricomas com suas mandíbulas, ao mesmo tempo que emite fios de seda, que facilitam seu deslocamento pelo caule. Essa espécie de borboleta é controlada por parasitoides de ovos (Trichogramma sp. ¿ Chalcidoidea: Trichogrammatidae) e parasitoides de larvas (Xanthocampoplex sp. - Ichneumonidae e, Chrysotachina sp. - Tachinidae). Constatou-se que, D. uncinatum apresenta sazonalidade bem definida ao longo do ano, onde possui pico de desenvolvimento no período chuvoso; no início do período seco a planta se reproduz e, logo após essa fase a planta seca, restando apenas o rizoma. Esta planta é mais atacada por herbívoros no outono, período que precede a estação seca, já que após esse período a planta seca e limita o desenvolvimento dos herbívoros. Portanto, variáveis meteorológicas influenciam a fenologia de D. uncinatum, que influenciam a dinâmica dos herbívoros e, consequentemente, dos parasitoides. Além dos parasitoides regulando insetos fitófagos, tricomas uncinados presentes nesta planta são estruturas de defesa eficientes, aprisionando diversas espécies de herbívoros. No entanto, os animais que ficam aderidos aos tricomas não apresentam contribuição nutricional significativa para esta planta. Assim como, tomísideos (Misumenops argenteus), que se alimentam de insetos aderidos aos tricomas e defecam sobre a planta, não contribuem nutricionalmente para a planta de forma significativa / Abstract: Populations interact with each other, having competition for resources and this leads to fluctuations in the abundance of individuals. The tritrophic interactions between plants, herbivores and parasitoids quantitatively influence activities of an adjacent level. Studies of this interaction are important for a better understanding of population dynamics and study of the biology of the individuals involved. This research aimed to analyze the interaction between the legume Desmodium uncinatum (Jacq.) DC., the butterfly Urbanus esta Evans 1952 and their parasitoids, as the third trophic level. D. uncinatum presents uncinate trichomes throughout extension stem as a defense structure against herbivores, trapping them. However, U. esta larvae can overcome this mechanical barrier, cutting the trichomes with its jaws developed, while sending silk, facilitating its displacement by the stem. Nevertheless, this kind of butterfly is controlled by egg parasitoids (Trichogramma sp. ¿ Chalcidoidea: Trichogrammatidae) and larvae parasitoids (Xanthocampoplex sp. ¿ Ichneumonidae and Chrysotachina sp. - Tachinidae). It was found that D. uncinatum has well-defined seasonality throughout the year, which a development peak in the rain season; at the beginning of the dry season the plant reproduces and, shortly after this phase the plant dries, leaving only the rhizome. This plant is most attacked by herbivores in the fall season, period before the dry season, because after this period plant dry and limit the development of herbivores. Therefore, meteorological variables influence the phenology of D. uncinatum, which influence the herbivores¿ dynamics and, consequently, of their parasitoids. In addition to the parasitoids regulating phytophagous insects, uncinate trichomes presents in this plant are efficient defense structures, trapping several species of herbivores. However, animals that remain adhered to the trichomes no significant nutritional contribution to the plant. Such as, thomisid spiders (Misumenops argenteus), which feed on insects adhering to trichomes and defecate on the plant, not nutritionally contribute to the plant significantly / Mestrado / Biodiversidade Animal / Mestra em Biologia Animal

William Turner remains an understudied figure of Reformation scholarship. He was a dedicated doctor, scientist, and Lutheran reformer. This thesis examines Turner and his place in the history of ideas. It looks closely at his three editions of A Comparison Betweene the Olde Learnynge and the Newe (1537, 1538, 1548) and explores how these texts fit into the history of ideas and reflect the larger religious debate occurring in England in the 16th century. It also explores Turner's connection to the German reformer Urbanus Rhegius. I argue the connection between these two men and their writings function as a microcosm of the Reformation. / Master of Arts

Satire and counsel recur together in the secular literature of the High and Late Middle Ages. I analyze their collocation in Latin, Old Occitan, and Middle English texts from the twelfth to the fifteenth century in works by Walter Map, Alan of Lille, John of Salisbury, Daniel of Beccles, John Gower, William of Poitiers, Thomas Hoccleve, and John Skelton. As types of discourse, satire and counsel resemble each other in the way they reproduce scenarios of social interaction. Authors combine satire and counsel to reproduce these scenarios according to the protocols of real-life social interaction. Informed by linguistic pragmatics, discourse analysis, sociolinguistics and cultural anthropology, I examine the relational rhetoric of these texts to uncover a sometimes complex and reflective ethical discourse on power which sometimes implicates itself in the practices it condemns. The dissertation draws throughout on sociolinguistic methods for examining verbal interaction between unequals, and assesses what this focus can contribute to recent scholarly debates on the interrelation of social and literary practices in the later Middle Ages. In the first chapter I introduce the concepts and methodologies that inform this dissertation through a detailed consideration of Distinction One of Walter Map’s De nugis curialium . While looking at how Walter Map combines discourses of satire and counsel to negotiate a new social role for the learned cleric at court, I advocate treating satire as a mode of expression more general than ‘literary’ genre and introduce the iii theories and methods that inform my treatment of literary texts as social interaction, considering also how these approaches can complement new historicist interpretation. Chapter two looks at how twelfth-century authors of didactic poetry appropriate relational discourses from school and household to claim the authoritative roles of teacher and father. In the third chapter, I focus on texts that depict relations between princes and courtiers, especially the Prologue of the Confessio Amantis which idealizes its author John Gower as an honest counselor and depicts King Richard II (in its first recension) as receptive to honest counsel. The fourth chapter turns to poets with the uncertain social identities of literate functionaries at court. Articulating their alienation and satirizing the ploys of courtiers—including even satire itself—Thomas Hoccleve in the Regement of Princes and John Skelton in The Bowge of Court undermine the satirist-counselor’s claim to authenticity. In concluding, I consider how this study revises understanding of the genre of satire in the Middle Ages and what such an approach might contribute to the study of Jean de Meun and Geoffrey Chaucer.

Satire and counsel recur together in the secular literature of the High and Late Middle Ages. I analyze their collocation in Latin, Old Occitan, and Middle English texts from the twelfth to the fifteenth century in works by Walter Map, Alan of Lille, John of Salisbury, Daniel of Beccles, John Gower, William of Poitiers, Thomas Hoccleve, and John Skelton. As types of discourse, satire and counsel resemble each other in the way they reproduce scenarios of social interaction. Authors combine satire and counsel to reproduce these scenarios according to the protocols of real-life social interaction. Informed by linguistic pragmatics, discourse analysis, sociolinguistics and cultural anthropology, I examine the relational rhetoric of these texts to uncover a sometimes complex and reflective ethical discourse on power which sometimes implicates itself in the practices it condemns. The dissertation draws throughout on sociolinguistic methods for examining verbal interaction between unequals, and assesses what this focus can contribute to recent scholarly debates on the interrelation of social and literary practices in the later Middle Ages. In the first chapter I introduce the concepts and methodologies that inform this dissertation through a detailed consideration of Distinction One of Walter Map’s De nugis curialium . While looking at how Walter Map combines discourses of satire and counsel to negotiate a new social role for the learned cleric at court, I advocate treating satire as a mode of expression more general than ‘literary’ genre and introduce the iii theories and methods that inform my treatment of literary texts as social interaction, considering also how these approaches can complement new historicist interpretation. Chapter two looks at how twelfth-century authors of didactic poetry appropriate relational discourses from school and household to claim the authoritative roles of teacher and father. In the third chapter, I focus on texts that depict relations between princes and courtiers, especially the Prologue of the Confessio Amantis which idealizes its author John Gower as an honest counselor and depicts King Richard II (in its first recension) as receptive to honest counsel. The fourth chapter turns to poets with the uncertain social identities of literate functionaries at court. Articulating their alienation and satirizing the ploys of courtiers—including even satire itself—Thomas Hoccleve in the Regement of Princes and John Skelton in The Bowge of Court undermine the satirist-counselor’s claim to authenticity. In concluding, I consider how this study revises understanding of the genre of satire in the Middle Ages and what such an approach might contribute to the study of Jean de Meun and Geoffrey Chaucer.