In order to maintain a sustainable development and biological balance of the territory, the government defines several kinds of restricted areas for land development in National Comprehensive Development Plan. The classification of restricted areas is defined according to the environmental, biological and cultural sensitivities of land, and areas with such restrictions should limit the land use and development. However, owing to the high density of population and finite area of territory, the extension of economical activities to restricted areas such as the commercial activities in a national park is hard to avoid. Besides, during recent years, the fairness of the defining the boundary of restricted areas is often challenged and sometimes causes resistance of local inhabitants. As a result, such problems worsen under the pressure of economical development and thus lead to the malfunction of the land use regulation. To avoid this situation, the establishment of a system of a social compensation for restricted areas is vital to land management. Although some strategies such as impact fee have been made in order to deal with the environmental external effects caused by land development and modification, such strategies mostly focus on the compensation for people whose rights were damaged. However, there has not been a fair social compensation system dealing with the internalization of external advantages made by the beneficiaries by such land use regulations. Moreover, the traditional compensation strategies mostly deal with the standard of solatium calculation and the law base. Such strategies lack of a positive motivation to the sustainability and symbiosis of the environment. To achieve the circulation of environmental resources, urging the users to manage and use limited resources in an effective way is vital to the sustainable resource management. The study adopts the concepts of resource-based theory, environmental partnerships and non-profit enterprises, effectively integrates the public spirit of the government, the management knowledge of private sectors and the mobilization energy of local communities, and establishes a new cooperation model named ¡§social enterprise¡¨ based on communities. Based on a case study of Kenting National Park, this thesis first proceeds a survey of evaluation for environmental resources and attitude of local inhabitants and tourists towards the resource management in the restricted area using contingent valuation method (CVM). Through the result of the case study and the practical experiences of environmental partnerships carried in other countries, the thesis then discusses about the present problems of the compensation system in Taiwan and suggests possible strategies for the establishment of future social compensation system based on the concepts of local innovation and environmental partnerships.

Though recycled toilet paper (RTP) is more environmental friendly than toilet paper made of virgin fiber, they are also more expensive. The price difference has made manufacturers hesitate about marketing RTP in shops, because they assume that consumers are reluctant to buy it. However, no research has been done in Taiwan to explore consumers¡¦ willingness to pay (WTP) for RTP. This study is an attempt to do so by the use of two methods: contingent evaluation method (CVM) and conjoint analysis. Both methods were administered through a survey, which had a convenience sample of 192 female Kaohsiung citizens as respondents. Results based on CVM showed that the mean WTP for RTP was NT 151, which was a little higher than the price set by Homemaker¡¦s Union and Foundation¡Xan NGO which was the main channel selling RTP to the domestic sector in Taiwan. This suggests that manufacturers might have underestimated the market for RTP. To check the validities of the CVM and conjoint method, two criteria were measured: the respondents¡¦ past environmental behavior (PEB) and their willingness to make sacrifice for environmental causes (WTP3). The WTP as estimated by CVM, namely WTP1, was significantly related to both of these criteria (rs = .16, .32, ps < .05), showing that the CVM had a certain degree of validity. The importance that respondents attached to the eco-label of RTP was assessed by conjoint analysis. Validity of the importance scores thus obtained, however, was quite low: the correlation between these scores and WTP1, PEB and WTP3 were .05, .12 and .20 respectively, with only the last one significant. Results also suggest that environmental knowledge and health and safety concerns for products were not related to WTP1. Keywords: green consumption, contingent valuation method, conjoint analysis, environmental behavior, eco-label, green mark.

While considering disposing the priority of various kinds of communal facilities, the cost that must assess benefit and make the investment first, will not just have waste or the improper situation of resource distribution. Seeing that public goods importance that benefit assess, it is market that appraise law develop successively and extensive application, it is a law of appraisal more feasible and with more potentiality among them to assess the law in condition, so this research does deep discussion to this. Because the traditional demand theory has it to limit to the public goods short of marketing, unable to get consumer's appraisal on the public goods, this research attempts to bring the public goods into personal utility function, via the deriving of mathematics and physics, under the same demand principle, give monetary value to the public goods. Set up the compensation demand function of the public wealth, and can lead and pay wishing to pay prices of public goods from this. Utilize the compensating demand function, the valuation of pushing away regarded in order to wish to pay prices as benefit of public wealth of the income. To the increase or reduction of the quantity of the public goods, generally often use WTP or WTA. A lot of theories or positive research, mostly inclined to use WTP to draw benefit value in the past. Because target, tour of benefit numerous, visit offering, the estimate of benefit of recreation resources have model public characteristic of wealth, so this text attempts to use the public wealth promptly, and wide CVM (contingent valuation method) accepted, apply to Kaohsiung on resource of recreation, rest of resource assess, hope via personal inherent attitude and wishing pairs of behavior is it is it visit benefit, rest of resource to assess to come different of partiality, this is a purpose of this research. It is 23.94 yuan that visitors, willingness to pay ,the average amount of money of the maintenance expense, develop some continuously forever by safeguarding local ecological resources and tour industry in collecting the maintenance expense, up to 53% of the visitors and will to pay, the amount of money is 23.94 yuan to like to pay on average. If can collect the charges with 2007, calculate in accordance with 580,591 persons, it is 13,902,586.8 yuan.

This thesis presents a comprehensive valuation of small manufacturing business. The thesis includes strategic and financial analysis, prediction of value generators, developing a financial plan and valuation.

The objective of the thesis is - with the aid of cost benefit analysis - evaluate economic impacts of planned amendment to Regulation of the Government No. 148/2006 Coll. On Health Protection from Adverse Effects of Noise and Vibration, namely based on the case of specific road track. Amendment to Regulation is aimed at making existing noise limits softer (to increase them) and thus to bring about savings in investment cost connected with anti-noise measures. The thesis intends to use a single case study to find out whether benefits resulting from price reduction in the process of road construction are higher than costs in the form of decrease of welfare caused by the higher noise exposition; alternatively at what period savings in costs connected with road construction equal to decrease in welfare (savings in costs are one-off, while increase in noise exposition and related drop in welfare are long-term). Estimated changes in welfare are based on analysis of secondary sources -- first of all on the study of traffic externalities in the Czech republic conducted by contingent valuation method. The actual core of the thesis is cost benefit analysis. Attention is paid also to broader discussion on experience in providing exceptions from noise limits in the Czech Republic.

This diploma thesis describes the methods of valuation by using cost valuation method for family houses. The thesis defines the basic concepts from this field, methods of valuation and helps to create individual calculations. The main goal of this work is the valuation of five family houses by two cost valuation methods, their comparison and evaluation of the degree of difference between the methods. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to ascertain the total cost differences of individual constructions and equipment with the help of an itemized budget and by following the valuation order of the Ministry of Finance, compare the results and call attention to possible shortcomings of a given method.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第19977号 / 工博第4221号 / 新制||工||1653(附属図書館) / 33073 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻 / (主査)教授 川﨑 雅史, 教授 中川 大, 准教授 久保田 善明 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

Hypothetical bias continues to be a challenge for practitioners of the contingent valuation method (CVM). This study compared the effect of three hypothetical bias mitigation techniques in a CVM survey focused on estimating maximum willingness to pay for a beach conditions monitoring service among U.S. Gulf Coast beachgoers. Beach conditions information is known to affect beach patronage but no valuation study has yet estimated its value. The two techniques tested are: budget and substitutes cheap talk treatments and certainty follow-up. We presented a theoretically consistent model of budget-constrained utility maximization which accounts for the respondents’ subjective probability of a good beach trip with and without the beach conditions information. Interval regression was used to estimate respondents WTP for beach conditions monitoring service. Both mitigation treatments were unable to mitigate HB. The mean WTP was $3.39 and the net benefit for the program was between $188,531,063 and $391,474,452.

Flygresor utrikes har ökat markant sedan 1990. För att begränsa utsläppen av växthusgaser kan andra transportmedel som tåg vara väsentliga för att ersätta flyg. Emellertid har ofta tågresor en längre restid och ett högre biljettpris. En effektiv åtgärd för att jämna ut prisförhållandet mellan flygresor och andra transportmedel kan vara genom koldioxidskatter. Studien ska ge en uppfattning om studenters betalningsvilja för en koldioxidskatt, eftersom det finns en forskningslucka för det området, samt att det finns en kontrovers om villigheten att stödja miljöbeskattning. Syftet är att förbättrade policys ska kunna utvecklas utifrån studenters åsikter och tankar kring betalningsvilja och koldioxidskatter. Syftet är även att undersöka vilket sambandet är mellan betalningsvilja och upplevd kunskap och attityd till miljön. Studien är utförd genom Contingent valuation method där studenter ställs inför en hypotetisk resa för att kunna undersöka deras betalningsvilja, priskänslighet vid prisökningar, samt skäl och drivkrafter för valet av transportmedel. Resultatet från studien visar att respondenternas betalningsvilja är hög och att det finns en villighet att betala för en koldioxidskatt. Resultat indikerar att det finns ett samband mellan stor kunskap om klimatförändringar och hög betalningsvilja. Generellt sett visar sig samtliga respondenter ha en miljövänlig attityd men inget samband till betalningsviljan kan identifieras. / Air travel abroad has increased significantly since 1990. In order to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from flights, other transport such as trains could be an essential alternative. However, train travels often mean longer travel time and a more expensive ticket price. An effective measure to even the price ratio between flights and other transport could be through carbon taxes. The study should provide a perception of students' willingness to pay since this area has shown a research gap. Also, there is a controversy of people's willingness to support environmental taxation. The study seeks to look into students' opinions and thoughts regarding willingness to pay and a carbon tax so improved policies could be developed. The purpose was also to study how willingness to pay for a carbon tax relates to an experienced state of knowledge of climate changes and attitude towards the environment. The study was performed with the Contingent valuation method where students were faced with a hypothetical trip, in order to examine their willingness to pay, price sensitivity when price increases, also reasons and driving forces for the choice of means of transport. The results show that the respondent’s willingness to pay is high and that there is a willingness to pay for a carbon tax. The results also indicate a relation between high knowledge of climate changes and high willingness to pay. In general, all respondents reveal an environmentally friendly attitude, however it does not show a connection to their willingness to pay.

The objective of this study was to estimate willingness-to-pay the population in Luleå is putting on the possibility to do recreation and outdoor life activities in an urban forest. The study has been limited to the area Ormberget-Herstölandet. A contingent valuation method has been applied which asks about willingness-to-pay to conserve current recreational activities by assuming other plans for the area. A total of 151 answers were received, of which 111 was used for the analysis. This study found that willingness-to-pay for recreation was estimated to be 173 SEK per person and as one-time-payment. Total estimated value for Luleå population was 13,500,000 SEK. Willingness-to-pay was positively influenced by the number of visits, time spent, income and preferences for cross-country skiing. Negatively influenced if the respondents are male and have high environmental concern.