Police use-of-force is a topic of interest to most Americans. High-profile shootings of minority citizens and the increase in ambush death rates of police officers has been problematic by dividing society into segments of harsh critics of an entire profession or supporters of the nation'€™s heroes. While use-of-force is highly researched, most existing work has typically forgone the examination of officer mindset in lieu of the more patent explanatory variables of race, sex, and method. The purpose of this study was to gain insight into the psychological influences of officer motivation from those responsible for providing instruction to police officers. This quantitative study focused on perceptions of Public Attitude Towards Police (PATP) as held by police training officers, specifically Academy Instructors (AIs), Departmental Training Officers (DTOs), and Field Training Officers (FTOs) (N = 120). Conflict and organizational theories provided the theoretical foundation for citizen-police conflict, and departmental influence. Data were collected with a Likert scaled questionnaire to discover and present (a) the impacts of perceptions of (PATP) held by police training officers in eleven departments, and (b) variances of those impacts between the three types of trainers. Simple regression analysis revealed a significant statistical impact of use-of-force training by perceptions of PATP by all groups of police trainers, and one-way between groups analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant difference between impacts of PATP on FTOs in comparison to AIs and DTOs. The present study'€™s results may have a positive impact on social change through the awareness in consideration of mitigating the frequency of use-of-force incidents and increasing safety to law enforcement and the citizenry.

No description available.

The primary aim of this work was to provide an alternative method of synthesis of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug copper indomethacin (Cu-Indo) and to produce alternative forms of the drug to increase its marketability. Dense gases as anti-solvents were used to achieve these aims. The study involved the synthesis, purification, micronisation and co-precipitation of Cu-Indo with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) using dense carbon dioxide as an anti-solvent. Initially the volumetric and solubility behaviours of the solvent???anti-solvent systems were investigated to determine the optimum processing conditions. The solubility of Cu-Indo in an expanded solution was found to be a complex function of the solvent and other solutes. Copper indomethacin was successfully synthesised and purified in a single vessel using dense carbon dioxide as an anti-solvent. Drug yields of 98 % and purities near 100 % were achieved at optimum conditions with the advantages of less residual solvent in the drug, less solvent waste, reduced processing time and increased yields over the conventional synthesis process. Copper indomethacin was produced in a variety of morphologies and particle sizes using dense carbon dioxide as an anti-solvent. An investigation of the effect of process parameters on the particle characteristics showed that solute concentration was the dominant variable. Spherical particles with diameters less than 8 mm were obtained at optimum conditions. The immediate benefit of micronising Cu-Indo was demonstrated with an eight fold increase in dissolution rate when compared to the conventionally produced drug. Polyvinylpyrrolidone was successfully co-precipitated with Cu-Indo using dense carbon dioxide as an anti-solvent. The PVP???Cu-Indo co-precipitates were found to increase the solubility of the drug in ethanol with a 36 fold solubility enhancement at optimum conditions. The use of dense carbon dioxide as anti-solvent in this work demonstrates the potential of the GAS and ASES processes in the pharmaceutical industry. Copper indomethacin was synthesised, purified and micronised in a single vessel at a substantial saving in terms of time and solvent usage. The micronisation of Cu-Indo and the formation of the PVP???Cu-Indo co-precipitate provided alternative forms of the drug substantially increasing its marketability.

Thesis (M.A.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Department of Geography, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references.

A sample of 1,003 women, age 22 in 1983-84 and age 27 in 1988-89, were selected from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Personal, familial, and geopolitical predictors of alcohol consumption were evaluated at each time period and longitudinally. The study integrated macro- and micro-level influences to determine their influence on individual alcohol consumption. Personal and familial were most influential. Availability of alcohol and political economy had little effect on consumption. Mother's history of alcohol abuse was more important than father's. At age 22 education, being married, and having children reduced consumption, as did a prior affiliation with a religion that proscribed the use of alcohol reduced consumption. At age 27 education, being married, and children decreased consumption, but religious affiliation and parent's consumption were not significant. While marital status at age 22 reduced drinking at that age, it lead to greater consumption at age 27. / Graduation date: 1995

Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2005. / 1 electronic text (124 p.: ill. (some col.), maps (some col.)) : digital, PDF file. Title from title screen. Susan Walcott. committee chair; Truman Hartshorn, Elaine Hallisey, committee member. Description based on contents viewed Mar. 30, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-124).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 1985. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-129). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 73-74) Also available in print.

Thesis (M. Sc.(Agric))(Agricultural Economics)--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Includes summary. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-95). Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the past-year prevalence and frequency of condom use and to identify correlates of condom use among young, unattached heterosexual Ontarians. METHODS: Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the 1996/97 Ontario Health Survey (OHS), a cross-sectional, random digit-dialling (RDD) survey of 36,892 Ontario residents of households with a telephone line. RESULTS: Between 1996 and 1997, 61.3% (95% CI=58.5%-64.1%) of the study sample (aged 15-44, n=1,949) reported consistent (always) condom use and 11.8% (95% CI=10.2%-13.5%) reported never using condoms. Significant correlates included, for both sexes, health planning region, age, ethnic origin, and type of smoker; for females only, socio-economic status, age at first sexual intercourse, and past-month oral contraceptive use ; and for males only, number of past-year sexual partners, HIV testing history, and past-year frequency of religious attendance. CONCLUSIONS: Findings constitute a cross-sectional component for examining the long-term trend of condom use in Ontario.