Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:44:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BEATRIZ IOLANDA PEIXOTO DE FREITAS.pdf: 760613 bytes, checksum: 6b27c7ff153bcd7af88cfe9656042066 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-31 / The CEASA, of Goiás, located in the city of Goiânia, has a lot of problems with the large quantity of food that is wasted inside its prencises. Lots of vegetables and fruits that can be used are going to the garbage can every day. This problem means a catastrophy to the local economy, specially to the society: beggars come to collect the fruits and vegetables that are in good conditions. In this academic works auctor, I studied the wasted food in the Central of Supply of Goiás and a possible consumer to the processed product that is made of oddment fruits and vegetables. Three researchs were made to check some solutions for that problem. The first one was made in the Central to check the quantity of food that was been wasted. The second one was about the opinion of the employees; they talked about their ideas and solutions for the problem. The last one, made in four institutions, makes an evaluatian if the alternative would have the popular approbation by questionnaires, presentations and movies. The results showed that there is a lot of factors show points to a solution that can be easily implanted and the possible consumers approved the proposition. It was concluded that the processed food is an interesting alternative and could resolve the problem of wasting food and decrease the costs of food for the social institutions. / A Central de Abastecimento de Goiás situada no Município de Goiânia, enfrenta atualmente muitos problemas com a grande quantidade de alimentos desperdiçada dentro de seus domínios. Quantidades estas potencialmente aproveitáveis, que são enviadas para o lixo todos os dias. Este problema gera conseqüências desastrosas para a economia e principalmente para a sociedade; visto que, um grande número de catadores de lixo se aglomera para coletar estas frutas e hortaliças que ainda encontram-se em condições de aproveitamento. Este trabalho estudou e pesquisou à respeito do desperdício de alimentos na Central de Abastecimento de Goiás, de possíveis consumidores para um produto processado à base de sobras de frutas e hortaliças. Foram efetuadas três pesquisas de campo que objetivaram verificar algumas alternativas para o problema. A primeira pesquisa foi realizada na própria Central de Abastecimento de Goiás para verificação da quantidade de alimento que era descartado todos os dias, a segunda pesquisa foi uma pesquisa de opinião em que os funcionários administrativos do expuseram suas idéias à respeito da melhor forma de solução para o problema e a terceira pesquisa de campo, realizada em quatro instituições avaliou se a alternativa apresentada teria aprovação popular através de questionários, palestras e a apresentação de um filme. O trabalho mostrou que existem muitos fatores facilitadores da implementação da proposta. Os resultados demonstram que a possibilidade de implantação é grande e que os possíveis consumidores se mostraram propensos a consumir o alimento processado à base de sobras. Conclui-se desta forma que o alimento processado à base de sobras é uma alternativa interessante e poderá resolver o problema do desperdício de alimentos na Central de Abastecimento de Goiás, diminuindo os custos com alimentação para instituições.

This master thesis deals in first part with options and trends on field of municipal sewage sludge management. Further thesis describes legislation in relation with sewage sludge and its incineration in European union and also in Czech republic. Second part of thesis deals with design of mechanism for material and energetic use of sludge. In design is progressively processed chioce of aparates and material and energetic balance. This data are further used for mechine technical solution of the unit. Disposition of the unit is done acording to chosen and calculated parameter of chosen aparates. Economical evaluate of project if based on investment and operation costs and capacity design of unit in the end of thesis.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MagnaASB.pdf: 1635517 bytes, checksum: df420c88397a6cd630a5381fcef348b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-09-02 / The production of petroleum is frequently accomplished with great volumes of water, that it is carried of the underground with the oil. It is a challenge of the present century the development of technologies that allow the use of waste water for purposes that consume great amounts of water and don't demand as rigid as the one of the drinking water requirements. The solar distillation has been configuring as an alternative of clean technology for desalination of brine and saline. Besides causing the minimum possible damage to the environment, it takes advantage of an abundant and free energy source: the solar energy. That study aims to develop a Solar Distillator for treatment of the produced water of the oil wells, to obtain an efluent to use in agriculture and vapor generation. The methodology for collection, conservation and analysis of the physical-chemical parameters obeyed the norms in APHA (1995). The sampling was of the composed type. Experiments were accomplished in the solar distillation pilot and simulation in thermostatic bathing. The operation was in batch system and for periods of 4, 6 and 12 h. The developed Distillator is of the type simple effect of two waters. It was still tested two inclination angles for covering; 20? and 45?. The Distillator presented minimum of 2,85 L/m2d revenues and maximum of 7,14 L/m2d. The removals of salts were great than 98%. The removal of TOC in the simulation was great than 90%. In agreement with the data of energy and mass balance, it was verified that the developed solar Distillator presented compatible revenues with those found in literature for similar types. It can be inferred that the obtained distilled water assists to the requirements CONAMA in almost all the points and could be used for irrigation of cultures such as cotton and mamona. As the distilled water has characteristics of fresh water it can be used in the generation of vapor / A produ??o de petr?leo ? realizada freq?entemente com grandes volumes de ?gua, que ? carreada do subsolo junto com o ?leo. ? desafio do presente s?culo o desenvolvimento de tecnologias que possibilitem ou uso ou reuso de efluentes para outros fins. A destila??o solar ? uma alternativa de tecnologia limpa para dessaliniza??o de ?guas salobras e salinas. Esse estudo visa desenvolver um Destilador Solar para tratamento da ?gua de produ??o de petr?leo, com vistas a se obter um efluente pass?vel de utiliza??o na agricultura e gera??o de vapor. A metodologia para conserva??o e an?lise dos par?metros f?sico-qu?micos obedeceu preconiza??o do APHA (1995). A amostragem foi do tipo composta. Foram realizados experimentos no destilador solar piloto e simula??o em banho termost?tico. A opera??o foi em sistema de batelada e por per?odos de 4, 6 e 12 h. O destilador desenvolvido ? do tipo simples efeito de duas ?guas. Testou-se ainda dois ?ngulos de inclina??o para cobertura; 20? e 45?. O destilador apresentou rendimentos m?nimo de 2,50 L/m2d e m?ximo de 7,5 L/m2d. As remo??es de sais foram superiores a 98%. A remo??o de TOC na simula??o foi superior a 90%. De acordo com os dados dos balan?os energ?tico e de massa, verificou-se que o destilador solar desenvolvido apresentou rendimentos compat?veis com os encontrados na literatura para seus similares. Enfatiza-se que o isolamento utilizado n?o estava nas condi??es de otimiza??o, logo, esse rendimento pode ser melhorado. Pode-se inferir que a ?gua destilada obtida atende aos requisitos CONAMA em quase todos os pontos, podendo ser utilizada, com ressalvas, na irriga??o de culturas n?o comest?veis como o algod?o e a mamona. Como a ?gua destilada tem caracter?sticas de ?gua doce pode ser utilizada na gera??o de vapor

The aim of the thesis was to design an energy efficient system that uses a waste heat from the operation of distillery and helps to reach energetically active status (in conjunction with the newly designed photovoltaic panels, controlled ventilation with heat recovery and with proper design and material solution) to the newly created housing units. The need of heating is covered by using of waste heat and in the mode of economical (energy saving) operation of households, the photovoltaic panels on the surface produce more electricity than the households consume themselves.