Investors are always searching the market for stocks that are undervalued and that can potentially create value. One way of finding undervalued stocks is to carefully analyze firms’ accounting ratios. Researchers have in the past found evidence that an investment in value stocks, often categorized as low P/E and low P/B ratio stocks, in most cases generates more value than an investment in growth stocks (categorized as high P/E and P/B). However, we found a lack of studies that investigates if this relationship exists on the Swedish market and if it holds true during the financial crisis. This resulted in the following research question:Would a portfolio consisting of value stocks outperform a portfolio consisting of growth stocks on NASDAQ OMX Stockholm?In order to answer the research question a quantitative method with a deductive approach has been applied and historical stock prices and accounting ratios over the time period 2005-2013 have been collected from Thomson Reuters Datastream. Returns were then calculated and portfolios of value and growth stocks were created based on the accounting ratios for every year. The returns where risk-adjusted with the help of the Sharpe-ratio before the Mann-Whitney U test was used in order to see if there is a significant difference between value and growth portfolios.For the price to earnings ratio the risk-adjusted returns of the value portfolio only outperformed the risk-adjusted returns of the growth portfolio two years out of the nine years tested. For the price to book measure the risk-adjusted returns of the growth portfolio outperformed the risk-adjusted value portfolio seven out of nine times.The results of the study seems to indicate that growth stocks outperform value stocks, contrary to much of the previous research that has concluded that value stocks outperform growth stocks. However, our findings were not statistically significant and we could not draw any clear conclusions from our results. The study did contribute with new knowledge however, by increasing the data available for value investing in Sweden and highlighting a need for more studies into smaller stock markets and for a period of financial distress, such as the financial crisis.

各國的股票市場無不以流動性、活絡性為主要發展目標，然在我國目前法令規範，上市櫃公司面額固定且須為十元，可能與此目標背道而馳。本文即從法律的角度探討股票之票面金額股制度存在之必要性，並以實證分析探討面額制度對股票流通性暨股利政策之影響。綜合相關文獻探討與本文實證研究分析，上市櫃公司面額固定且須為十元之規定並不利於高價股之流通，且票面金額股制對於目前政府推行海外企業來台上市之政策亦有所影響，而考量現存制度之潛在缺失且在我國證券市場發展愈趨成熟之際，或可引入無面額股票制度，在相關配套措施輔助下，無面額股票制度之推行，除能活絡股票之流通性外，且能促使公司自主的採行健全之股利政策，並有益於吸引海外企業來台上市，對台灣證券市場之國際化不啻是一種幫助。 / This research focuses on the par value stock system, and examines the par value system in Taiwan to see the influence on the liquidity of stock shares and the corporation’s dividend policy. Evidence reveals that the par value of stock certificates with par value of NT $10 has a negative impact on liquidity. Besides, current policy, listing in Taiwan by foreign issuers, is hard to be implemented smoothly because of the par value stock system. Considering the potential weakness of the existing system, perhaps we can adopt no par value stock and other alternatives. After we adopt the new system, we not only improve the liquidity of stock shares, but also encourage enterprises to adopt healthy dividend policy on their own way. Moreover, it’ll upgrade both the internationalization and competitiveness of Taiwan’s capital market.

The Value investment and Growth investment are investment strategies of choosing stocks. These two methods are adopted by international financial investment institutions and mutual fund managers. The study is aim to learn when we classify value stock and growth stock by market-to-book ratio and price-earning ratio, if the investment return would be higher than TSEC weighted index. In addition, we seek for a better investment strategy to improve investment performance further. The study also looks into market abnormal effects , such as January effect, size effect¡Ketc, and also discuss about the variables of stocks holding period and debt ratio. The monthly and yearly investment return rates are used to calculate 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 year accumulated abnormal stock return ratio and evaluate if these variables affect investment performance of value stock and growth stock. The results are as following: 1. When classification of market-to-book ratio are adopted, the investment return of value stock is higher than growth stock. 2. When classification of market-to-book ratio are adopted, the investment return of low debt ratio stock is higher than high debt ratio stock. However, when classification of price-earning ratio are adopted, it is not obvious. 3. When bull market is formed in Taiwan stock market whose index is still low, invest in value stock could get a good long term investment performance. 4. Regarding the evaluation of risk, the vibration of growth stock is more than value stock. The vibration of TSEC weighted index is the least. 5. The January effect exists in Taiwan stock market. However, the size effect is not obvious. 6. TSEC weighted index and the Dow Jones Industrial index affect the investment return of value stock and growth stock; the TSEC weighted index, value stock and growth stock are positively correlated. The Dow Jones Industrial Index, value stock and growth stock are negatively correlated.

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本研究以投資風格為主軸,探討2001年七月到2010年六月間台灣股市的股票區分價值股(value stock)與成長股(growth stock),並篩選樂透型股票(lottery type stock)其具備低股價與高的公司特有風險,探討整體台灣股市依據相關分類的報酬率與風險並探討影響投資報酬率與風險的主要原因。結論如下: 以市價/淨值比、本益比與殖利率分類上，投資績效是價值股優於成長股，以市價/淨值比的價值效益最明顯,同時市價/淨值比之價值股表現亦高於其它分類組合。市價/淨值比、本益比與殖利率分類的二因子分類, 投資績效是價值股優於成長股，以市價/淨值與本益比兩因子做分類的價值效益最明顯。同時市價/淨值與本益比之價值股表現亦高於其它分類組合。不論多頭或空頭市場, 價值型的投資績效投擊敗成長型,空頭時期的價值型投資相對較抗跌,而成長型股票跌幅較市場大。 風險衡量上，樂透型股票的風險最高、成長股風險次之，價值股最低，但成長型投資績效較差，因此高風險不一定有高報酬。樂透型股票於此期間有異常超額報酬,報酬率高於價值型股票,但其風險(標準差)高於任何分類投資組合,夏普指數(每單位風險所獲得的超額報酬)則以(市價/淨值比、殖利率)分類的價值型組合最佳,主要原因為2001年六月股市屬於低檔,此期間加權股價指數上漲的50.09%,除金融海嘯期間股市大跌外,樂透型股票具備高波動性所以期間股市具備超額報酬。

The master’s thesis is focused on fundamental analysis of stocks. The methods of fundamental analysis including their advantages or difficulties and possibilities of implementation in practice were analysed and described in theoretical part of thesis. The experimental part involved the fundamental analysis of the company ČEZ issued in a calculation of intrinsic value stock. In conclusion, the results of the analysis were compared to a current price of a stock on the Czech stock exchange. In addition, the following methods are used in the investment recommendations concerning stocks of ČEZ.

The aim of this thesis is to analyse the research area of omitted intangible assets from the balance sheet and consider rewards of their potential recognition in the statement of financial position. The theoretical part provides the reader with the current regulation in force and compares it to the regulation prior the standardization and convergence process. The empirical part focuses on valuation of equity of three companies from the pharmaceutical industry based on the model pursued by American professor Stephen Penman. The values obtained are subsequently compared to market prices which are believed to reflect also the possession of omitted intangible assets. Differences identified speak in favour of potential recognition, however these are believed to be marginal comparing to probable inherent risks, which include, inter alia, stock market run-ups and earnings management.