Thesis (Ph. D.)--Utah State University, Dept. of Sociology, Social Work and Anthropology, 1976. / Includes bibliographical references.

This thesis investigates managers’ use of power and its relationship to employees’ organisational commitment and job satisfaction and any other potential factors influencing the relationship in Nationalised Commercial Banks (NCBs) in Bangladesh. Earlier research focused only on employees’ perceptions of managers’ use of power in NCBs, and findings indicated a positive relationship between managers’ use of power and employees’ perceptions. The present research differs from the previous studies by linking managers' use of power with employees' organisational outcomes. The objective was to gain insights into ways in which the management of NCBs might use their power to enhance the levels of employees’ commitment and job satisfaction. Data were collected from several sources. Likert-type questionnaires were distributed to 600 employees in three NCBs and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 36 branch managers and four experts on banking. Complete questionnaires (in total 321) were included for data analysis using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and stepwise regression analysis. Both the bank managers and experts on banking interview transcripts were coded according to the interview schedule questions. The findings indicated a relationship between managers’ use of power and procedural justice, and employees’ organisational commitment and job satisfaction in NCBs. In the quantitative findings no significant relationships were found between gender, age, and education level, and power, procedural justice, commitment, and job satisfaction. The qualitative findings, however, suggested that employees’ age and education level were related to criterion variables; but the findings indicated there was no relationship between gender and criterion variables. The results of this study provide insight into how the management of NCBs can enhance the level of their employees’ commitment and job satisfaction. To improve managers’ use of power and its relationships with employees’ commitment and job satisfaction in NCBs in Bangladesh, there have to be changes at the individual and organisational levels. At the individual level improving managers’ power bases would involve basic education and specific job-related training. Managers should also be encouraged to enhance their skills through continuous self-learning. At organisational level top management should provide appropriate reinforcements for managers in learning about and improving their power bases.

Abstract Rainer Stenius (1892–1955) was one of the key figures of Finland’s veterinary profession, who during his career was involved in every aspect of any activity concerning veterinarians. At the peak of his career and his power in the late 1940s he was at the same time the veterinary office manager for animal health at the ministry of agriculture, the president of the Finnish Veterinary Association and the executive director of the College of veterinary medicine. I study Stenius’ activities and his exercise of power in the field of veterinary medicine during 1918–1951. The period was a time of powerful change in medication practices and diagnostics as well as in scientific thought. Women came alongside men in the profession and the College of veterinary medicine was established. I will examine these phenomena through Rainer Stenius, which makes my research two-fold: on the other hand it is history of science and on the other, ideological and personal history which follows an individual’s activities, perceptions and feelings. My principal sources are Stenius’ correspondence, Finnish Veterinary Journal, minutes of meetings as well as memoirs and oral history. I interpret the material through a cultural historical perspective, trying to understand the way past people interacted with each other and their communities. I will show in my research that Stenius was a determined developer of veterinary medicine and at the same time an active authority, who treated his colleagues differently according to his personal preferences. However the disputes between Stenius and his colleagues were often also related to tensions in the veterinary profession and to transition points in the whole field of veterinary medicine. Formally Stenius had power only as an authority and an expert. In practice, he projected his expert power to use economic and political power, even if Stenius acted as being above special interests as a neutral expert. By increasing the visibility and the resources of veterinary medicine, Stenius expanded and maintained his role and the significance of his profession in the society, influencing legislation and justifying significant resources to combat animal disease. / Tiivistelmä Rainer Stenius (1892–1955) oli yksi Suomen eläinlääkärikunnan avainhenkilöistä, joka oli työuransa aikana mukana kaikessa eläinlääkäreitä koskevassa toiminnassa. Uransa ja valtansa huipulla 1940-luvun lopulla hän oli samanaikaisesti maatalousministeriön eläinlääkintöosaston eläintautitoimiston päällikkö, Suomen Eläinlääkäriyhdistyksen puheenjohtaja ja Eläinlääketieteellisen korkeakoulun toiminnanjohtaja. Tutkin Steniuksen toimintaa ja vallankäyttöä eläinlääketieteen kentällä vuosina 1918–1951. Ajanjakso oli eläinlääketieteessä voimakkaan muutoksen aikaa niin lääkityskäytännöissä ja diagnoosien teossa kuin tieteellisessä ajattelussakin, naiset tulivat tuona aikana miesten rinnalle ja Suomeen perustettiin eläinlääketieteellistä opetusta antava korkeakoulu. Tarkastelen näitä ilmiöitä Rainer Steniuksen kautta, jolloin työni on tavallaan kaksijakoinen: toisaalta se on tieteenhistoriaa, toisaalta yksilön toimintaa, käsityksiä ja tunteita valottavaa aate- ja henkilöhistoriaa. Päälähteitäni ovat Steniuksen kirjeenvaihto, Suomen Eläinlääkärilehti, kokouspöytäkirjat sekä muistelmat ja muistitieto. Tulkitsen aineistoani kulttuurihistoriallisesta näkökulmasta pyrkien ymmärtämään menneisyyden ihmisten tapaa merkityksellistää vuorovaikutusta toistensa ja yhteisönsä kanssa. Osoitan tutkimuksessani, että Stenius oli määrätietoinen eläinlääketieteen kehittäjä ja samalla aktiivinen vallankäyttäjä, joka kohteli kollegoitaan eriarvoisesti omien henkilökohtaisten mieltymystensä mukaan. Kuitenkin Steniuksen ja hänen kollegojensa välisissä kiistoissa oli usein kyse myös eläinlääkärin ammattiin liittyvistä jännitteistä ja koko tieteenalan murroskohdista. Muodollisesti Steniuksella oli vain auktoriteetti- ja asiantuntijavaltaa. Käytännössä hän käytti asiantuntijavallan avulla myös taloudellista ja poliittista valtaa, vaikka esiintyi erityisintressien yläpuolella olevana neutraalina asiantuntijana ja yleisen edun vaalijana. Lisätessään eläinlääketieteen näkyvyyttä ja sen saamia resursseja Stenius samalla laajensi ja säilytti omaa ja oman ammattikuntansa yhteiskunnallista roolia ja merkitystä, esimerkiksi vaikuttaessaan lainsäädäntöön tai perustellessaan merkittäviä määrärahoja eläintautien torjuntaan.