L'objectif principal de ce travail est de contribuer au débat initié par Roll (1977) et Basu (1977) depuis plus d‟une trentaine d‟années sur l‟invalidité du MEDAF à expliquer la formation des prix des actifs financiers. Cette étude se focalise plus particulièrement sur la capacité suggérée du ratio rendement du dividende à être un proxy de risque indépendant du bêta. Elle teste l‟aptitude d‟une stratégie value très populaire basée sur l‟effet « rendement du dividende » à réaliser des performances anormales. Les résultats montrent que les bonnes performances de la stratégie Dow 10 ne sont attribuables ni à sa capacité de sélectionner des titres performants ni à son aptitude à anticiper les mouvements du marché. De plus, mis en compétition avec la régression de Litzenberger et Ramaswamy (1979) et un modèle répliquant la méthodologie de Fama et French (1993), le modèle d‟évaluation des actifs financiers de Sharpe s‟impose comme le meilleur modèle de prévision des rentabilités. Afin de montrer que le coefficient bêta capture l‟effet « rendement du dividende », nous suggérons une nouvelle formulation du MEDAF. Nous proposons une décomposition du coefficient bêta en deux facteurs de risque : un risque systématique de base et un risque lié au facteur rendement du dividende. Globalement, l‟hypothèse de l‟efficience des marchés semble être vérifiée. En effet, l‟application de notre modèle améliore de 3% le pouvoir explicatif du MEDAF et les coefficients de notre régression sont significatifs au seuil de 1%. L‟effet « rendement du dividende » est un facteur de risque déjà capturé par le bêta de Sharpe. / The main objective of this work is to contribute to the debate initiated by Roll (1977) and Basu (1977) since more than thirty years on disability of the CAPM to explain the financial assets pricing. This study focuses specifically on the ability of the suggested ratio of dividend yield to be an independent risk proxy beta. It tests the ability of a value strategy based on the popular "dividend yield" effect to achieve abnormal performance. The results show that the good performances of the Dow 10 are not attributable to its ability to select stocks with high scores or his ability to anticipate market movements. Moreover, being in competition with the regression of Litzenberger and Ramaswamy (1979) and a model replicating the methodology Fama and French (1993), the Sharpe‟s asset pricing model stands out as the best model for forecasting returns. To show that the beta captures the dividend yield effect, we propose a new formulation of the CAPM. We propose a decomposition of beta into two risk factors: a systematic basis risk and a risk factor related to dividend yield. Overall, the efficient market hypothesis seems to be verified. Indeed, the application of our model improves the explanatory power of 3% of the CAPM and our regression coefficients are significant at 1%. The “dividend yield” effect is a risk factor already captured by the Sharpe‟s regression.

This paper aims to give an insight into how venture capital work with their investments in the school sector. The purpose of the paper is to examine their work, regarding to goals of the company and the process of controlling the goals.  The study also aims to determine the way the companies work with value growth. This study uses a qualitative research method, where the theories license to operate, the relationship value management framework, agency-principal and new public management theory is tested in relation to the collected data. Eleven persons were interviewed in this paper. This paper also aims to give an overview to venture capital in the school sector, where it will examine whether financial goals could collide with social goals. What the study can tell is that venture capital does not have a license to operate in this sector, according to the theory. The collision of financial goals and social goals can cause a problem, but an all-around answer can’t be given. What leads to mismanagement is not a question regarding the structure of the ownership but rather about unserious owners, which can come in different forms, not just venture capital. The companies included in this paper do not work with the operational work, they delegate that work to the schools. They act as active owners through strategic directions and decisions for the schools. The companies included in this paper work with long-term aims even though they act as owners in short-term.

Magistro baigiamajame darbe nagrinėjama investicijų planavimo, klasifikavimo, pasirinkimo galimybės, investicinio portfelio sudarymo metodai ir ilgalaikės strategijos teoriniu aspektu, bei išanalizuotos investicinių fondų strategijos trimis finansų rinkos laikotarpiais. Tyrimo objektas – investiciniai įrankiai, ilgalaikės investavimo strategijos. Tikslas – išanalizuoti ilgalaikes investavimo strategijas skirtingais ekonomikos tarpsniais ir išsiaiškinti kas lemia žemus investicinius rezultatus. Magistro baigiamojo darbo uždaviniai – atlikti investavimo ir asmeninių finansų planavimo literatūros analizę, išsiaiškinti investavimo priemones Lietuvoje bei įvertinti jų riziką, išanalizuoti ilgalaikio investavimo į investicinius fondus strategijas, remiantis gautais tyrimo rezultatais pateikti išvadas ir siūlymus investicinių fondų pasirinkimo ir valdymo srityje. Tyrimo metodika: mokslinės literatūros, straipsnių, statistinių duomenų lyginamoji analizė. Nustatytos tokios pagrindinės gairės investicijų pasirinkimui – investavimo tikslų išsikėlimas, naudojant asmens gyvenimo ciklo modelį, ilgo investavimo termino nusistatymas, potencialių ekonominių ir geografinių sektorių pasirinkimas, turto klasės pasirinkimas, investicinio portfelio formavimas. Tiriamojoje dalyje išanalizuotos investicinių fondų valdymo strategijos - vertės augimo: investicijos į išsivysčiusių šalių rinkas, investicijos į Europos vertės augimo rinkas, investicijos į besivystančių šalių rinkas , investicijos į... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In this master graduation work author examines the investment planning, classification, possibilities for the options, methods of the investment portfolio creation and long-term strategies in theoretical approach. Moreover, in this work author analyses investment funds and strategies in three different periods of the financial market. The object of the research – investment tools (instruments), long-term investment strategies. The main goal of this master graduation work is to analyze long-term investment strategies in different economical stages pursue to disclose the cause reason of the low levels in the investment results. The main tasks of this master graduation work is to accomplish analysis of the investment and individual financial planning, to identify investment measures in Lithuania and to assess their risks, to analyze the investment strategies to the long-term investment funds, on the grounds of the research to bring out the conclusions and suggestions in the selection area of investment fund choice and management. Research methodology: analysis of the scientific literature, articles, likewise statistical data comparative analysis. Author identifies the following guidelines for the choice of investment – the elevation of the investment purposes by using personal life cycle model, determination of a long-term investment period, a choice of potential economical and geographical sectors, a choice of the asset classes, and formation of the investment portfolio... [to full text]

Thesis (MComm (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / Measuring the performance of any financial portfolio is only relevant if compared relative to another similar portfolio. Over the years the norm in the industry has been to use market capitalisation indices as benchmarks to measure performance. Market capitalisation indices, such as the FTSE/JSE ALSI, create a natural return drag because of the overweighting of overvalued stocks and the underweighting of undervalued stocks. It is this return drag that led to the creation of the Fundamental Indexing concept by Research Affiliates in 2005. Fundamental Indexing weights stocks based on their economic footprint in the market rather than their market capitalisation. The Fundamental Indexing approach uses four metrics, namely sales, book values, dividends and cash flows to calculate this economic footprint. The Fundamental Index is referred to as the RAFI (Research Affiliates Fundamental Index) Index The Fundamental Index concept delivered very good results when applied to the South African stock market. The South African RAFI Composite Index outperformed the FTSE/JSE All Share Index by 5.55% p.a. compounded annually during the period 1995 to 2006. This return was achieved with a similar risk profile as the FTSE/JSE All Share Index. This index also had similar turnover rates relative to the FTSE/JSE All Share Index. The South African RAFI Composite Index also outperformed the FTSE/JSE All Share Index by 5.48% p.a. compounded during the measurement period when investment income is included. The Fundamental Index outperformance clearly disproves the efficient market hypothesis. According to modern portfolio theory it is impossible to earn abnormal profits in excess of a market capitalisation index. The success of Fundamental Indices proves that market capitalisation indices are not optimal and deliver sub-optimal returns. Specifically, it can be seen that the South African market is inefficient and that the FTSE/JSE All Share Index is not the best tool for measuring the performance of the financial markets in South Africa.