The research presented in this dissertation involves a quantitative study of mathematics teachers' knowledge of formative assessment. Formative assessment is understood as a process in which both teachers and students actively become the agents of the process, responsible for their own knowledge and practice. In this process, formally gathered evidence is used to formulate feedback and inform decisions; and informal evidence (e.g. observation, conversations) is used to generate teacher and peer-feedback to improve learning (Hargreaves, 2005; Wiliam & Leahy, 2015). The focus of the study is on mathematics teachers in state secondary schools in the Brazilian Federal District. The research design employs survey methodology with a structured e-questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed based on six domains of knowledge extracted from existing research literature. The several piloting phases, and a field test conducted with a larger sample, demonstrate the validity and reliability of the instrument and provide information about mathematics teachers' knowledge of formative assessment. The evidence shows that teachers in the Federal District did relatively better in terms of interpreting evidence of students' learning and helping students to use assessment information. On the other hand, they had a relatively lower performance in terms of choosing/developing assessment methods (e.g. classroom activities, discussions) to elicit evidence of students' learning. The overall performance of teachers in the Federal District was lower than that of teachers sampled from the other states of Brazil. The original contribution of this research is methodological in the development, piloting and application of a new instrument to assess mathematics teachers' knowledge of formative assessment; and to knowledge in providing information and a unique insight into Brazilian mathematics teachers' knowledge of formative assessment. There are important implications for policy and practice, focussing on teachers' professional development with regards to formative assessment and clarifying Brazilian teachers' roles as assessors.

The aim of this study was to present a condensed and authentic report of what Mexico has done toward a practical education of the nation. It is also the aim of this study to show the development, the status, and the functioning of the Federal District. The study point out the relation and the needs of this type of education to the social and economic welfare and progress of the Mexican people.

Integrated process models that combine both legal and extralegal variables provide a more accurate specification of the judicial decision making process and capture the complexity of the factors that shape judicial behavior. Judicial decision making theories borrow heavily from U.S. Supreme Court research, however, such theories may not automatically be applicable to the lower federal bench. The author uses vote dilution cases originating in the federal district courts from the years 1965 to 1993 to examine what motivates the behavior of district and circuit court judges. The author uses an integrated process model to assess what factors are important to the adjudication process and if there are significant differences between federal district and appellate court judges in decision making.

O avanço tecnológico e o crescente processo de industrialização vêm progressivamente interferindo e alterando a dinâmica da natureza. Esse avanço, principalmente a partir do século XVIII, colocou definitivamente os interesses das sociedades humanas de um lado e a preservação do meio natural de outro. Muito tempo se passou até que o homem começasse a perceber que o desenvolvimento trazia, além de conforto, praticidade e comodidade, impactos depredatórios à natureza. Nesse cenário, a evolução da eletroeletrônica, mesmo sendo considerado um processo de desenvolvimento “limpo”, também contribui com elementos nocivos ao meio ambiente. A presente pesquisa procurou verificar se a educação ambiental, oferecida pelo Governo do Distrito Federal, no âmbito da Secretaria de Estado de Educação do Distrito Federal (SEDF), conduz a participação dos estudantes e dos professores na busca de soluções para os problemas ambientais referentes aos Resíduos Eletroeletrônicos (REEE). Para que o objetivo da pesquisa fosse alcançado, foram produzidos quatro artigos sobre os resíduos eletroeletrônicos gerados das escolas e a questão da Educação Ambiental (EA) nas escolas públicas do Distrito Federal (DF). Os resultados sugerem que as iniciativas de educação ambiental desenvolvidas pelas escolas públicas do governo no Distrito Federal ainda não são capazes de modificar os hábitos do cidadão, que contribui de forma insatisfatória para a melhoria da qualidade do ambiente; e que é necessária uma reestruturação do ensino como um todo, pois do contrário, não somente a questão dos REEE será possível de se desenvolver nas escolas, como nenhum outro tema poderá ser tratado de forma eficiente e eficaz, junto a uma geração de sociedade futura com consciência crítica tanto em questões ambientais como em outras questões relacionadas, como, cultural, social, política e principalmente econômica, com a situação do consumo consciente. / Technological advances and the increasing industrialization are gradually interfering and changing the dynamics of nature. This advance, especially from the eighteenth century, driven by capitalism definitely placed the interests of human societies on the one hand and the preservation of the natural environment on the other. Much time has passed until the man began to realize that the development brought, in addition to comfort, practicality and convenience, depredators impacts to nature. In this scenario, the evolution of the electronics, even being considered a development mechanism "clean" also contributes to harmful elements to the environment. This study examined whether the environmental education offered by the government of the Federal District, under the SEDF leads to the participation of students and teachers in finding solutions to environmental problems related to WEEE. For the purpose of the research was achieved were produced four articles on electronic waste – WEEE generated's schools and the issue of environmental education - EA in the public schools of the Federal District - DF. The results suggest that environmental education initiatives by public government schools in the Federal District are not able to change the citizen's habits, which contributes poorly to the improvement of environmental quality; and it is necessary a restructuring of education as a whole, otherwise, not only the issue of WEEE will be possible to develop in schools, as no other issue can be dealt with efficiently and effectively. Next to a generation of future society with critical awareness on environmental issues, as in other issues as cultural, social, political and especially economic, with the situation of conscious consumption.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-11-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:40:08Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 barros_jr_dr_rcla.pdf: 2620931 bytes, checksum: 553a51781a828e1f0be6f0edfc071800 (MD5) / Esta tese teve como objetivo investigar a relação entre tipos de tempo e a incidência de doenças respiratórias no Distrito Federal, verificando, ainda, quais as áreas onde a população é mais afetada por tais patologias. A partir de dados obtidos junto ao SUS e a duas unidades de atendimento médico do setor privado foi possível identificar o período referente ao outono e ao inverno como sendo aquele em que a população local mais sofre com complicações das vias aéreas. Posteriormente, com informações numéricas em nível diário dos casos de doenças do trato respiratório e dados meteorológicos obtidos junto ao Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia, foram elaborados gráficos de análise rítmica, que permitiram observar a variação diária do número de internações durante os períodos de outono e inverno dos anos de 2003, 2004 e 2005, verificando, ainda, quais são as condições atmosféricas responsáveis pelo aumento do número de atendimentos por doenças respiratórias, bem como os sistemas que originam tais condições. / The main objective of this work was to investigate the relation between weather types and the incidence of respiratory diseases in the Federal District, verifying, still, which the areas where the population is more affected by such pathologies. From data gotten to the SUS and the two units of medical attendance of the private sector it was possible to identify the referring period to the autumn and to the winter as being that one where the local population more suffers with complications of the aerial ways. Later, with numerical information in daily level of the cases of illnesses of the respiratory treatment and gotten meteorological data in National Institute of Meteorology, they had been elaborated graphical of rhythmic analysis, that they had allowed to observe the daily variation of the number of internments during the periods of autumn and winter of the years 2003, 2004 and 2005, verifying, still, which are the responsible atmospheric conditions for the increase of the number of patients for respiratory diseases, as well as the systems that they originate such conditions.

Resumo: Esta tese teve como objetivo investigar a relação entre tipos de tempo e a incidência de doenças respiratórias no Distrito Federal, verificando, ainda, quais as áreas onde a população é mais afetada por tais patologias. A partir de dados obtidos junto ao SUS e a duas unidades de atendimento médico do setor privado foi possível identificar o período referente ao outono e ao inverno como sendo aquele em que a população local mais sofre com complicações das vias aéreas. Posteriormente, com informações numéricas em nível diário dos casos de doenças do trato respiratório e dados meteorológicos obtidos junto ao Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia, foram elaborados gráficos de análise rítmica, que permitiram observar a variação diária do número de internações durante os períodos de outono e inverno dos anos de 2003, 2004 e 2005, verificando, ainda, quais são as condições atmosféricas responsáveis pelo aumento do número de atendimentos por doenças respiratórias, bem como os sistemas que originam tais condições. / Abstract: The main objective of this work was to investigate the relation between weather types and the incidence of respiratory diseases in the Federal District, verifying, still, which the areas where the population is more affected by such pathologies. From data gotten to the SUS and the two units of medical attendance of the private sector it was possible to identify the referring period to the autumn and to the winter as being that one where the local population more suffers with complications of the aerial ways. Later, with numerical information in daily level of the cases of illnesses of the respiratory treatment and gotten meteorological data in National Institute of Meteorology, they had been elaborated graphical of rhythmic analysis, that they had allowed to observe the daily variation of the number of internments during the periods of autumn and winter of the years 2003, 2004 and 2005, verifying, still, which are the responsible atmospheric conditions for the increase of the number of patients for respiratory diseases, as well as the systems that they originate such conditions. / Orientador: João Afonso Zavattini / Coorientador: Sandra Elisa Contri Pitton / Banca: Antônio Carlos Tavares / Banca: Ercília Torres Steinke / Banca: Francisco Arthur Silva Vecchia / Banca: Magda Adelaide Lombardo / Doutor

O avanço tecnológico e o crescente processo de industrialização vêm progressivamente interferindo e alterando a dinâmica da natureza. Esse avanço, principalmente a partir do século XVIII, colocou definitivamente os interesses das sociedades humanas de um lado e a preservação do meio natural de outro. Muito tempo se passou até que o homem começasse a perceber que o desenvolvimento trazia, além de conforto, praticidade e comodidade, impactos depredatórios à natureza. Nesse cenário, a evolução da eletroeletrônica, mesmo sendo considerado um processo de desenvolvimento “limpo”, também contribui com elementos nocivos ao meio ambiente. A presente pesquisa procurou verificar se a educação ambiental, oferecida pelo Governo do Distrito Federal, no âmbito da Secretaria de Estado de Educação do Distrito Federal (SEDF), conduz a participação dos estudantes e dos professores na busca de soluções para os problemas ambientais referentes aos Resíduos Eletroeletrônicos (REEE). Para que o objetivo da pesquisa fosse alcançado, foram produzidos quatro artigos sobre os resíduos eletroeletrônicos gerados das escolas e a questão da Educação Ambiental (EA) nas escolas públicas do Distrito Federal (DF). Os resultados sugerem que as iniciativas de educação ambiental desenvolvidas pelas escolas públicas do governo no Distrito Federal ainda não são capazes de modificar os hábitos do cidadão, que contribui de forma insatisfatória para a melhoria da qualidade do ambiente; e que é necessária uma reestruturação do ensino como um todo, pois do contrário, não somente a questão dos REEE será possível de se desenvolver nas escolas, como nenhum outro tema poderá ser tratado de forma eficiente e eficaz, junto a uma geração de sociedade futura com consciência crítica tanto em questões ambientais como em outras questões relacionadas, como, cultural, social, política e principalmente econômica, com a situação do consumo consciente. / Technological advances and the increasing industrialization are gradually interfering and changing the dynamics of nature. This advance, especially from the eighteenth century, driven by capitalism definitely placed the interests of human societies on the one hand and the preservation of the natural environment on the other. Much time has passed until the man began to realize that the development brought, in addition to comfort, practicality and convenience, depredators impacts to nature. In this scenario, the evolution of the electronics, even being considered a development mechanism "clean" also contributes to harmful elements to the environment. This study examined whether the environmental education offered by the government of the Federal District, under the SEDF leads to the participation of students and teachers in finding solutions to environmental problems related to WEEE. For the purpose of the research was achieved were produced four articles on electronic waste – WEEE generated's schools and the issue of environmental education - EA in the public schools of the Federal District - DF. The results suggest that environmental education initiatives by public government schools in the Federal District are not able to change the citizen's habits, which contributes poorly to the improvement of environmental quality; and it is necessary a restructuring of education as a whole, otherwise, not only the issue of WEEE will be possible to develop in schools, as no other issue can be dealt with efficiently and effectively. Next to a generation of future society with critical awareness on environmental issues, as in other issues as cultural, social, political and especially economic, with the situation of conscious consumption.

O avanço tecnológico e o crescente processo de industrialização vêm progressivamente interferindo e alterando a dinâmica da natureza. Esse avanço, principalmente a partir do século XVIII, colocou definitivamente os interesses das sociedades humanas de um lado e a preservação do meio natural de outro. Muito tempo se passou até que o homem começasse a perceber que o desenvolvimento trazia, além de conforto, praticidade e comodidade, impactos depredatórios à natureza. Nesse cenário, a evolução da eletroeletrônica, mesmo sendo considerado um processo de desenvolvimento “limpo”, também contribui com elementos nocivos ao meio ambiente. A presente pesquisa procurou verificar se a educação ambiental, oferecida pelo Governo do Distrito Federal, no âmbito da Secretaria de Estado de Educação do Distrito Federal (SEDF), conduz a participação dos estudantes e dos professores na busca de soluções para os problemas ambientais referentes aos Resíduos Eletroeletrônicos (REEE). Para que o objetivo da pesquisa fosse alcançado, foram produzidos quatro artigos sobre os resíduos eletroeletrônicos gerados das escolas e a questão da Educação Ambiental (EA) nas escolas públicas do Distrito Federal (DF). Os resultados sugerem que as iniciativas de educação ambiental desenvolvidas pelas escolas públicas do governo no Distrito Federal ainda não são capazes de modificar os hábitos do cidadão, que contribui de forma insatisfatória para a melhoria da qualidade do ambiente; e que é necessária uma reestruturação do ensino como um todo, pois do contrário, não somente a questão dos REEE será possível de se desenvolver nas escolas, como nenhum outro tema poderá ser tratado de forma eficiente e eficaz, junto a uma geração de sociedade futura com consciência crítica tanto em questões ambientais como em outras questões relacionadas, como, cultural, social, política e principalmente econômica, com a situação do consumo consciente. / Technological advances and the increasing industrialization are gradually interfering and changing the dynamics of nature. This advance, especially from the eighteenth century, driven by capitalism definitely placed the interests of human societies on the one hand and the preservation of the natural environment on the other. Much time has passed until the man began to realize that the development brought, in addition to comfort, practicality and convenience, depredators impacts to nature. In this scenario, the evolution of the electronics, even being considered a development mechanism "clean" also contributes to harmful elements to the environment. This study examined whether the environmental education offered by the government of the Federal District, under the SEDF leads to the participation of students and teachers in finding solutions to environmental problems related to WEEE. For the purpose of the research was achieved were produced four articles on electronic waste – WEEE generated's schools and the issue of environmental education - EA in the public schools of the Federal District - DF. The results suggest that environmental education initiatives by public government schools in the Federal District are not able to change the citizen's habits, which contributes poorly to the improvement of environmental quality; and it is necessary a restructuring of education as a whole, otherwise, not only the issue of WEEE will be possible to develop in schools, as no other issue can be dealt with efficiently and effectively. Next to a generation of future society with critical awareness on environmental issues, as in other issues as cultural, social, political and especially economic, with the situation of conscious consumption.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2014-12-10T18:55:50Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Iada Anderson Barbosa LEal - 2013.pdf: 6601603 bytes, checksum: 4a327d9474ae8cc414c8730ca239dc42 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-12-11T18:58:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Iada Anderson Barbosa LEal - 2013.pdf: 6601603 bytes, checksum: 4a327d9474ae8cc414c8730ca239dc42 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-11T18:58:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Iada Anderson Barbosa LEal - 2013.pdf: 6601603 bytes, checksum: 4a327d9474ae8cc414c8730ca239dc42 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-27 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / Taxonomical study of species from the family Cucurbitaceae Juss. that occur on the Federal District (Distrito Federal), Brazil – The Cucurbitaceae Juss. family is numerous and widespread in its respective taxa, however, with conflicting data about the exact numbers regarding them. The present work is a survey of plants of this family found in the Federal District, Brazil, with the scope of refining the accuracy of such data. With this intention, some analysis of exsicates deposited in national and international herbaria were made and some expeditions were done at the area of study. Seven genera and fourteen native species were found in the researched area, as well as five genera and five species cultivated or subespontaneus. Related to native plants, the genus Cayaponia Silva Manso presented a greater number os species (5), followed by Melothria L. (3) and Psiguria Neck ex Arn. (2), being the genera Gurania Cogn., Melothrianthus Mart. Crov.; Sicyos L. and Wilbrandia Silva Manso are represented by only one specie for each one of those. Considering only the material deposited in herbaria, five species were found cultivated or subespontaneous: Cucumis dipsaceus Ehrenb., Cucurbita maxima Duch., Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl., Luffa cylindrica M. Roem. and Momordica charantia L. / Estudo taxonômico das espécies da família Cucurbitaceae Juss. ocorrentes no Distrito Federal, Brasil - A família Cucurbitaceae Juss. é numerosa e abrangente em seus respectivos taxa, porém com informações conflitantes sobre a exatidão dos números em relação aos mesmos. O presente trabalho trata do levantamento executado sobre as plantas da família encontradas no Distrito Federal, Brasil a fim de contribuir para melhorar a precisão de tais dados. Para tal intuito foram realizadas análises de exsicatas depositadas em herbários nacionais e internacionais e realização de expedições na área de estudo. Foram localizados sete gêneros e quatorze espécies nativas para a área em questão, assim como cinco gêneros e cinco espécies de plantas cultivadas ou subespontâneas. Em relação às plantas nativas, o gênero Cayaponia Silva Manso apresentou um número maior de espécies (5), seguido de Melothria L. (3) e Psiguria Neck ex. Arn. (2), sendo que os gêneros Gurania (Schltdl.) Cogn., Melothrianthus Mart. Crov.; Sicyos L. e Wilbrandia Silva Manso são representados por apenas 1 espécie cada um deles. Com base apenas em material botânico depositado em herbários foram constatadas 5 espécies cultivadas ou subespontâneas: Cucumis dipsaceus Ehrenb., Cucurbita maxima Duch., Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl., Luffa cylindrica M. Roem. e Momordica charantia L.

In this study I analyzed the 1089 desegregation outcomes in federal district courts that occurred between 1994 and 2004 in order to identify a) the legal and non-legal factors in the litigation process that predict pro-desegregation outcomes and b) the judicial patterns that impact the future of desegregation policy. Twenty-one legal and non-legal variables were analyzed via logistic regression analysis to identify factors that predict pro-desegregation outcomes. Only three predictor variables were statistically significant: Government Litigants; Region 3 (West) and Region 4 (Northeast.) Descriptive analyses of the data identified two trends in the pattern of litigation: The percentage of defendant wins increased after 1991 at a lesser rate than has been previously reported. I conclude that based on the results of both the quantitative and qualitative analyses the federal district courts are not a barrier to desegregation and can still be a part of a comprehensive desegregation strategy.