Intensive care unit delirium from nurse's perspective Introduction: Delirium is a disturbance of consciousness, one of the most frequent organ dysfunctions in the ICU. Delirium occurs in 60 - 80% patients who receive mechanical ventilation and is independently associated with increased mortality and development of post-ICU neurocognitive deficit in adult ICU patients. It is recommended to monitor delirium routinely with validated screening tools (CAM-ICU or ICDSC). Experienced and well educated nurse, armed with appropriate diagnostic tools, can actively participate in prevention, diagnosis and therapy od delirium. Objective: This Master diploma thesis objective was to get to know current knowledge of nursing staff working in Czech ICUs about delirium and their clinical praxis. Method: Quantitative research was conducted with a questionnaire filled by nursing staff of ICUs for adult patients in two university and one regional hospital in Czech Republic from August to September 2017. Results: Altogether, 110 questionnaires from 130 have returned (84% return). The outcomes showed that 63% of nurses are sufficiently informed on ICU delirium, 66% would appreciate more education on the subject. All in all, 51% of nurses don't prevent delirium in their patients and 35% don't even know what are the...

This thesis will be examining current song lyrics in popular and scholarly way to professionally judge possibilities of real impact of this lyrics to a historical consciousness of the listener. Then it will be following up the reasons why are historical topics so frequentative in song lyrics, various ways of interpretations, way od misinterpretations, influence of used instrument like language, form of the performance, sings, composition, mass character etc… To every each chosen interpret will be dedicated concrete and specific space in this thesis by the amount of the historical impact in his work. The result of this thesis should be very integrated and educated view to this subject of interest.

The dissertation focuses on two general categories of defining space: on space expression according to the expressive approach to aesthetics and, secondly, on space representation based on the mimetic aesthetics. The exploration of the surface structure of space employs the philosophical categories of smooth and striated space, formulated by Deleuze and Guattari in their Treatise on Nomadology, while the depths of the inner spaces, including the spaces of the human mind, are treated within the framework of Gaston Bachelard's phenomenology, stressing the importance of the symbolic meanings hidden in the unconscious. The primary texts in which the concept of space is explored range from the Brontë sisters' novels (Wuthering Heights, Jane Eyre) to Thomas Hardy's Wessex novels, and further on to the last novel of George Eliot, Daniel Deronda. Attention is given to the role of natural elements constituting space, with emphasis on the element of water.

Background: Psychonautics is a scientific method used to describe intoxication and effects of psychoactive substances and a form of recognition used by some in order to achieve self- experience and transcendence. Hallucinogenic and psychedelic substances most commonly used for this purpose can possess therapeutical, but also destructive potential, how many researches on the psychedelic therapy topic have shown. During auto-experiments, these substances are being used in nonclinical environment and often without professional or other control, which can lead to many risks, but also benefits. Aim: The goal is to understand the way of psychonautics self-defining through statements and actions of psychonauts. The main goal is to describe a pattern of drug use, subjective consequences and meaning of psychoactive substances use in the lives of the psychonauts from their point of view. Sample: Research set consisted of 5 respondents chosen based on two methods - the snowball method and intended selection. Methods: The used method of data collection was a semistructured interview, in which the collected data was analysed by the clustering method and pattern recording method and an online questionnaire that has been evaluated based on descriptive analysis principles by an answer sheet. Results:...

This diploma thesis is concerned with the question of the right conceptual approach towards consciousness. It opens up with the thesis that the crucial characteristic of consciousness - its subjective aspect - is profoundly elusive. To understand the nature of this elusiveness we get a loose inspiration from Karl Jaspers (of the continental tradition) and his idea of "subject-object dichotomy" whose main point is a realisation that the conscious subject is in principle unobjectifiable and can never be properly grasped by objectifying thinking. This main idea is then applied to various modern theories of consciousness (coming from the analytical tradition) in order to explore and demonstrate to what extend each of the theories misses or acknowledges the specific irreducibility of consciousness to objectively describable phenomena. Thus we observe that J. J. C. Smart omits subjectivity from his identity theory altogether since he understands reality as objectively graspable in all its aspects. Colin McGinn comes with an interesting explanation of our problems with grasping consciousness as part of the physical world and asserts that we are "cognitively closed" with respect to the solution of the mind-body problem. However, he concludes that a possible solution delivered in objectifying terms exists...

The thesis aims at examining Descartes's so called cogito from a wider perspective, especially as regards to the role in the development of Meditationes de prima philosophia (1641) and in the context of other relevant texts. Being an attempt to give a broad account of Descartes's "first cognition" the study deals not only with the cogito itself, e.g. with its logical structure, but also with other key Cartesian doctrines, so that we can understand the cogito as an integral part of Descartes's philosophy. The thesis inquires for this reason into the question of meditator's identity, the methodological skepticism, the question whether logical principles are called into question in the First meditation, the problem of the Cartesian circle, the distinction between implicit and explicit knowledge, the doctrine of innate ideas and finally, the question how to explain, according to Descartes, the awareness of our thoughts. Sometimes the considerations become rather systematic and go beyond a mere exegesis of Descartes's philosophy, especially when they concern the problem with the presence of ego in cogito and the explanation of our self-consciousness. There are three competing approaches to the second issue mentioned that are introduced and assessed in the last chapter. I have chosen this way of...

The main task of this thesis has been to research the role of sport in the development of Uruguay's state and national consciousness in the late 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. It focuses primarily on the formation of organised sport in the country, the international sporting achievements of Uruguay, and the public's response in Uruguay and abroad. For a more detailed understanding, the thesis is subdivided into six time-related chapters, and covers politics, economics, as well as a brief history of the beginnings of world football in addition to the more general topic of sports. The thesis also considers the social sphere and the attitude of Uruguay's social classes to sport and leisure activities. Emphasis has also been placed on other important events that took place during the defined period, which both positively and negatively influenced the country. Key words: Uruguay, sport, 19th century, 20th century, football, history, sporting events, national consciousness

Silence is a negative term denoting absence of sounds. However, our ordinary way of speaking about silence suggests that the latter is some perceptible reality, 'some- thing' perceived. But is it legitimate to say that we hear silence - absence of sound? What implications about perception does such a way of speaking have? The aim of the present thesis is to analyse these questions. The analysis unfolds along three axes. The first part of the thesis reconstructs the problem of perception of silence in John Cage's 'silent piece' 4'33" in context of its conceptual origin, Cage's aesthetics, and reflection of his work in his written texts. Hence the introduction of the problem of perceptible silence in recent thought. It discusses the thesis that we cannot hear absolute silence, not even in the soundproof chamber, and considers the question whether it is adequate to say that we can hear silence if we expect to hear music, but the music does not sound - a question that was raised by the premiere of 4'33". The second part of the thesis scrutinizes the position according to which we can directly hear/listen to silence which is the absence of sounds, namely the arguments of Roy Sorensen and Ian Phillips. Emphasis is put on Sorensen's theory since it is in direct contrast to Cage's position (though Sorensen...

Non-ordinary states of consciousness have been presented for a long time and currently, when the spiritual side of the human existence is left out, the states of consciousness turn to its regeneration. This thesis is focused on the resulting changes in human life after passing the non-ordinary state of consciousness and especially regarding the changes in attitude towards death and process of dying. In the theoretical part, I have described the problem of death and the process of dying from the cultural, medical, psychological and theological view. I have presented the basic and extended model of the human psyche, the knowledge of which is essential in understanding the non-ordinary states of consciousness. Next, I have specified the concrete definition of non-ordinary states of consciousness and I have dealt with the extended description of those matters, when the human being is not directly touched or not during the experience with dead or dying. The last theoretical chapter goes into the therapeutic potential of the described non-ordinary states of consciousness. The goal of this thesis is to catch the significant similarities of the body and point its transformative effect on the personality of the human being, especially in the matters of basic existence. In order to achieve this goal, I have chosen the qualitative research strategy with the elements of phenomenological research. This semi-structured interview was defined as a method for collecting the data. The research file represents seven respondents with their own experience of a non-ordinary state of consciousness, especially near-death experiences, holotropic breathwork and psychedelic experiences. The results of this research have shown the significant changes in the lives of people who had this type of experience in question. The changes in their respective lives have also resulted in the reduction of the fear of death or dying of these individuals. The results from these findings have significant implications for the psychotherapy. It is mainly aimed at those therapists who have contact with people suffering from death and who have anxiety about dying.

This diploma thesis observes the topic of life in early Bergson. It is divided into three parts. The first chapter is concentrated on Essay on the Immediate Data of Consciousness. In this chapter we can become acquainted with the distinction between duration and space. This distinction is the basic of Bergson philosophy. We can also see the distinction between the deeper self and the surface self, which is based on the first distinction. The second chapter Matter and Memory shows how the foregoing distinctions are connected through the Bergson's theory of memory. In the last charter, named Creative Evolution, we deal with the metaphysic concept of life by Bergson, which has always been connected with duration and freedom