De nos jours, Le nombre de dispositifs ne cesse d’augmenter ce qui induit une forte demande des applications en données multimédia. Cependant gérer des données massives générées et consommées par les utilisateurs mobiles dans une zone urbaine reste une problématique de taille pour les réseaux cellulaires existants qui sont à la fois limités en termes de cout et de bande passante mais aussi due à la nature de telles données centrées- connexion. D’autre part, l’avancée technologique en matière de véhicules autonomes permet de constituer une infrastructure prometteuse capable de prendre en charge le traitement, la sauvegarde, et la communication de ces données. En effet, Il est maintenant possible de recruter des véhicules intelligents pour des fins de collecte, de stockage, et de partage des données hétérogènes en provenance d’un réseau routier afin de répondre aux demandes des citoyens via des applications. Par conséquent, nous tirons profit de l'évolution récente en « information Centric Networking » ICN afin d'introduire deux nouvelles approches de collecte et de stockage de contenu par les véhicules, nommées respectivement VISIT et SAVING, plus efficaces et plus proches de l'utilisateur mobile en zone urbaine ainsi nous remédions aux problèmes liés à la bande passante et le coût. VISIT est une plate-forme qui définit de nouvelles mesures de centralité basées sur l'intérêt social des citoyens afin d’identifier et de sélectionner l'ensemble approprié des meilleurs véhicules candidats pour la collecte des données urbaines. SAVING est un système de stockage de données sociales, qui présente une solution de mise en cache des données d’une façon collaborative entre un ensemble de véhicules parmi d’autres désignés et recrutés selon une stratégie des théorie des jeux basée sur les réseaux complexes. Nous avons testé ces deux méthodes VISIT et SAVING sur des données simulées pour environ 2986 véhicules avec des traces de mobilité réalistes en zone urbaine, et les résultats ont prouvés que les deux méthodes permettent non seulement une collecte et un stockage efficaces mais aussi bien scalables / The growth in the number of mobile devices today result in an increasing demand for large amount of rich multimedia content to support numerous applications. It is however challenging for the current cellular networks to deal with such increasing demand, both in terms of cost and bandwidth for the ``massive'' content generated and consumed by mobile users in an urban environment due to its connection-centric nature. The technological advancement in modern vehicles allow us to harness their computing, caching and communication capabilities to supplement infrastructure network. It is now possible to recruit smart vehicles to collect, store and share heterogeneous data on urban streets in order to provide citizens with different services. Therefore, we leverage the recent shift towards Information Centric Networking (ICN) to introduce two schemes, VISIT and SAVING for the efficient collection and storage of content at vehicles, closer to the urban mobile user to avoid bandwidth and cost. VISIT is a platform which defines novel centrality metrics based on the social interest of urban users to identify and select the appropriate set of best candidate vehicles to perform urban data collection. SAVING is a social-aware data storage system which exploits complex networks to present game-theoretic solutions for finding and recruiting vehicles adequate to perform collaborative content caching in an urban environment. VISIT and SAVING are simulated for around 2986 vehicles with realistic urban mobility traces and comparison results with other schemes in literature suggest both not only efficient but also scalable data collection and storage systems

Les réseaux ad hoc de véhicules accueillent une multitude d'applications intéressantes. Parmi celles-ci, les applications d'info divertissement visent à améliorer l'expérience des passagers. Ces applications ont des exigences rigides en termes de délai de livraison et de débit. De nombreuses approches ont été proposées pour assurer la qualité du service des dites applications. Elles sont réparties en deux couches: réseau et contrôle d'accès. Toutefois, ces méthodes présentent plusieurs lacunes.Cette thèse a trois volets. Le premier aborde la question du routage dans le milieu urbain. A cet égard, un nouveau protocole, appelé SCRP, a été proposé. Il exploite l'information sur la circulation des véhicules en temps réel pour créer des épines dorsales sur les routes et les connectées aux intersections à l'aide de nœuds de pont. Ces derniers collectent des informations concernant la connectivité et le délai, utilisées pour choisir les chemins de routage ayant un délai de bout-en-bout faible. Le deuxième s'attaque au problème d'affectation des canaux de services afin d'augmenter le débit. A cet effet, un nouveau mécanisme, appelé ASSCH, a été conçu. ASSCH collecte des informations sur les canaux en temps réel et les donne à un modèle stochastique afin de prédire leur état dans l'avenir. Les canaux les moins encombrés sont sélectionnés pour être utilisés. Le dernier volet vise à proposer un modèle analytique pour examiner la performance du mécanisme EDCA de la norme IEEE 802.11p. Ce modèle tient en compte plusieurs facteurs, tels que l'opportunité de transmission, non exploitée dans IEEE 802.11p / The fact that vehicular ad hoc network accommodates two types of communications, Vehicle-to-Vehicle and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure, has opened the door for a plethora of interesting applications to thrive. Some of these applications, known as infotainment applications, focus on enhancing the passengers' experience. They have rigid requirements in terms of delivery delay and throughput. Numerous schemes have been proposed, at medium access control and routing layers, to enhance the quality of service of infotainment applications. However, existing schemes have several shortcomings. Subsequently, the design of new and efficient approaches is vital for the proper functioning of such applications.This work proposes three schemes. The first is a novel routing protocol, labeled SCRP. It leverages real-time vehicular traffic information to create backbones over road segments and connect them at intersections using bridge nodes. These nodes are responsible for collecting connectivity and delay information, which are used to select routing paths with low end-to-end delay. The second is an altruistic service channel selection scheme, labeled ASSCH. It first collects real-time service channels information and feeds it to a stochastic model that predicts the state of these channels in the near future. The least congested channels are then selected to be used. The third is an analytical model for the performance of the IEEE 802.11p Enhanced Distributed Channel Access mechanism that considers various factors, including the transmission opportunity (TXOP), unexploited by IEEE 802.11p

Muchas de las actividades que realiza diariamente una persona, están expuestas a diferentes factores de riesgos negativos. Lamentablemente, varios de estos logran concretarse causando grandes pérdidas. Estos hechos amenazan a una persona en su integridad, su vida, su interés y su propiedad. Es por ello, que se deben buscar los medios que mermen el origen de estos eventos o al menos que ayuden a que no sea una gran carga para quien lo padezca. A este mecanismo hoy en día se le llama seguro, el cual es brindado por varias empresas de nuestro país. Con el tiempo estas organizaciones se han convertido en un medio que garantiza la reparación de un siniestro en su totalidad o en gran parte. Es por ello, que cada vez más personas van adquiriendo estos servicios. Dentro de este contexto, las compañías de seguros locales ofrecen distintos tipos de productos y servicios. El seguro vehicular es uno de estos y son los más solicitados porque el índice de siniestralidad en la capital frente a robos, choques y daños materiales en el sector automotriz han ido incrementándose en los últimos años (APESEG, 2019). Por esta razón, la atención de los siniestros se vuelve cada vez más complicada de controlar ya que la comunicación e información compartida entre una central de siniestro vehicular, el procurador y el asegurado se vuelve inexacta y poco confiable debido a la misma naturaleza del servicio y la premura de su atención. El presente estudio aborda las tecnologías y herramientas actuales que se usan en los procesos operativos de la atención de un siniestro vehicular en una empresa que brinda servicios para compañías de seguros. Se empieza mostrando el modelo tradicional de operación de una central de siniestros y su interacción con el procurador y asegurado, luego se presentan las tecnologías y modelos más actuales para que dicha atención sea más oportuna y eficaz, en otras palabras, una mejora en los procesos. Las tendencias van hacia el uso de herramientas de software basadas en plataformas móviles de uso extensivo y su integración con los otros sistemas, el cual es un soporte tecnológico ideal para los servicios que ofrecen las compañías de seguros. / Many of the activities that a person performs daily are exposed to different negative risk factors. Unfortunately, several of them fail to materialize causing great losses. These events threaten a person's integrity, his life, his interest, and his property. For this reason, means should be sought to reduce the origin of these events or at least help prevent them from being a big problem for those who suffer from it. Nowadays this mechanism is called insurance, which is provided by several companies in our country. Over time, these organizations have become a way of guaranteeing the repair of a loss in whole or in part. That is why more and more people are acquiring these services. The local insurance companies offer different types of products and services. Auto insurance is one of them and they are the most requested because the accident rate in the capital due to theft, collisions and material damage has been increasing in recent years (APESEG, 2019). For this reason, request of claims becomes increasingly complicated to control due to the communication and information shared between a vehicle emergency center, the vehicle attorney and the insured becomes inaccurate and unreliable due to the very nature of the service and the urgency of its attention. This study studies the current technologies and tools that are used in the operational processes of the attention of a vehicular accident in a company that provides services for insurance companies. It begins by showing the traditional operating model of a vehicle emergency center and its interaction with the vehicle attorney and the insured. Then the most current technologies and models are presented to make a customer service more effective, in other words, an improvement in processes. The trends are directed to the use of software tools based on widely used mobile platforms and their integration with other systems, which constitutes an ideal technological support for the services offered by insurance companies. / Tesis

This work explores possibilities of Car2Car and Car2X communication. It contains survey of system properties, types of transmission messages, etc. It represents architecture of the system and deals with technical expectations and limitations of system. In the light of the fact that this work is created in the time, when development of this system hasn’t finished yet, the work doesn’t contain details which would allow deeper technical view about area of vehicular communication. The work also deals with the possibility of realization of device, communicating with a similar standard. Like the most suitable standard was chosen an IEEE 802.11a. Mobile unit has been realized by single board computer Mini 2440 and communication has been realized by WiFi module OWS451i, which works as AT modem. Mini 2440 and infrastructure server are based on Linux operation system.

Recent technological advances in the automotive industry have made vehicularsystems increasingly complex in terms of both hardware and software. As thecomplexity of the systems increase, so does the complexity of efficient monitoringof these system. With increasing computational power the field of diagnosticsis becoming evermore focused on software solutions for detecting and classifyinganomalies in the supervised systems. Model-based methods utilize knowledgeabout the physical system to device nominal models of the system to detect deviations,while data-driven methods uses historical data to come to conclusionsabout the present state of the system in question. This study proposes a combinedmodel-based and data-driven diagnostic framework for fault classification,severity estimation and novelty detection. An algorithm is presented which uses a system model to generate a candidate setof residuals for the system. A subset of the residuals are then selected for eachfault using L1-regularized logistic regression. The time series training data fromthe selected residuals is labelled with fault and severity. It is then compressedusing a Gaussian parametric representation, and data from different fault modesare modelled using 1-class support vector machines. The classification of datais performed by utilizing the support vector machine description of the data inthe residual space, and the fault severity is estimated as a convex optimizationproblem of minimizing the Kullback-Leibler divergence (kld) between the newdata and training data of different fault modes and severities. The algorithm is tested with data collected from a commercial Volvo car enginein an engine test cell and the results are presented in this report. Initial testsindicate the potential of the kld for fault severity estimation and that noveltydetection performance is closely tied to the residual selection process.

El proyecto está situado en las laderas al sur de la ciudad de Lima. Actualmente existe una serie de problemas urbanos tales como la escasez de áreas verdes, problemas de accesibilidad, falta de conexión peatonal y vehicular, déficit de equipamiento urbano, que afecta la calidad de vida de los pobladores. Las laderas de Lima se han ido poblando sin tener referentes, ni participación del Estado, que hoy han llegado a albergar a más de 3 millón de personas. Es por esto que se planteó la solución de acoplarse a las propuestas de intervención del programa Barrio Mío y el Plan de Desarrollo Urbano de Lima y Callao (PLAM 2035) en las laderas del Morro Solar en Chorrillos. La propuesta de tesis se enfoca en crear nueva infraestructura habitacional, con la “progresividad” como herramienta fundamental para el diseño y materialización de las diversas tipologías de vivienda, permitirá que esta sea mejorada, transformada y adaptada a las necesidades y preferencias de sus habitantes. El diseño arquitectónico está basado en la disposición e inserción de los bloques de vivienda perpendiculares a la topografía, y a través de ellos, cruza la “alameda central” del proyecto, donde ocurren diversas actividades comerciales que permiten la interacción entre usuarios. En los bloques, se propuso la “calle elevada” que conecta las viviendas en todos los pisos con el espacio urbano en ladera, que busca no ser un corredor o lugar de paso, sino de permanencia. / The project is located on the hills of the city of Lima. There are currently a series of urban problems such as the lack of green areas, accessibility problems, lack of pedestrian and vehicular connection, urban equipment deficit, which affects the quality of life of the inhabitants. The hillsides of Lima have been populated without having references, or participation of the State, which today have reached more than 3 million people. That is why the solution was proposed to join the intervention proposals of the Barrio Mío program and the Urban Development Plan of Lima and Callao (PLAM 2035) on the slopes of the Morro Solar in Chorrillos. The thesis proposal focuses on creating new housing infrastructure, with “progressivity” as a fundamental tool for the design and materialization of the different types of housing, it will allow it to be improved, transformed and adapted to the needs and preferences of its inhabitants. The architectural design is based on the layout and insertion of the housing blocks perpendicular to the topography, and through them, crosses the “central mall” of the project, where various commercial activities occur that allow interaction between users. In the blocks, the “elevated street” that connects the houses on all floors with the urban hillside space, which seeks not to be a corridor or place of passage, but of permanence, was proposed. / Tesis

No description available.

En la presente tesis se realizó el estudio de microsimulación de tráfico de una intersección ubicada al ingreso de la ciudad Huancayo, en el cruce de dos avenidas principales, Av. Mariscal Castilla y Av. Evitamiento, que concentran un alto flujo vehicular y gran congestión de tránsito por la presencia de vehículos particulares, carga ligera y pesada, transporte interprovincial y transporte público. Por lo mencionado, se planteó el objetivo de evaluar y reducir las longitudes de cola para el transporte público mediante un modelo microscópico del sistema (intersección) con el software Vissim 9.0 y presentar una propuesta de mejora a la situación actual mediante un rediseño en la Av. Mariscal Castilla incorporando carriles segregados para el transporte público El estudio de microsimulación de tráfico se desarrolló en 4 etapas. Primero, se realizó mediciones de campo durante 2 días para obtener los datos de aforo vehicular y peatonal, geometría de la intersección, recorridos de desplazamiento y distancias de cola para cada uno de los ingresos. Para la segunda etapa, se elaboró un modelo de microsimulación en el software Vissim 9.0 para analizar el comportamiento operacional de los vehículos. Posteriormente, se planteó un cambio geométrico de los ingresos Norte y Sur, implementando un carril segregado y una fase semaforiza para el transporte público. Finalmente, se presenta los resultados de la propuesta y la comparativa con la realidad actual, logrando disminuir la longitud de cola promedio para el transporte público en un 47.90% y 34.12% de los accesos norte y sur respectivamente. / The research presented in this thesis was carried out with the study of traffic microsimulation of an intersection located at the entrance to Huancayo, at the intersection of two main avenues, Av. Mariscal Castilla and Av. Evitamiento, which concentrate a high vehicular flow and great traffic congestion due to the presence of private vehicles, light and heavy cargo, interprovincial transport and public transport. Therefore, the objective of evaluating and reducing the queue lengths for public transport was raised by means of a microscopic model of the system (intersection) with Vissim 9.0 software and present a proposal to improve the current situation through a redesign in Av . Mariscal Castilla incorporating segregated lanes for public transport. The crossing presents changes in the section of the road that generates traffic jams, conflicts in turns, the lack of stops and signaling is evident. For this reason, the objective of evaluating and reducing public transport queues was set through a microscopic model of the system (intersection) with Vissim 9.0 software and presenting a proposal to improve the current situation through a redesign in Av. Mariscal Castilla incorporates segregated lanes for public transport The traffic microsimulation study was developed in 4 stages. First, field measurements were carried out for 2 days to obtain data on vehicle and pedestrian capacity, intersectiongeometry, travel times and queue lengths for each of the entrances. For the second stage, a microsimulation model was developed in Vissim 9.0 software to analyze the operational behavior of the vehicles. Subsequently, a geometric change of the North and South incomes was proposed, implementing a segregated lane and a traffic light phase for public transport. Finally, the results of the proposal and the comparison with the current reality are presented, managing to reduce the average queue length for public transport by 47.90% and 34.12% of the north and south accesses respectively. / Tesis

The manufacturing of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) is happening and they are aiming at providing an efficient, safe, and seamless driving experience. This is done by offering automated driving together with wireless communication to and from various objects in the surrounding environment. How automated the vehicle is can be classified from level 0 (no automation at all) to level 5 (fully automated). There is many potential attack vectors of CAVs for attackers to take advantage of and these attack vectors may change depending on what level of automation the vehicle have. There are some known vulnerabilities of CAVs where the security has been breached, but what is seemed to be lacking in the academia in the field of CAVs is a place where the majority of information regarding known attack vectors and cyber-attacks on those is collected. In addition to this the attack vectors may be analyzed for each level of automation the vehicles may have. This research is a systematic literature review (SLR) with three stages (planning, conducting, and report) based on literature review methodology presented by Kitchenham (2004). These stages aim at planning the review, finding articles, extracting information from the found articles, and finally analyzing the result of them. The literature review resulted in information regarding identified cyberattacks and attack vectors the attackers may use as a path to exploit vulnerabilities of a CAV. In total 24 types of attack vectors were identified. Some attack vectors like vehicle communication types, vehicle applications, CAN bus protocol, and broadcasted messages were highlighted the most by the authors. When the attack vectors were analyzed together with the standard of ‘Levels of Driving Automation’ it became clear that there are more vulnerabilities to consider the higher level of automation the vehicle have. The contributions of this research are hence (1) a broad summary of attack vectors of CAVs and (2) a summary of these attack vectors for every level of driving automation. This had not been done before and was found to be lacking in the academia.

Le nombre de véhicules circulant sur les routes dans le monde est passé de 500 millions en 1986 à 1 milliard de véhicules en 2010. Un tel réseau routier immense a apporté un certain confort à de nombreux conducteurs mais d'un autre coté il a représenté environs 1,24 millions d'accidents en 2010. Avec ces chiffres vient l'augmentation du niveau des émissions de CO2 et des milliards d'heures perdues dans les embouteillages. Avec le progrès et le développement des technologies sans fil ces dernières années, les réseaux véhiculaires ont rapidement évolués. Beaucoup de constructeurs automobiles et de pays ont intégré et imaginé différentes applications dans les réseaux véhiculaires : des applications de sécurité routières, d'autres pour l'information sur le trafic, ainsi que des applications de divertissement. Cette dernière catégorie d'applications se distingue des autres par la quantité et le volume de données échangées, et constitue un réel problème dû à la nature des communications sans fil véhiculaires. Dans cette thèse, nous traitons le problème de la dissémination d'information dans les systèmes véhiculaires distribués. Notre objectif principal est de proposer des solutions pratiques et réalisables pour diffuser les données dans des environnements véhiculaires réalistes. Le concept de la diffusion des données est large et significatif. Dans ce contexte, nous nous référons à la diffusion de données chaque fois qu'il y a une certaine quantité de données qui doit être répartie sur un réseau distribué sans fil. Les données sont envoyées vers plusieurs destinations (même à tous les nœuds du réseau dans certain cas) qui sont intéressés pour récupérer la totalité ou une partie des informations générées. A titre d'exemples, nous pouvons considérer les applications de partage de fichiers, la diffusion de fichiers multimédia et ainsi de suite. Nous abordons dans cette thèse le problème de dissémination de données dans les réseaux véhiculaires, plus précisément la dissémination de grands volumes de données tel que le contenu multimédia. Avec l'évolution au cours de ces dernières années des réseaux véhiculaires notamment grâce au support de nombreux constructeurs automobiles (e.x. Toyota, Nissan, BMW, Ford, etc.), la quantité de données échangée a augmenté de manière exponentielle au fil des années. Malheureusement malgré l'avancement des technologies de communications sans fil, l'échange de grands volumes de données dans des réseaux véhiculaires reste un réel défi, à cause des caractéristiques de communications sans fil et celles spécifiques aux réseaux véhiculaires. / The number of vehicles on the roads in the world increased from 500 million in 1986 to 1 billion vehicles in 2010. Such a huge road network has brought some comfort to many drivers but on the other hand it represented around 1.24 million accidents in 2010. With the progress and development of wireless technologies these recent years, vehicular networks quickly evolved. Many car manufacturers and countries have built and imagined different applications in vehicular networks: road safety applications, others for traffic information, and entertainment applications. This last category of applications is distinguished from others by the quantity and volume of exchanged data, and represents a real problem due to the lossy nature of vehicular communications. In this thesis, we address the problem of data dissemination in distributed vehicular systems. Our main objective is to provide practical and workable solutions to disseminate data in realistic vehicular environments. The concept of data dissemination is large and significant. In this context, we call data dissemination each time there is a certain amount of data which must be distributed on in wireless network. The data is sent to multiple destinations who are interested to recover all or part of the information. As examples, we can consider the file sharing applications, streaming multimedia files and so on. We discuss in this thesis the data dissemination problem in vehicular networks, specifically the dissemination of large volumes of data such as content distribution. With the evolution in recent years of vehicular networks thanks to many car manufacturers support (eg Toyota, Nissan, BMW, Ford, etc.), the amount of exchanged data has increased exponentially over the years. Unfortunately, despite the advancement of wireless communications technologies, exchange large volumes of data in vehicular networks remains a challenge because of wireless communications features and those specific to vehicular networks.