• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 8
  • 5
  • 3
  • 3
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 27
  • 7
  • 5
  • 5
  • 5
  • 5
  • 5
  • 4
  • 4
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Susceptibilidade in vitro e in vivo de pythium insidium: estudo comparativo entre acetato de caspofungina e imunoterapia em coelhos.

Pereira, Daniela Isabel Brayer January 2008 (has links)
O oomiceto aquático Pythium insidiosum, classificado no Reino Stramenipila, é o agente etiológico da pitiose, uma doença crônica, piogranulomatosa, que acomete eqüinos, caninos, felinos, bovinos, ovinos e humanos que habitam regiões tropicais e subtropicais. Diversos protocolos para o tratamento da enfermidade têm sido utilizados, incluindo terapia com antifúngicos, cirurgia e imunoterapia. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a suscetibilidade in vitro de 27 isolados clínicos de Pythium insidiosum ao acetato de caspofungina, bem como correlacionar os resultados obtidos in vitro com a resposta da terapêutica in vivo e comparar a eficácia de dois tratamentos, acetato de caspofungina e imunoterapia, utilizando coelhos como modelo experimental. Vinte e seis isolados de Pythium insidiosum provenientes de casos clínicos de pitiose em animais no Brasil (24 eqüinos, 01 canino e 01 ovino) e um isolado ATCC (58637) foram avaliados neste estudo. Os testes in vitro foram desenvolvidos utilizando-se a macrotécnica em caldo seguindo o protocolo internacional M38-A do CLSI. O inóculo consistiu de uma suspensão de 2-3x103 zoósporos de Pythium insidiosum diluído 1:10 em caldo RPMI. As concentrações finais do acetato de caspofungina variaram de 0,25 – 128 μg/mL. A leitura dos CIMs foi visual, considerando-se o crescimento ou não de hifas em 24 horas de incubação a 370C, sendo adotados 3 critérios de leitura: CIM0; CIM1 e CIM2 (100%, 90% e 50% de inibição de crescimento, respectivamente), assim como também foi determinada a concentração fungicida mínima. No ensaio in vivo, 15 coelhos inoculados subcutaneamente com 20.000 zoósporos de Pythium insidiosum foram divididos em 3 grupos de 5 animais (grupo 1, controle; grupo 2, tratado com imunoterápico Pitium Vac® e grupo 3, tratado com acetato de caspofungina). Os tratamentos iniciaram-se 25 dias após a inoculação e consitiram de: 1) 8 doses de imunoterápico administradas em intervalos de 14 dias; 2) 1 mg/kg/dia de acetato de caspofungina durante 20 dias consecutivos. Dezoito semanas após o início do experimento, os animais foram necropsiados e fragmentos de lesões foram coletados para análise histopatológica e morfométrica. Quatorze isolados (51,8%) evidenciaram CIM0 de 64 μg/mL e 24 (88,8%) CIM1 com variação de ≥ 8μg/mL a 64 μg/mL. Na determinação da concentração fungicida mínima, 17 (62,9%) amostras requereram 64 μg/mL. Os animais de ambos os tratamentos apresentaram redução da área de lesões, quando comparados aos animais do grupo controle (P<0.05). As áreas de lesões dos coelhos tratados com acetato de caspofungina evidenciaram redução durante o tratamento, porém rapidamente retornaram a progredir quando a administração do fármaco foi suspensa. O aspecto histológico das lesões foi similar entre os grupos estudados e a avaliação morfométrica evidenciou que os animais dos grupos 2 e 3 apresentaram menor quantidade de hifas nas áreas de necrose (P<0.05). Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que, embora não tenha havido diferença entre os tratamentos avaliados, a imunoterapia, em função de seu custo, continua sendo a melhor alternativa para o tratamento da pitiose. A ocorrência de altas CIMs associada a falta de atividade fungicida do acetato de caspofungina observados neste estudo, sugerem que Pythium insidiosum é pouco suscetível a este antifúngico. / For the in vivo assay, fifteen rabbits were subcutaneously inoculated with 20,000 Pythium insidiosum zoospores and were divided into 3 groups of 5 animals (group 1, control; group 2, treated with Pitium Vac® immunotherapic; and group 3, treated with caspofungin acetate). The treatments were started 25 days after the inoculation, and consisted of: 1) 8 doses of the immunotherapic administered at 14-day intervals; and 2) 1mg/kg/day of caspofungin acetate during 20 consecutive days. The animals were necropsied eighteen weeks after the start of the experiment, and lesion fragments were collected for histopathologic and morphometric analyses. Fourteen isolates (51.8%) had an MIC0 of 64 μg/mL, and 24 (88.8%) had an MIC1 that varied between ≥ 8μg/mL and 64 μg/mL. When subjected to the minimum fungicidal concentration assay, 17 (62.9%) samples required 64 μg/mL. The animals in both treatment groups displayed smaller lesion sizes compared to the animals of group control (P<0.05). The subcutaneous lesion areas of rabbits treated with caspofungin acetate exhibited a reduction in their progression during the treatment. However, lesions quickly resumed growth when the administration of the drug was suspended. The histological aspect of the lesions was similar between the groups under study, and the morphometric evaluation showed that the animals in groups 2 and 3 had lower amounts of hyphae in necrotic areas (P<0.05). The results obtained indicate that, even though the treatments did not differ significantly, the immunotherapic treatment is still the best alternative to treat pythiosis. In addition, the high MICs and lack of fungicidality of caspofungin acetate suggest that Pythium insidiosum is poorly susceptible to this antifungal drug.
22

Chicken infectious anemia virus vaccination induces immune disorders and viral persistency in infectious bursal disease virus-infected young chicks

Vaziry, Asaad 08 1900 (has links)
La bursite infectieuse aviaire (IBD) est une des causes majeures de pertes économiques pour l’industrie aviaire. La vaccination est le principal outil de contrôle de cette maladie et les oiseaux susceptibles doivent être vaccinés aussitôt que le niveau des anticorps maternels (MA) anti-IBDV est suffisamment bas. L’estimation du moment de vaccination est habituellement déterminée par la formule de Deventer qui utilise le titre initial de MA anti-IBDV et la demi-vie des anticorps pour prédire l’évolution du titre. Dans la présente étude, l’effet du gain de poids sur la vitesse de disparition des MA a été étudié dans le but de l’utiliser pour prédire la détermination du moment de la vaccination. L’analyse des taux d’anticorps neutralisants par ELISA a montré que les poussins avec une forte croissance avaient un taux de disparition plus rapide des MA que ceux à faible croissance. Une formule pour la prédiction du moment de vaccination contre le IBDV, basée sur le gain de poids et le niveau des MA a été développée et vérifiée. La prédiction du moment de vaccination avec cette formule a montré une haute corrélation avec les titres de MA mesurés par ELISA. Le virus de l’anémie infectieuse aviaire (CIAV) est une cause importante d’immunosuppression chez le poulet augmentant la pathogénicité des infections secondaires et en entraînant une réponse humorale suboptimale et une forte mortalité. D’autre part, l’infections sub-clinique du au CIAV provoque une immunosuppression qui facilite la coinfection par d’autre virus tel que le IBDV. Les effets de la coinfection à J1 avec une souche vaccinale de CIAV CAV-VAC® (Intervet) et à J14 avec une souche faiblement virulente de IBDV isolée au Québec, sur l’état de santé des poussins, sur la persistance virale et sur la réponse immunitaire ont été étudiés autant chez des poussins de 1 jour d’âge exempts d’agents pathogènes specifique (SPF) que ceux provenant d’élevages commerciaux. Les résultats ont montré que l’inoculation de la souche vaccinale du CIAV a entraîné une infection sub-clinique, une persistance virale dans la rate et le thymus, une altération de la thymopoièse et une réponse humorale temporaire chez les poussins SPF. Ces effets ont aussi été mis en évidence chez des poussins d’élevage commerciaux malgré des taux élevés de MA. Lors de l’infection avec la souche de IBDV chez des poussins déjà vaccinés contre le CIAV, la persistance du CIAV dans les organes lymphoïdes a été aggravée par une présence de réponses humorales temporaires contre les deux virus et une altération des populations lymphocytaires dans les organes lymphoïdes. Par contre, la présence des MA contre le CIAV a limité temporairement ces effets. Ces travaux ont mis en évidence des désordres immunitaires cellulaires et humoraux et une persistance virale chez des poussins vaccinés contre le CIAV et co-infectés avec le IBDV. / Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the major causes of economic losses in the chicken industry. Vaccination is the main tool against the disease, and the susceptible birds should be vaccinated as soon as the maternal antibody (MA) becomes low enough to allow the vaccine to break through. Estimation of vaccination time is currently performed by Deventer formula which uses initial anti-IBDV titer and antibody half-life to predict the titer. Considering the increased growth rate of chicken in the last decades and the wide variations of MA, we have examined the effects of chick’s weight gain on MA decline and the use of weight in predicting IBD vaccination time. The virus neutralization test and ELISA results demonstrated that fast-growing birds had a faster rate of antibody decline whereas slow-growing birds demonstrated a slower rate. Based on the effect of weight-gain on maternal antibody decline, a new formula for predicting IBD vaccination time was introduced and tested. The predicted IBD vaccination time made by this weight formula showed higher correlation with the measured ELISA titers in the experiment. Chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) is another cause of immunosuppression in chicken which is characterized by increased pathogenicity of secondary infectious agents, sub-optimal antibody responses and mortality. CIAV subclinical infections can result in immunosuppression and enhancement of pathogenicity of co-infecting agents such as infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). Effects of pathogenic CIAV and IBDV coinfection on chick’s health and immune responses are investigated in different studies. In this study, newly hatched specific pathogen free (SPF) and commercial chicks were vaccinated with CAV-VAC® (Intervet) vaccine and /or inoculated with a low-virulent Québec isolate of IBDV at 14 days post CIAV vaccination. Inoculation of the CIAV vaccinal strain at hatch resulted in subclinical infection associated with viral persistency in spleen and thymus, alteration of thymopoiesis and transient humoral response in SPF chicks. Subclinical infection, viral persistency and lack of antibody responses were also shown in CIAV inoculated commercial chicks with high MA. Infection of the low-virulent IBDV in the CIAV vaccinated SPF chicks lead to extended viral persistence of CIAV in lymphoid organs, transient immune responses to both CIAV and IBDV, and alteration of lymphocytes subpopulation in the lymphoid organs. In the coinfected commercial chicks, presence the CIAV in the lymphoid organs was controlled by MA in the first 1-2 weeks after hatch. Thereafter, the immune disorders, viral persistence and lack of humoral responses almost similar to the coinfected SPF chicks were recorded.
23

Chicken infectious anemia virus vaccination induces immune disorders and viral persistency in infectious bursal disease virus-infected young chicks

Vaziry, Asaad 08 1900 (has links)
La bursite infectieuse aviaire (IBD) est une des causes majeures de pertes économiques pour l’industrie aviaire. La vaccination est le principal outil de contrôle de cette maladie et les oiseaux susceptibles doivent être vaccinés aussitôt que le niveau des anticorps maternels (MA) anti-IBDV est suffisamment bas. L’estimation du moment de vaccination est habituellement déterminée par la formule de Deventer qui utilise le titre initial de MA anti-IBDV et la demi-vie des anticorps pour prédire l’évolution du titre. Dans la présente étude, l’effet du gain de poids sur la vitesse de disparition des MA a été étudié dans le but de l’utiliser pour prédire la détermination du moment de la vaccination. L’analyse des taux d’anticorps neutralisants par ELISA a montré que les poussins avec une forte croissance avaient un taux de disparition plus rapide des MA que ceux à faible croissance. Une formule pour la prédiction du moment de vaccination contre le IBDV, basée sur le gain de poids et le niveau des MA a été développée et vérifiée. La prédiction du moment de vaccination avec cette formule a montré une haute corrélation avec les titres de MA mesurés par ELISA. Le virus de l’anémie infectieuse aviaire (CIAV) est une cause importante d’immunosuppression chez le poulet augmentant la pathogénicité des infections secondaires et en entraînant une réponse humorale suboptimale et une forte mortalité. D’autre part, l’infections sub-clinique du au CIAV provoque une immunosuppression qui facilite la coinfection par d’autre virus tel que le IBDV. Les effets de la coinfection à J1 avec une souche vaccinale de CIAV CAV-VAC® (Intervet) et à J14 avec une souche faiblement virulente de IBDV isolée au Québec, sur l’état de santé des poussins, sur la persistance virale et sur la réponse immunitaire ont été étudiés autant chez des poussins de 1 jour d’âge exempts d’agents pathogènes specifique (SPF) que ceux provenant d’élevages commerciaux. Les résultats ont montré que l’inoculation de la souche vaccinale du CIAV a entraîné une infection sub-clinique, une persistance virale dans la rate et le thymus, une altération de la thymopoièse et une réponse humorale temporaire chez les poussins SPF. Ces effets ont aussi été mis en évidence chez des poussins d’élevage commerciaux malgré des taux élevés de MA. Lors de l’infection avec la souche de IBDV chez des poussins déjà vaccinés contre le CIAV, la persistance du CIAV dans les organes lymphoïdes a été aggravée par une présence de réponses humorales temporaires contre les deux virus et une altération des populations lymphocytaires dans les organes lymphoïdes. Par contre, la présence des MA contre le CIAV a limité temporairement ces effets. Ces travaux ont mis en évidence des désordres immunitaires cellulaires et humoraux et une persistance virale chez des poussins vaccinés contre le CIAV et co-infectés avec le IBDV. / Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the major causes of economic losses in the chicken industry. Vaccination is the main tool against the disease, and the susceptible birds should be vaccinated as soon as the maternal antibody (MA) becomes low enough to allow the vaccine to break through. Estimation of vaccination time is currently performed by Deventer formula which uses initial anti-IBDV titer and antibody half-life to predict the titer. Considering the increased growth rate of chicken in the last decades and the wide variations of MA, we have examined the effects of chick’s weight gain on MA decline and the use of weight in predicting IBD vaccination time. The virus neutralization test and ELISA results demonstrated that fast-growing birds had a faster rate of antibody decline whereas slow-growing birds demonstrated a slower rate. Based on the effect of weight-gain on maternal antibody decline, a new formula for predicting IBD vaccination time was introduced and tested. The predicted IBD vaccination time made by this weight formula showed higher correlation with the measured ELISA titers in the experiment. Chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) is another cause of immunosuppression in chicken which is characterized by increased pathogenicity of secondary infectious agents, sub-optimal antibody responses and mortality. CIAV subclinical infections can result in immunosuppression and enhancement of pathogenicity of co-infecting agents such as infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). Effects of pathogenic CIAV and IBDV coinfection on chick’s health and immune responses are investigated in different studies. In this study, newly hatched specific pathogen free (SPF) and commercial chicks were vaccinated with CAV-VAC® (Intervet) vaccine and /or inoculated with a low-virulent Québec isolate of IBDV at 14 days post CIAV vaccination. Inoculation of the CIAV vaccinal strain at hatch resulted in subclinical infection associated with viral persistency in spleen and thymus, alteration of thymopoiesis and transient humoral response in SPF chicks. Subclinical infection, viral persistency and lack of antibody responses were also shown in CIAV inoculated commercial chicks with high MA. Infection of the low-virulent IBDV in the CIAV vaccinated SPF chicks lead to extended viral persistence of CIAV in lymphoid organs, transient immune responses to both CIAV and IBDV, and alteration of lymphocytes subpopulation in the lymphoid organs. In the coinfected commercial chicks, presence the CIAV in the lymphoid organs was controlled by MA in the first 1-2 weeks after hatch. Thereafter, the immune disorders, viral persistence and lack of humoral responses almost similar to the coinfected SPF chicks were recorded.
24

The Sierra Ballena Shear zone: / kinematics, timing and its significance for the geotectonic evolution of southeast Uruguay / Die Sierra Ballena Scherzone: / Kinematik, Zeiteinteilung und seine Bedeutung für die geotektonische Entwicklung von Südost Uruguay

Oyhantçabal Cironi, Pedro Bernardo 30 May 2005 (has links)
No description available.
25

Tectonically-controlled emplacement mechanisms in the upper crust under specific stress regimes: case studies / Tektonisch-kontrollierte Platznahmemechanismen in der oberen Kruste unter spezifischen Spannungsregimen: Fallbeispiele

Friese, Nadine 15 July 2009 (has links)
No description available.
26

Geochemical variations in magmatic rocks from southern Costa Rica as a consequence of Cocos Ridge subduction and uplift of the Cordillera de Talamanca

Abratis, Michael 04 November 1998 (has links)
No description available.
27

The emplacement of the Chinamora Batholith (Zimbabwe) inferred from field observations, magnetic- and microfabrics

Becker, Jens Karl 23 June 2000 (has links)
No description available.

Page generated in 0.0364 seconds