Restricting the effects of a patent These theses are focused on issues of the legal options on the exceptions and limitations to patent rights. At first there is clarified fundamental terminology, especially relation between terms patent and innovation, patentable solution and also effects of the patent. Next chapters relate to the limitation on the patent effects that is the experimental use exception and also so- called Bolar exception; using the invention for non-commercial purposes; institute of compulsory licences; limitation to extemporaneous preparation of medicines in pharmacy, use of patent law articles on foreign vessels, aircrafts, land vehicles not permanently accessing from foreign countries and institute of prior user rights. The author discusses non-commercial use of the invention, which is closely related to the experimental use exception in some countries or the legal institute of compulsory licenses, contemplating negative and positive impacts and moral aspects of that decision. Regarding the scope of the experimental use exception, the author argues that the exception in need is rather narrow rather than broader. In case of compulsory licences, the author is emphasising on fair balance between the interest of patent owner rights and the concerns of nation and also comes with...

Submitted by Paulo Vieira (paulovs@ucb.br) on 2014-06-16T19:52:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Francisca do Nascimento Vieira de Freitas.pdf: 679195 bytes, checksum: aad97a4e13f699c418dcf9da34c3dc1b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Kelson Anthony de Menezes(kelson@ucb.br) on 2014-07-08T15:58:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Francisca do Nascimento Vieira de Freitas.pdf: 679195 bytes, checksum: aad97a4e13f699c418dcf9da34c3dc1b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-08T15:58:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Francisca do Nascimento Vieira de Freitas.pdf: 679195 bytes, checksum: aad97a4e13f699c418dcf9da34c3dc1b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-10T03:54:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) license.txt: 1825 bytes, checksum: af1f5c54585e21e389c880a5a570b7e9 (MD5) Francisca do Nascimento Vieira de Freitas.pdf: 679195 bytes, checksum: aad97a4e13f699c418dcf9da34c3dc1b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-08 / Universidade Católica de Brasília - UCB / Esta é uma reflexão pautada na política de transporte público, no tocante o atendimento aos cidadãos que utilizam o transporte coletivo no Distrito Federal. Neste sentido, este trabalho tem como finalidade, analisar a Política de Transporte Urbano, sua legislação e gestão no DF, com intuito de identificar se há ou não irregularidade na prestação desses serviços prestados a sociedade. Para responder a esse questionamento, a pesquisa situou-se na revisão bibliográfica com vistas a consolidar a reflexão teórica sobre os temas:. Neste artigo foram apresentados e analisados: o histórico do transporte público no mundo; a política de transporte urbano no Brasil; a mobilidade urbana no Brasil, a organização do transporte público coletivo no Distrito Federal; uma reflexão sobre os desafios da política de transporte no DF. Conclui-se que, apesar do esforço do Estado em implementar ações no que diz respeito à política de transporte público urbano de Brasília e do DF, inovando, colocando novos ônibus para integrar a frota nas cidades e os investimentos em infraestrutura, nota-se que o transporte coletivo da capital não tem sido satisfatório no desempenho dos serviços prestados à população e à sociedade como um todo e ainda há muitos desafios a superar. / This is a reflection based on public transport policy , as regards service to citizens using public transportation in the Federal District . Thus, this paper aims to analyze the Urban Transport Policy , its legislation and management in DF , in order to identify whether there are irregularities in the provision of these services to society. To answer this question , the research was situated in the literature review with a view to consolidating the theoretical reflection on the topics . This article were presented and analyzed : the history of public transport 5 in the world ; the urban transport policy in Brazil ; urban mobility in Brazil , the organization of public transportation in the Federal District ; a reflection on the challenges of transport policy in DF . We conclude that , despite the efforts of the State to implement actions with regard to the urban public transport and Brasilia DF policy , innovating , putting new buses to join the fleet in cities and infrastructure investments , we note that public transport in the capital has not been satisfactory in the performance of services for the population and society as a whole and there are still many challenges to overcome .

This thesis discusses the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and its impact on individuals since the GDPR became effective in May 2018. The regulation has had significant implications for companies and organizations that handle user data as it provides fines if they are non-compliance. However, the GDPR was created to protect individuals' privacy and personal data in the European Union (EU), which has added many complexities to companies and individuals. This study aims to provide an experiment with individuals in Sweden to document their knowledge of the regulations and their ability to exercise the rights granted and to know their opinions through interviews with 19 samples of individuals. The research deals with the third chapter more than other chapters of the GDPR. The results revealed a lack of awareness among the participants, with only a small percentage having prior knowledge of the GDPR and lacking a clear understanding of the implications and practical implementation of these rights, despite the participants' enthusiasm when explaining the rights to them. Participants acknowledged the importance of their data and assessed the provisions of the GDPR. They emphasized rights such as access, rectification, and erasure as necessary to protect privacy. After obtaining nearly complete knowledge, the participants could exercise and find the GDPR rights entirely on Swedish sites, except those who were able to find the rights with only a little knowledge. The study highlights the need to enhance individuals' awareness of the GDPR and improve transparency and accessibility of privacy policies.

This thesis investigates the role of prior use in common and statutory trade mark law. In the United States a pertinent requirement is priority of use. In the United Kingdom and South Africa, a reputation must be present. In the United Kingdom a plaintiff is required to have goodwill in the country, but in the United States and South Africa it is not required. The conception of a mark does not qualify for protection. It is not required that a business must have actually entered the market. In the United States the general approach is that a plaintiff will not receive protection in a remote area, but regard must be had to zones of natural expansion. British and South African law is the same, and protection may be obtained in areas where there is no trading. Where a dual reputation exists, neither party will be able to act against the other. The mere fact that the user of a mark was aware of the use thereof by another person, does not exclude protection. A trade mark application can be opposed on the basis of another application, combined with use of a mark, or on the ground of prior use. In some instances the fact that a mark has been filed will influence the burden of proof. In general, a registration can be expunged on the same grounds as would constitute grounds of opposition. The concurrent use of a mark can form the basis for the registration of a mark. In the United States, the use must have taken place prior to the filing date of the other party, but in the United Kingdom and South Africa, prior to the own filing date. In the latter two countries, knowledge of a mark is not necessarily exclusionary. Prior use is generally accepted as a defence to an infringement action. It is, however, noted that in various countries, it is only use prior to the relevant date that will be protected, and there is not necessarily a right to extend the scope of use concerned. / Mercantile Law / LL.D. (Mercantile Law)

This thesis investigates the role of prior use in common and statutory trade mark law. In the United States a pertinent requirement is priority of use. In the United Kingdom and South Africa, a reputation must be present. In the United Kingdom a plaintiff is required to have goodwill in the country, but in the United States and South Africa it is not required. The conception of a mark does not qualify for protection. It is not required that a business must have actually entered the market. In the United States the general approach is that a plaintiff will not receive protection in a remote area, but regard must be had to zones of natural expansion. British and South African law is the same, and protection may be obtained in areas where there is no trading. Where a dual reputation exists, neither party will be able to act against the other. The mere fact that the user of a mark was aware of the use thereof by another person, does not exclude protection. A trade mark application can be opposed on the basis of another application, combined with use of a mark, or on the ground of prior use. In some instances the fact that a mark has been filed will influence the burden of proof. In general, a registration can be expunged on the same grounds as would constitute grounds of opposition. The concurrent use of a mark can form the basis for the registration of a mark. In the United States, the use must have taken place prior to the filing date of the other party, but in the United Kingdom and South Africa, prior to the own filing date. In the latter two countries, knowledge of a mark is not necessarily exclusionary. Prior use is generally accepted as a defence to an infringement action. It is, however, noted that in various countries, it is only use prior to the relevant date that will be protected, and there is not necessarily a right to extend the scope of use concerned. / Mercantile Law / LL.D. (Mercantile Law)

The work deals with internet commerce. It includes analysis and design their own e-shop. The aim was to bring the marketing plan for market entry, assess the achievements and propose a procedure to other years. It can be familiar with basic knowledge about internet marketing, internet business analysis in comparison with the stone business. These general theoretical and practical knowledge is given to about half the work. In the second half is giving its own Internet business, the introduction of the marketing and promotion.