No description available.

Bakgrund: Det är viktigt att som sjuksköterska skapa förståelse för vilken inverkan enurinkateter kan ha på personers liv för att kunna ge en så god omvårdnad som möjligt.Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka patienters erfarenheter av att leva med enurinkateter. Metod: Studien har gjorts genom en strukturerad litteraturstudie med ensystematisk sökning. En analys enligt Fribergs anvisningar utfördes på åtta kvalitativaartiklar. Resultat: Fyra teman identifierades utifrån olika aspekter av hur patientererfor att leva med en urinkateter: Möjligheter och begränsningar i det vardagliga livet,Att inte ha tillräcklig kunskap, Rädsla och obehag samt Självuppfattning ochrelationer med andra. Något som framkom tydligt var betydelsen av hur patienterupplevde introduktionen av katetern och hur det sedan påverkade resten av livet medden. Implikation: För sjuksköterskor är det viktigt att tänka på att patienterna skallleva med katetern i hela livet. För vidare forskning kan det vara intressant att forskakring hur patienterna hanterar svårigheter som uppkommer och hur sjuksköterskankan informera, stödja och förbereda patienterna inför ett liv med katetern. / Background: It is important for nurses to create understanding about the impact aurinary catheter can have on people’s lives to be able to provide as good care aspossible. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of patients livingwith a urinary catheter. Method: The study was conducted through a structuredliterature review with a systematic search. An analysis according to Friberg’sinstructions was performed, based on eight qualitative articles. Results: Four themeswere identified based on different aspects of how patients experienced their lives witha urinary catheter: Possibilities and limitations in everyday life, Not having sufficientknowledge, Fear and discomfort as well as Self-image and relationships with others.Something that became clear was the importance of the patients’ experiencesregarding the introduction of the catheter and how that effected the rest of thepatients’ lives with it. Implication: For nurses, it is important to remember that thepatients must live with the catheter for the rest of their lives. For further research, itmay be interesting to research how patients deal with the problems that arise and hownurses can inform, support and prepare the patients for a life with the catheter.

Biofilm is an increasing problem in the healthcare and have in urinary catheters long been associated with nosocomial urinary tract infections. The infections caused in 2002 alone 13,000 deaths in the US and annual costs have been estimated to over $400 million. These costs are however most likely underestimated. The analysis of biofilm is important to aid the work on increasing patient safety and reducing the financial implications. A literature study was conducted in order to recommend a method for quantification that was fast, accurate and versatile. Methods used for biofilm quantification are primarily based upon light absorption, light scattering and changes in impedance. A few methods utilizing these properties are spectrophotometry, flow cytometry and coulter counters. Samples of biofilm are usually collected via traditional scraping with a sterile blade or with sonication (ultrasound). Flow cytometry was considered the superior method for quantification along with sonication for sample collection. The survey therefore came to the conclusion that biofilm sample collection should be done with sonication and analysis with flow cytometry. / Biofilm är ett ökande problem inom sjukvården och har i urinkatetrar länge varit associerademed sjukvårdsrelaterade urinvägsinfektioner. Infektionerna orsakade under 200213,000 dödsfall i USA och de ekonomiska kostnaderna har uppskattats till över $400miljoner. Kostnaderna antas dock vara underskattade. Analysen av biofilm är viktig förarbetet med att förbättra patientsäkerhet och minska kostnader relaterade till biofilm.En litteraturstudie användes för att rekommendera en metod som var snabb, noggrannoch mångsidig. Mätmetoder som används för kvantifiering är i huvudsak baserade påljusabsorption, ljusspridning samt förändringar i elektrisk impedans. Några metodersom använder detta är t.ex. spektrofotometri, flödescytometri samt coulter counters.Prover av biofilm samlas ofta in via traditionell skrapning med ett sterilt knivblad ellermed hjälp av ultraljud. Flödescytometri ansågs vara den bästa metoden för kvantifieringtillsammans med ultraljud för provtagning. Utifrån undersökningen drogs slutsatsen attprovtagning bör ske med ultraljud och analys med flödescytometri.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:48:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3504.pdf: 1063832 bytes, checksum: 03554173f6a31d037b2307cd0b5dc065 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-17 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Vesical catheterization is one of the most frequently performed invasive interventions in the hospital and its indications are of fundamental importance for the patients that need it. Their insertion, maintenance and withdrawal are under responsibility of nursing team. However, the use of an indwelling catheter can result in complications. In this context, nursing plays a critical role, since most of the complications are likely to be prevented through specific interventions. This study aimed to identify the evidences available in the literature on the risks of injury to the low urinary tract due the use of indwelling catheters and to examine how the risk of injury by the use of indwelling catheters can be approached through the Nursing Diagnosis of the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association - International (NANDA-I). From an integrative literature review, 32 studies were included, 22 were selected from PubMed, 4 in LILACS, 3 in The Cochrane Library and 3 in CINAHL. The predominant studies identified were case studies and actualizations. About the year of publication, 46.9% were published in the interval from 2000 to 2009. About the main investigator 62.5% were physicians ant it was noted a predominance of articles published in journals of urology. Complications identified were grouped into three categories: injuries, complications secondary to injuries and others. From this identification, the factors that contribute to the development of lesions were identified making it possible to perform a fundamental analysis for the identification of risk factors for low urinary tract injury due the use of indwelling catheters. The results revealed an absence in NANDA-I of a nursing diagnosis that portray the human response on the vulnerability of people undergoing the use of indwelling catheters, and it was suggested, based on Scroggins (2010), that a new nursing diagnosis, Risk of injury to the lower urinary tract can be considered to inclusion as a nursing diagnosis. It is expected that the recognition of risk factors relating to this type of injury can contribute to increase the effectiveness in the development of nursing care plans. / O cateterismo vesical de demora é uma das intervenções invasivas mais frequentemente realizadas no ambiente hospitalar e suas indicações são de fundamental importância para os clientes que necessitam desse dispositivo. Sua inserção, manutenção e retirada são de responsabilidade da enfermagem. No entanto, o uso de um cateter vesical de demora pode resultar em complicações. Nesse contexto, a Enfermagem assume papel fundamental, já que grande parte das complicações são passíveis de serem evitadas através de intervenções específicas. Este estudo teve como objetivos identificar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre os riscos de lesão no trato urinário inferior pelo uso do cateter vesical de demora e analisar de que forma a situação de risco de lesão pelo uso do cateter vesical de demora pode ser abordada entre os Diagnósticos de Enfermagem- DE da North American Nursing Diagnosis Association International (NANDA-I). . A partir de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, foram incluídos 32 estudos, sendo 22 selecionados na PubMed, 4 na LILACS, 3 na Biblioteca Cochrane e 3 na CINAHL. Em relação ao delineamento dos estudos, predominaram estudos de caso e atualizações. No que diz respeito ao ano de publicação, 46,9% foram publicados no intervalo de 2000 a 2009. Quanto ao pesquisador principal 62,5% eram profissionais da área médica, notando-se um predomínio de artigos publicados em revistas de urologia. As complicações identificadas foram agrupadas em 3 categorias: lesões, complicações secundárias a lesões e outras. A partir dessa identificação, os fatores contribuintes para o desenvolvimento das lesões também foram identificados, o que possibilitou uma análise fundamental para o levantamento de fatores de risco de lesão no trato urinário pelo uso do cateter vesical de demora. Diante dos resultados encontrados e da ausência, na classificação da NANDA-I, de um diagnóstico de enfermagem que retrate a resposta humana relativa à vulnerabilidade das pessoas que fazem uso do cateter vesical de demora, foi sugerida a inclusão de um novo diagnóstico de enfermagem levando-se em consideração as diretrizes apresentadas por Scroggins (2010), qual seja, Risco de lesão do trato urinário inferior. Espera-se que a partir do reconhecimento dos fatores de riscos relacionados a este tipo de lesão seja possível uma maior efetividade na elaboração de planos de cuidados de enfermagem.

In the United States, many hospitalized patients with indwelling urinary catheters acquire catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) during their hospital stay. CAUTI negatively affects peoples' health and quality of life and causes a financial burden to individuals and the nation. The purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study was to explore the relationship between gender, age, and hospital types and CAUTI incidence in New York and North Carolina over a 3-year period. The theoretical framework of choice was the Donabedian model. Simple logistic regression and hierarchical multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed on archival data that was requested from Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) agency. According to the findings, males (n = 61,040) were at a higher risk of developing CAUTI compared to female (n = 66,792) (p < .001) in New York and North Carolina between 2012 and 2014. The odds of getting CAUTI were much higher among age > = 45 compared to the < 17 years. These findings fit in with previous literature identifying age and gender as having a significant relationship with CAUTI occurrence. The outcomes in this study may guide the formulation of policies that are age-appropriate, gender-specific, and facility-tailored to reduce the incidence of CAUTI.

<p>(From abstract) </p> <p>In the first study, the urine collection method was effectively applied for evaluation of intestinal permeability using Cr-EDTA, an indigestible oral marker, demonstrating the applicability of the procedure in 1-week-old and 6-week-old neonatal heifer calves (n=15 calves). Calf health observations were recorded during the entire urinary catheterization process and collection period to evaluate any negative health reactions to the procedure, or localized reactions. Proportion of localized reactions were analyzed, and the proportions did not exceed 20% for the calves catheterized at either 1 week or 6 weeks of age. </p> <p>In the second study, the developed catheterization procedure and urine collection method was applied using Cr-EDTA as an oral marker to investigate if L-GLN supplementation would offer improvement to intestinal permeability. In this larger study, 30 Holstein heifer calves [1.5 ± 0.5 days old; 37.1 ± 0.86 kg body weight (<strong>BW</strong>)] were blocked by serum total protein, BW, and age, and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: <strong>GLN</strong> [24% crude protein (<strong>CP</strong>)], 17% fat milk replacer (<strong>MR</strong>) +10 g L-GLN/kg MR powder) or <strong>NS</strong> (24% CP, 17% fat MR). MR was reconstituted to 12.5% solids with warm water and fed 3.8 L/calf/d until weaning. Calves were weaned at 56.4 ± 0.5 days of age, and had <em>ad libitum</em> grain (17% CP, 2% fat) and water access throughout the experimental period.</p> <p>During the preweaning period, calves were individually housed in hutches and health observations, which included respiratory and fecal scores, were assessed daily. Body weight was measured weekly, and grain and MR intake was assessed daily to calculate average daily gain (<strong>ADG</strong>), average daily feed intake [<strong>ADFI</strong>; grain intake (dry matter (<strong>DM)</strong> basis) + MR intake (DM basis)], and feed efficiency (<strong>G:F</strong>; ADG:ADFI). At weaning, calves were weighed, moved to pens (n = 3 pens/treatment, 4-5 calves/pen), provided free access to grain and grass hay, and then weighed 2 weeks post-weaning. Additionally, urinary catheters were placed at 1 and 6 weeks of age, and calves were orally dosed with 1 L Cr-EDTA in their MR. Urine samples were then collected over a 24-hr period for Cr output analysis as an <em>in vivo</em>biomarker of intestinal permeability. </p> <p>Blood was collected on study days 1, 2, 5, 7, 14, 21, 42, 56, and 70 to measure haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, leukocyte data, neutrophil: lymphocyte (<strong>N:L</strong>), glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, insulin, and cortisol. Two study periods were identified for data analysis representing greater (<strong>P1</strong>; weeks 1-3) and reduced (<strong>P2</strong>; weeks 4-8) enteric disease susceptibility. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX or PROC MIXED in SAS 9.4 with calf as the experimental unit. There was a decrease in total preweaning Cr output (<em>P</em> < 0.05) for GLN calves, and Cr output in 1 week old calves was decreased (<em>P</em> = 0.04) in GLN versus NS calves. The N:L was decreased overall (<em>P</em> = 0.03) and during P2 (<em>P</em> = 0.01) and P2 neutrophil count tended to be reduced (<em>P</em> = 0.07) in GLN versus NS calves. There were no MR treatment differences for ADFI, ADG, body measurements, post-absorptive metabolic biomarkers, disease scores, and therapeutic treatments (<em>P</em> > 0.10). In summary, L-GLN supplementation improved intestinal integrity and biomarkers of physiological stress in pre-weaned Holstein heifer calves managed under production-relevant conditions.  </p>