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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Análise integrada de elementos da paisagem da Serra do Tepequém por meio de dados de sensoriamento remoto e de campo

Ezequias Barbosa de Almeida 05 November 2014 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O norte do estado de Roraima é caracterizado por apresentar características importantes nos elementos da paisagem. Esses atributos naturais têm proporcionado à região avanços importantes nas áreas de pesquisas e turismo. Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar a relação da distribuição tipológica da fitofisionomia x relevo e fitofisionomia x pedologia no topo da serra, através da utilização de dados de Sensoriamento Remoto, compartimentação geomorfológica, classes dos solos e dados de campo. Para alcançar esses objetivos foi utilizada uma imagem do sensor OLI, a bordo do satélite Landsat 8, e realizada a correção da interferência dos constituintes atmosféricos por meio do método de subtração do pixel escuro. Foram realizadas operações de realce, ampliação linear do contraste e conversão para composição colorida RGB. As imagens referentes à composição colorida 6R5G8B e banda 5, serviram de referência para a classificação supervisionada por meio do classificador pixel a pixel de máxima verossimilhança (MAXVER). Na fase de treinamento, foram identificados na imagem os pixels correspondentes a cada uma das classes fitofisionômicas pretendidas. Para concretização desse estudo foi realizado trabalho de campo, análises químicas, físicas e matéria orgânica do solo, que analisados de forma integrada resultaram em um mapa de solos e da fitofisionomia da serra. O processamento dos dados foi realizado nos softwares PCI Geomatica versão 10.2, Spring versão 5.2 e ArcGis versão 10. As análises de solos demonstraram solos quimicamente pobres, ácidos, com elevado índice de saturação por alumínio. Na avaliação da classe textural dos perfis, houve predominância da textura Franco-Argilo-Arenosa. A caracterização da geomorfologia para esse estudo foi utilizado uma base de dados de estudos anteriores. Com o desenvolvimento desse trabalho foi possível a elaboração do mapa da fitofisionomia com 3 classes de vegetação, sendo áreas de florestas, savana arbórea e savana graminosa. Igualmente foi elaborado o mapa de solos do topo da serra do Tepequém distribuído em 7 classes de solos incluindo Cambissolo Háplico, Neossolo Litólico, Neossolo Quartzarênico, Plintossolo Pétrico, Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo, Gleissolo Háplico e Argissolo vermelho-Amarelo. A análise integrada desses produtos do relevo e solo x vegetação do topo da serra apresentou resultados importantes, até mesmo numa análise visual de sobreposição dos mapas é possível perceber expressiva relação entre os elementos da paisagem. No tratamento estatístico dos dados entre as relações dos elementos envolvidos, utilizou-se a razão simples entre a freqüência observada e freqüência esperada (Fo/Fe) obtidas através dos cruzamentos das classes. Foi utilizado o teste X (Qui-quadrado) e submetido as análises à correção de Yates. Os resultados estatísticos confirmam significativa relação entre Vegetação x Geomorfologia e Vegetação x Pedologia, determinando então a rejeição da hipótese H0 (não existe relação entre os elementos da paisagem) e aceitação da hipótese H1 (existe relação entre os elementos da paisagem). A área de floresta apresentou maior relação com os Cambissolos e vales encaixados. A savana arbórea apresentou afinidade com Neossolos e encosta enquanto a savana graminosa teve maior relação com Gleissolo e relevos de morros alinhados e planícies. / The northern state of Roraima is characterized in that distinction from other regions flaps peculiar characteristics of landscape elements that compose it. In the surroundings of this region, the municipality of Amajarí stands out with the Tepequém saw presenting diverse fitopaisagem, high lands and vast scenic beauty. This study aims to analyze the relationship of the typological distribution of vegetation type and vegetation type x x relief pedology at the top of the Sierra, through the use of remote sensing data, geomorphological subdivision, soil classes and field data. To achieve these goals we used a picture of OLI sensor onboard Landsat 8, and performed to correct the interference of atmospheric constituents through the dark pixel subtraction method. Enhancement operations were performed, linear expansion of contrast and conversion to RGB color composite. Images related to 6R5G8B colorful composition and band 5, served as reference for the supervised classification by pixel classifier pixel maximum likelihood (MAXVER). In the training phase, were identified in the corresponding image pixels to each of the required phytophysionomic classes. To achieve this study was conducted fieldwork, chemical, physical and soil organic matter, which analyzed in an integrated manner resulted in a map of soil and vegetation type of the Sierra. Data processing was carried out in PCI Geomatica software version 10.2, Spring 5.2 and ArcGIS version 10. The soil analysis showed chemically poor soils, acids, with high content of aluminum saturation. In evaluating the textural class of profiles, a predominance of Franco-Clay-Sandy texture. The characterization of the geomorphology used for this study was a previous study database. With the development of this work was possible the structure of the vegetation type map with 3 vegetation classes, with areas of forest, wooded savanna and savanna graminosa. It was also designed the top of the soil map of Tepequém saw distributed in seven soil classes including Cambisol, Udorthent, Quartzipsamment, Plinthosol Petrico, Oxisol, Epiaquic Haplustult and red Argisoil. The integrated analysis of these products relief and soil x the top of the mountain vegetation presented important results, even a visual analysis of overlap of maps you can see significant relationship between landscape elements. In the statistical treatment of data between the relationships of the elements involved, we used the simple ratio of the observed frequency and expected frequency (Fo / Fe) obtained from the intersections of classes. We used the X test (chi-square) and submitted the analysis to Yates. Statistical results confirm significant relationship between vegetation and vegetation x x Geomorphology Pedology, then determining the rejection of the hypothesis H0 (no relationship between landscape elements) and acceptance of the hypothesis H1 (there is a relationship between landscape elements). The forest area showed higher with Cambisols and deep valleys. The tree savannah showed affinity with Neossolos and slope while graminosa Savannah had a greater relationship with Gleysol and reliefs lined hills and plains.
2

Invasive Earthworm (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) Populations in varying Vegetation Types on a Landscape- and Local-scale

Choi, Amy 21 November 2012 (has links)
There have been no landscape-scale studies on earthworm populations in Canada comparing vegetation types; previous studies on edge habitats have been conducted in agricultural systems. I examined the spatial variations of earthworm populations by measuring abundance based on regional municipality, vegetation type, and edge habitat. Earthworms were sampled throughout the season across a gradient of vegetation types including meadow, forest edge, and interior at a local-scale; and at the landscape level with vegetation types including meadow, deciduous forest, pine plantation and mixed forest. Regional effects were more significant than vegetation type likely due to a gradient of soil characteristics in southern Ontario; edges had intermediate earthworm abundance and a higher proportion of epigeic species. My research provides insight into the patterns of earthworm populations in southern Ontario and the possible effects of edge creation through landscape fragmentation. Field sampling of earthworm parasitoid cluster-flies (Calliphoridae: Pollenia) using synomones was also discussed.
3

Invasive Earthworm (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) Populations in varying Vegetation Types on a Landscape- and Local-scale

Choi, Amy 21 November 2012 (has links)
There have been no landscape-scale studies on earthworm populations in Canada comparing vegetation types; previous studies on edge habitats have been conducted in agricultural systems. I examined the spatial variations of earthworm populations by measuring abundance based on regional municipality, vegetation type, and edge habitat. Earthworms were sampled throughout the season across a gradient of vegetation types including meadow, forest edge, and interior at a local-scale; and at the landscape level with vegetation types including meadow, deciduous forest, pine plantation and mixed forest. Regional effects were more significant than vegetation type likely due to a gradient of soil characteristics in southern Ontario; edges had intermediate earthworm abundance and a higher proportion of epigeic species. My research provides insight into the patterns of earthworm populations in southern Ontario and the possible effects of edge creation through landscape fragmentation. Field sampling of earthworm parasitoid cluster-flies (Calliphoridae: Pollenia) using synomones was also discussed.
4

Variation in nitrogen deposition and available soil nitrogen in a forest–grassland ecotone in Canada

Köchy, Martin, Wilson, Scott D. January 2004 (has links)
Regional variation in nitrogen (N) deposition increases plant productivity and decreases species diversity, but landscape- or local-scale influences on N deposition are less well-known. Using ion-exchange resin, we measured variation of N deposition and soil N availability within Elk Island National Park in the ecotone between grassland and boreal forest in western Canada. The park receives regionally high amounts of atmospheric N deposition (22 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹). N deposition was on average higher ton clayrich luvisols than on brunisols, and areas burned 1 – 15 years previously received more atmospheric N than unburned sites. We suggest that the effects of previous fires and soil type on deposition rate act through differences in canopy structure. The magnitude of these effects varied with the presence of ungulate grazers (bison, moose, elk) and vegetation type (forest, shrubland, grassland). Available soil N (ammonium and nitrate) was higher in burned than unburned sites in the absence of grazing, suggesting an effect of deposition. On grazed sites, differences between fire treatments were small, presumably because the removal of biomass by grazers reduced the effect of fire. Aspen invades native grassland in this region, and our results suggest that fire without grazing might reinforce the expansion of forest into grassland facilitated by N deposition.
5

Föryngringsresultatet efter sådd av contortatall (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) i Härjedalen

Nilsson, Anders, Beckman, Eric January 2014 (has links)
Den här studien är en uppföljning av föryngringsresultatet efter maskinell sådd av contorta ( Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) i Härjedalen. Efter tre växtsäsonger uppgick det totala antalet såddplantor till 3 700 per ha och antalet huvudplantor uppgick till 1 800 per ha. Andelen nollytor uppgick till 2 %. Det var ingen skillnad i föryngringsresultat mellan låg och hög altitud. Generellt gav maskinell sådd av contorta ett tillfredsställande föryngringsresultat. På mindre bördig mark var såväl det totala antalet såddplantor som antalet huvudplantor högre än på bördigare mark. / Mechanical regeneration by seeding of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) in the province of Härjedalen in Sweden was studied. After three growing seasons the total number of seedlings were 3 700 per ha and the number of main seedlings were 1 800 per ha. 2% of the sample plots had no plants within 3 m. No difference could be found between objects on high and low altitudes. In general mechanical seeding gave satisfactory regeneration. On low fertile soils the total number of seedlings as well as the future main seedlings was higher than on more fertile soils.
6

Coleoptera aquáticos associados a troncos submersos em córregos de baixa ordem localizados em diferentes tipos de vegetação do Estado de São Paulo

Valente Neto, Francisco 04 March 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:31:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3590.pdf: 1498556 bytes, checksum: e35a7d27b705eabeb03c860c8df85ec0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-04 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / Riparian vegetation is source of wood debris in streams so variation in vegetation type promote difference in biomass and richness of these substrates, which affect composition and abundance of insects associated with submerged wood. Aquatic Coleoptera associated with submerged wood debris is pointing out to it importance in the wood breakdown. For evaluated if the vegetation type influences community of aquatic Coleoptera associated with submerged wood debris, we collected submerged wood in eight Atlantic Rainforest streams, eight Cerrado streams and we include two Semideciduous Forest streams. We applied different statistical analysis (redundancy analyses, PERMANOVA and partitioning variation) to test if the taxonomic composition in Cerrado streams was different from Atlantic Rainforest streams and to verify what cause this possible difference, environmental variables, spatial variables or both. We found 1617 organisms distributed in 12 families and 29 genus. We found two boring genus of submerged wood debris for Neotropical region, Lutrochus and Stegoelmis, which play important role to food chain of streams, due to availability of nutrients and microhabitats at wood. The results of taxonomic composition of aquatic Coleoptera associated with submerged wood debris showed differences between Atlantic Rainforest and Cerrado streams, exhibiting that the vegetation type is important factor for the composition of this community. We argued that this is because of differences in composition and structure of vegetation, which cause differences in richness and biomass of submerged wood in streams. / A mata ripária é fonte de troncos e galhos para os córregos, de modo que variações nessa vegetação geram diferenças na biomassa e na riqueza desses substratos, interferindo na composição e abundância de insetos associados a troncos submersos. Coleoptera aquáticos associados a troncos submersos se destacam no processo de decomposição de troncos submersos, através de comportamento alimentar (raspar), que favorece a instalação de micro-organismos e consequentemente aumenta a riqueza e abundância de macroinvertebrados em troncos. Para testar se o tipo de vegetação interfere na fauna de Coleoptera aquáticos associados a troncos submersos nós coletamos este substrato em 18 córregos, oito em áreas de Cerrado, oito em áreas de Mata Atlântica e em outros dois de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual. Aplicamos diferentes análises estatísticas (análise de redundância exploratória, PERMANOVA e análise de partição de variância) para testar se a composição taxonômica dessa fauna em córregos de Cerrado difere daquela de Mata Atlântica e para verificar se essa possível diferença se deve a variáveis ambientais, variáveis espaciais ou ambas. Encontramos 1617 organismos, distribuídos em 12 famílias e 29 gêneros, com destaque para dois gêneros minadores de troncos para a região Neotropical, Lutrochus e Stegoelmis, que desempenham função importante para a cadeia trófica dos córregos, pela disponibilização de nutrientes e pela capacidade de produzir ranhuras e galerias. Constatamos diferenças na composição taxonômica de Coleoptera aquáticos associados a troncos, indicando que o tipo de vegetação é importante na composição dessa fauna, principalmente devido a diferenças na composição e na estrutura da vegetação, que refletem diferenças na riqueza e na biomassa de troncos submersos em córregos.
7

Extraction and Analysis of Baseline Data for Protected Area Management Using Geographic Information Systems, Remote Sensing and Ecological Niche Modeling Case Study: Armando Bermúdez National Park in the Cordillera Central of the Dominican Republic / Erstellung und Analyse von Basisdaten für das Schutzgebietsmanagement mittels Geographischer Informationssysteme, Fernerkundung und ökologischer Nischenmodellierung Fallstudie: Nationalpark Armando Bermúdez in der Zentralkordillere der Dominikanischen Republik

Bachmann, Beatrice Yvonne 10 November 2011 (has links)
No description available.
8

Análise da vegetação em um fragmento de caatinga no município de Porto da Folha, Sergipe, Brasil

Oliveira, Diogo Gallo de 26 June 2012 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research was conducted in a fragment of Caatinga with around 50 ha in São Pedro farm, located at Porto da Folha City, Sergipe, order to know the floristic composition and phytossociological structure of herbaceous and shrub-tree components, verify the relationships physiognomic of the shrub-tree with other Caatinga areas, as well as the existence of edge effect in the fragment studied, with the intention of generate subsidies to studies of ecology, conservation and recovery of degraded areas in the region. Thus, it was tested the following null hypotheses: 1st - there is no difference in the structure and richness of shrub-tree of fragment studied in comparison with other areas of Caatinga analyzed in Sergipe and in the Northeast; 2nd - there is no difference in the floristic composition and phytossociological structure of herbaceous vegetation between two seasons (dry and wet); 3rd - there is no difference in the floristic composition and structure of the shrub-tree between edge and interior of the fragment Caatinga studied. For testing the first hypothesis, it was conducted sampling of shrub- tree through of 25 plots, with 20x20m (400m²), distributed systematically at intervals of 141 m in two directions perpendicular to each plot. All individuals of shrubs-trees were identified and recorded with at breast height circumference (BHC at 1.30 m from ground level) ≥ 6.0 cm and analyzed the floristic composition, the phytossociological structure (density, frequency, dominance and importance value), diversity in addition to spatial distribution and floristic similarity. Species richness and structural parameters of the component of shrubs-trees found in the fragment studied was higher than in most surveys in other areas of Caatinga dominium, considering the different types analyzed ( Caatinga Caducifólia Espinhosa , Caatinga Caducifólia Não Espinhosa and Vegetação Estacional Decidual ). The vegetation that was in the fragment studied can be classified as Caatinga Caducifólia Espinhosa (Caatinga sensu stricto) showed the highest similarity to other semiarid areas that have this same type of plant formation. For testing the second hypothesis, two samples were realized of the herbaceous component for comparison, in the rainy season and one during the dry season on 25 smaller plots with 1x1 m (1m ²) distributed systematically within plots of 20x20m, a distance of 10 meters, following is the angle of 45° from the first vertex of each plot. All living plants were measured and identified with stem/pseudo-stem chlorophyll with absence or low level of lignifications that were not seedlings of woody species and analyzed the floristic composition, the phytossociological structure (density, frequency, dominance and importance value), diversity in addition to life forms of Raunkiaer. The density, frequency, dominance and importance value of herbaceous populations, as well as height and diameter of plants were low in the dry season. The diversity of herbaceous species recorded for the fragment was more than most of the studies that was done in other areas of Caatinga of Northeast Brazil, which can be associated to good state of conservation of the studied fragment. The life-form predominant of vegetation was the therophytes, followed by phanerophytes, featuring a therophytic phytoclimate to the region of the study area. The analysis of structural patterns and diversity conducted only in two distinct seasons are not enough to know, in detail, the ecological dynamics of the herbaceous component of caatinga in the fragment studied. For test the third hypothesis were selected 24 permanent plots with 20x20 m, being 12 marked in the edge and 12 inside the fragment, in a systematic manner, at intervals of 141 m. In each plot were identified and recorded all individuals of shrubs and trees with at breast height circumference (BHC at 1.30 m from xii ground level) ≥ 6.0 cm and measured variables dendrometric for the calculations of diversity and structure, addition to these variables was calculated leaf area index using hemispherical photos with the lens "fisheye" 180 ° in the center of each plot. We used non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) to check whether there are differences in species composition between plots of the edge and interior. To determine the floristic similarity between plots evaluated in different environments, we used the similarity analysis (ANOSIM). Differences between the sampled environmental variables (dependent variables) in relation to the location of the edge and interior plots (independent variable) were tested using generalized linear models (GLM's). The plots of edge presented 43 species and 1157 individuals, while the interior of the 1377 individuals and 42 species. The NMDS ordination showed that there are not clear differences in species composition between the two environments analyzed (edge and interior). The five structural parameters vegetation analyzed between plots located the edges and interior the fragment (tree height, stem diameter, basal area, number of individuals and leaf area index) did not result in statistically significant differences. In relation to the richness, diversity species and evenness indexes was verified also that there is no statistically significant difference between the environment the edge and interior. The physiognomic and structural similarities of vegetation in the study area, evidenced by the richness, abundance and distribution of species in different locations (edge and interior), suggest the existence of a common pattern, possibly related to the availability of resources in an equitable manner (as light, water and nutrients), history of conservation of the vegetation of the fragment, as well as the heterogeneity and complexity of the environmental area. Indicating that the community arbustivo-arboreal of the fragment of Caatinga studied is not ecologically affected by the presence of the edges. / O presente trabalho foi realizado em um fragmento de Caatinga com aproximadamente 50 ha, pertencente à fazenda São Pedro, localizada no município de Porto da Folha, Sergipe, objetivando conhecer a composição florística e a estrutura fitossociológica do componente herbáceo e arbustivo-arbóreo, verificar as relações fitofisionômicas do estrato arbustivo-arbóreo com outras áreas de Caatinga, bem como a existência de efeito de borda no fragmento estudado, com o intuito de gerar subsídios aos estudos de ecologia, conservação e recuperação de áreas degradadas na região. Deste modo foram testadas as seguintes hipóteses nulas: 1ª - não existe diferença na riqueza e estrutura da vegetação arbustivo-arbóreo do fragmento estudado em relação a outras áreas de Caatinga analisadas em Sergipe e no Nordeste; 2ª - não existe diferença na composição florística e estrutura fitossociológica do estrato herbáceo entre duas estações do ano (seca e chuvosa); 3ª - não existe diferença na composição florística e estrutura do estrato arbustivo-arbóreo entre borda e interior do fragmento de Caatinga estudado. Para testar a primeira hipótese foi realizada a amostragem da vegetação arbustivo-arbórea por meio de 25 parcelas, com 20x20m (400m²), distribuídas sistematicamente a intervalos de 141 m em duas direções perpendiculares entre cada parcela. Foram identificados e registrados todos os indivíduos arbustivo-arbóreos com circunferência à altura do peito (CAP a 1,30m do nível do solo) ≥ 6,0 cm e analisadas a composição florística, a estrutura fitossociológica (densidade, frequência, dominância e valor de importância), a diversidade, além da distribuição espacial e similaridade florística. A riqueza de espécies e os parâmetros estruturais do componente arbustivo-arbóreo encontrados no fragmento estudado foram superiores à maioria dos levantamentos em outras áreas do domínio Caatinga, considerando-se as diferentes tipologias analisadas (Caatinga Caducifólia Espinhosa, Caatinga Caducifólia Não Espinhosa e Vegetação Estacional Decidual). Para testar a segunda hipótese foram realizadas duas amostragens do componente herbáceo para comparação, uma na estação chuvosa e outra na seca, em 25 subparcelas, com 1x1m (1m²), distribuídas sistematicamente dentro de parcelas de 20x20m, a uma distância de 10 metros, seguindo-se a angulação de 45º a partir do primeiro vértice de cada parcela. Foram mensuradas e identificadas todas as plantas vivas com caule/pseudocaule clorofilado, com ausência ou baixo nível de lignificação que não fossem plântulas de espécies lenhosas e analisadas a composição florística, a estrutura fitossociológica (densidade, frequência, dominância e valor de importância), a diversidade, além das formas de vida de Raunkiaer. A densidade, freqüência, dominância e valor de importância das populações herbáceas, bem como, a altura e o diâmetro das plantas foram menores na estação seca. A diversidade de espécies herbáceas registrada para o fragmento foi superior a maioria dos trabalhos realizados em outras áreas de Caatinga do Nordeste brasileiro, fato que possivelmente pode estar associado ao bom estado de conservação do fragmento estudado. A forma de vida predominante da vegetação foi o terófito, seguido do fanerófito, caracterizando um fitoclima terofítico-fanerofítico para a região da área de estudo. A análise dos padrões estruturais e de diversidade realizados apenas em duas estações distintas não são suficientes para conhecer, de forma aprofundada, a dinâmica ecológica do componente herbáceo da caatinga no fragmento estudado. Para testar a terceira hipótese foram selecionadas 24 parcelas de área fixa com 20x20 metros, sendo 12 demarcadas na borda e 12 no interior do fragmento, de modo sistemático, a intervalos de 141 m. Em cada parcela foram identificados e registrados todos os indivíduos arbustivo-arbóreos com circunferência à altura do peito (CAP a 1,30m do nível do solo) ≥ 6,0 cm e mensuradas as variáveis dendrométricas para a realização dos cálculos de diversidade e estrutura, além x dessas variáveis foi calculado o índice de área foliar por meio de fotos hemisféricas com a lente olho de peixe de 180º no centro de cada parcela. Foi utilizado o escalonamento multidimensional não métrico (NMDS) para verificar a existência ou não de diferença na composição de espécies entre as parcelas da borda e do interior. Para a determinação da similaridade florística entre as parcelas avaliadas nos diferentes ambientes, foi utilizada a análise de similaridade. Diferenças entre as variáveis ambientais amostradas (variáveis dependentes) em relação à localização das parcelas de borda e interior, (variável independente) foram testadas usando modelos lineares generalizados (GLM´s). As parcelas de borda apresentaram 1157 indivíduos e 43 espécies, enquanto as do interior, 1377 indivíduos e 42 espécies. A ordenação NMDS mostrou que não existem diferenças claras na composição de espécies entre os dois ambientes analisados (borda e interior). Os cinco parâmetros estruturais da vegetação analisados entre as parcelas localizadas na borda e no interior do fragmento (altura das árvores, diâmetro do fuste, área basal, número de indivíduos e índice de área foliar) não resultaram em diferenças estatísticas significativas. Em relação aos índices referentes à riqueza, diversidade de espécies e equabilidade verificou-se, também, que não existe diferença estatística significativa entre o ambiente da borda e do interior. As semelhanças fisionômicas e estruturais da vegetação na área de estudo, evidenciadas pela riqueza, abundância e distribuição das espécies nos diferentes locais (borda e interior), sugerem a existência de um padrão comum, relacionado possivelmente com a disponibilidade de recursos de forma igualitária (como luz, água e nutrientes), histórico de conservação da vegetação do fragmento, bem como pela heterogeneidade e complexidade ambiental da área, indicando que a comunidade arbustivo-arbórea do fragmento de Caatinga não é ecologicamente afetada pela presença das bordas.
9

Literature Review of the impacts of riparian vegetation on stream chemistry

Oluju, Philemon January 2017 (has links)
Water quality in streams around the world continues to be degraded by a series of human activities that feed pollutants into the vulnerable stream ecosystem via surface and subsurface runoff. This continues to accelerate global biodiversity and habitat losses within the stream environments and across entire watersheds with net adverse effects on public health and the ability of communities and ecosystems to adapt or become resilient to the prevalent impacts of climate change. One commonly used approach for protecting stream water from pollution is the use of vegetated riparian buffer zones to mitigate pollutants in surface and subsurface runoff prior to runoff entry into the stream channel. The optimal success of this approach requires land and water resource managers to understand the mechanisms by which riparian buffer zones function and the full range of factors that influence the effectiveness of riparian buffer vegetation in abating stream water pollution. Despite this need, resource managers in different geographical locations around the world still struggle to understand the linkages between riparian vegetation and stream chemical quality. This literature review therefore sought to synthesize findings from various scientific articles on the ways in which the major attributes of riparian vegetation [type, age, width, restoration and shading effect] influence the effectiveness of riparian vegetation in protecting the chemical quality of water in streams. This was aimed at generating conclusions and perspectives that could improve academic knowledge and natural resource managers’ understanding of the intricate linkage between riparian vegetation and changes in water chemistry. The study finds that the factors of riparian vegetation type, age, width, restoration and shading effects require due consideration in the development of riparian buffer zone and stream water chemical quality management interventions. I find that these factors require a high degree of integration, triangulation and context-specificity to achieve the objectives of riparian management intervention. I further find that stream water quality decision-making processes need to combine riparian vegetation-based approaches with other measures for mitigating and containing the spillage of pollutants at the source. / <p>Presentation was conducted via Skype</p>

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