The aim of my diploma thesis is a design of fire station. The object is designed to be fire station type C and it is for fire brigade. The object is designed in Czech Budweis. The building has two above ground floor. The structural system of building is wall system and reinfroced concrete frame. The roof is warm flat roof. The facade is ventilated with cladding and sandwich facade panel. Drawing part processed in a computer program ArchiCAD.

The aim of the diploma thesis is to elaborate design documentation for the construction of a newly-built firehouse. The building is designed in the cadastral area of Lažínky. The plot is located on the outskirts of the village, in an area that slightly slopes to the south-east. The building is designed as one floor with a partial second floor and a partial cellar. The function of the firehouse is to create the base for the fire unit of the SDH category JPO V. Furthermore, the object concerns an assembly hall with the capacity of 80 guests. The documentation also deals with a parking lot with a total capacity of 31 parking spaces and turning point for cars and buses. The building is based on plain concrete strips. The basement perimeter walls will be made of permanent formwork. Other vertical structures will be made of clay masonry. The reinforced concrete cavity ceiling panels will be used for the floor structures. The roofing is designed as a warm flat roof.

Background Although clinical peer review is a well-established instrument for improving quality of care, clinical effectiveness is unclear. Methods In a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial, we randomly assigned 60 German Initiative Qualitätsmedizin member hospitals with the highest mortality rates in ventilated patients in 2016 to intervention and control groups. The primary outcome was hospital mortality rate in patients ventilated fore more than 24 hours. Clinical peer review was conducted in intervention group hospitals only. We assessed the impact of clinical peer review on mortality using a difference-in-difference approach by applying weighted least squares (WLS) regression to changes in age-adjusted and sex-adjusted standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) 1 year before and 1 year after treatment. Recommendations for improvement from clinical peer review and hospital survey data were used for impact and process analysis. Results We analysed 12 058 and 13 016 patients ventilated fore more than 24 hours in the intervention and control hospitals within the 1-year observation period. In-hospital mortality rates and SMRs were 40.6% and 1.23 in intervention group and 41.9% and 1.28 in control group hospitals in the preintervention period, respectively. The groups showed similar hospital (bed size, ownership) and patient (age, sex, mortality, main indications) characteristics. WLS regression did not yield a significant difference between intervention and control groups regarding changes in SMRs (estimate=0.04, 95% CI= −0.05 to 0.13, p=0.38). Mortality remained high in both groups (intervention: 41.8%, control: 42.1%). Impact and process analysis indicated few perceived outcome improvements or implemented process improvements following the introduction of clinical peer review. Conclusions This study did not provide evidence for reductions in mortality in patients ventilated for more than 24 hours due to clinical peer review. A stronger focus on identification of structures and care processes related to mortality is required to improve the effectiveness of clinical peer review.

<p>Predmet istraživanja načelno se odnosi na razmatranje koncepta dvostrukih ventilisanih fasada (DVF) i njihov uticaj na energetsku efikasnost objekta. Ovaj koncept predstavlja jedan od primera adaptivnih fasada. Plan istraživanja zasnovan je na eksperimentalnom radu (na realnom objektu) i na numeričkim simulacijama modela objekta. Rezultati eksperimentalnog dela istraživanja pokazuju na koji način zavise termičke osobine objekta sa DVF od trenutnih meteorolo&scaron;kih uslova. Takođe, ovi rezultati poslužili su za fino pode&scaron;avanje modela i za postizanje &scaron;to vernije slike realnog objekta. Kriterijum prihvatljivosti, kada je model potvrđen, definisani su sa preporučenim statističkim indikatorima. Na taj način, formiran model u daljoj analizi je kori&scaron;ćen za definisanje sezonskih operativnih strategija. Rezultati simulacija za sve predložene operativne strategije, ocenjuju kakav je njihov uticaj na potro&scaron;nju energije za grejanje i klimatizaciju posmatranog objekta. Poređenjem sa modelima objekta sa tradicionalnom fasadom, pokazana je opravdanost primene koncepta DVF u klimatskim uslovima Beograda.</p> / <p>Research generally refers to the consideration of the concept of a double skin facades (DSF) and their impact on energy efficiency of the building. This concept is an example of adaptive facades. The research plan is based on experimental work and on the numerical model simulation. The results of experimental research works show how energy characteristics of the object with the DSF depend of current meteorological conditions. Also, these results were used to fine-tune the model to achieve as closely as possible the real presentation of the real building. The criterion of eligibility, when the model is verified, are defined with the recommended statistical indicators. Validated model in further analysis is used to define seasonal operational strategies. The simulation results for all proposed operational strategies, assess what is their impact on the building energy consumption for heating and air-conditioning. Compared to the models with a traditional facade, analysis show justification for the application of the concept of DSF in the climatic conditions of Belgrade.</p>

Os sistemas não aderentes de fixação com placas de \"granito\", em comparação com os métodos que empregam argamassas, exigem maior acuidade no projeto e uma avaliação estrutural criteriosa. As metodologias empregadas no país consideram apenas o parâmetro de resistência à tração na flexão na ruptura, não levando em conta outros parâmetros estruturais importantes. Para preencher esta lacuna, o presente trabalho propõe uma metodologia para dimensionamento de três sistemas não aderentes de fixação: fachadas ventiladas, pisos elevados e lajes estruturais. Três \"granitos\" brasileiros de alto valor comercial - Vermelho Capão Bonito (VCB), Preto São Gabriel (PSG) e Branco Desireé (BD) - foram submetidos a ensaios laboratoriais para a determinação do comportamento tensão versus deformação, da tensão de ruptura, dos deslocamentos verticais, do módulo de Young e do coeficiente de Poisson. Estes parâmetros foram empregados para o dimensionamento de fachadas ventiladas e de pisos elevados. Os modelos computacionais do programa STRAP foram calibrados com dados obtidos do monitoramento de protótipos de fachadas e de pisos elevados. Para fachadas ventiladas (placas de 60 x 100 cm) as espessuras calculadas foram de 30 mm para o VCB, de 25 mm para o PSG e de 55 mm para o BD. Para pisos elevados (placas de 60 x 60 cm) as espessuras foram de 35 mm para o VCB, de 30 mm para o PSG e de 35 mm para o BD. Os resultados sugerem que a especificação da espessura mínima de 20 mm, comumente usada em diversos projetos nacionais, não considera aspectos estruturais importantes. / Design on \"granite\" plates for non adherent covering systems, in comparison with mortar methods, needs a structural evaluation. The Brazilian design methodology considers only the breaking load bending tensile strength and do not consider another important structural characteristics. To fill this gap, this thesis presents a methodology for design on three \"granite\" plates for non adherent covering systems: ventilated façades, pedestal paving system and structural slab. Three Brazilian \"granites\" with great commercial acceptance - Capão Bonito Red (CBR), São Gabriel Black (SGB) and Desireé White (DW) were tested to obtain the strength versus strain behavior, the breaking load strength, the modulus of Young and the Poisson coefficient. To structural design this characteristics were applied in computational models, that were calibrated with tests data. The thickness calculated for ventilated façades (slab of 60 x 100 cm) is 30 mm for CBR, 25 mm for SGB and 55 mm for DW. The thickness calculated for pedestal paving system (slab of 60 x 60 cm) is 35 mm for CBR, 30 mm for SGB and 35 mm for DW. This results show that the thickness of 20mm applied for Brazilian practice design criteria do not consider important structural issues.

En plus des aspects électrique, magnétique, vibro-acoustique et mécanique, les considérations thermiques doivent être prises en compte lors des phases de conception et d’optimisation des machines électriques. Ce mémoire se porte sur l’analyse et la simulation du comportement thermique des machines électriques Totalement Fermées et Non Ventilées (TFNV) et plus particulièrement sur le cas de la machine Synchro-réluctante (Synchrel), utilisée comme actionneur d’embrayage. Un modèle thermique détaillé (MTD), décrivant le comportement thermique de la machine Synchrel est conçu. Ce MTD proposé est construit grâce à une combinaison de la méthode à Constantes Localisées (CL) et d’une technique numérique de type Mécanique des Fluides Numériques (MFN). La première méthode est dédiée à la modélisation des transferts conductifs et radiatifs. La seconde permet de modéliser le mécanisme de refroidissement par convection naturelle autour de la machine Synchrel. Compte-tenu de l’importance du mode de refroidissement sur l’évolution des températures critiques, l’approche MFN peut apporter plus de précision. Par contre, elle nécessite des temps de calcul importants ce qui freine son utilisation. Afin de surmonter cette problématique, les résultats numériques obtenus pour des points de fonctionnement particuliers sont utilisés afin de définir des relations de corrélation analytiques. Cette analyse numérique est accompagnée d’une démarche expérimentale afin d’élaborer les corrélations expérimentales correspondantes. L’étude montre que les solutions numériques peuvent converger vers des solutions plus précises si l’on tient compte des données d’incertitudes introduites par cette approche. La deuxième problématique traitée est la détermination des Résistances Thermiques de Contact (RTCs) des machines électriques. Elles constituent des paramètres clefs dans la définition du MTD complet. La démarche de détermination des RTCs est basée sur deux approches d’identification paramétrique. La première est basée sur des observations expérimentales du comportement thermique de la machine. La seconde est basée sur une approche mathématique de réduction de modèle. Les valeurs déterminées sont cohérentes avec la littérature, bien que la machine Synchrel diffère en topologie, taille et puissance. En utilisant la corrélation d’origine numérique du phénomène de convection externe, le MTD complet est alors utilisé afin d’évaluer la variation de température due à l’erreur introduite par la MFN. En utilisant la corrélation expérimentale, le MTD complet est validé. Les approches d’identification paramétrique conduisent à la construction de deux modèles thermiques de second ordre de la machine. Ces modèles permettent la surveillance du comportement thermique du bobinage et du carter. Ces deux modèles simplifiés font montre d’une prédictibilité satisfaisante au regard de leur simplicité. / In addition to electrical, magnetic, vibro-acoustic and mechanical aspects, thermal considerations must be taken into account during the design and optimization of electrical machines. This study focuses on the analysis and the simulation of the thermal behavior of Totally Enclosed Non Ventilated (TENV) electric machines, specifically a Synchro-reluctant motor (Synchrel) in the context of an automotive application : a clutch actuator. A detailed thermal model (MTD) describing the thermal behavior of the Synchrel machine is designed. This proposed MTD is based on a combination of the Lumped Parameter Thermal Network method (LPTN) and the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods. The first method is dedicated to model the conductive and radiative heat transfers. CFD techniques are dedicated to model the cooling mechanism based on the natural convection around the Synchrel machine. Since the critical temperature is very sensitive to the cooling mode, the CFD approach is used in this study to provide more accurate results. On the other hand, it requires considerable computing time, which prevents its use in design studies based on optimization methods. In order to overcome this problem, only some numerical results obtained for particular operating points are used to define an analytical correlation based on the numerical calculation relations. This numerical analysis goes with an experimental approach in order to elaborate the corresponding experimental correlations. This study shows that numerical solutions can present a good accuracy, if uncertainty data introduced by this approach are taken into account. The second research problem addressed in this study is the determination of the Contact Thermal Resistances (RTCs), which are key parameters in the definition of the MTD. The determination procedure of the RTCs is based on two parametric identification approaches. The first one is experimental and based on some observations of the thermal behavior of the machine. The second one is based on a mathematical model reduction approach. The determined values are consistent with results from literature, although the Synchrel machine differs in topology, size and power. Using the numerical correlations, the MTD is used to evaluate the temperature deviation due to error terms introduced by the CFD approach. Then, using these experimental correlations, the MTD’s quality can be checked and approved. Parametric identification approaches lead to the construction of two secondorder thermal models of the machine. These models allow monitoring the thermal behavior of the winding and the casing. Both simplified models show satisfactory predictability with respect to their great simplicity.

Os sistemas não aderentes de fixação com placas de \"granito\", em comparação com os métodos que empregam argamassas, exigem maior acuidade no projeto e uma avaliação estrutural criteriosa. As metodologias empregadas no país consideram apenas o parâmetro de resistência à tração na flexão na ruptura, não levando em conta outros parâmetros estruturais importantes. Para preencher esta lacuna, o presente trabalho propõe uma metodologia para dimensionamento de três sistemas não aderentes de fixação: fachadas ventiladas, pisos elevados e lajes estruturais. Três \"granitos\" brasileiros de alto valor comercial - Vermelho Capão Bonito (VCB), Preto São Gabriel (PSG) e Branco Desireé (BD) - foram submetidos a ensaios laboratoriais para a determinação do comportamento tensão versus deformação, da tensão de ruptura, dos deslocamentos verticais, do módulo de Young e do coeficiente de Poisson. Estes parâmetros foram empregados para o dimensionamento de fachadas ventiladas e de pisos elevados. Os modelos computacionais do programa STRAP foram calibrados com dados obtidos do monitoramento de protótipos de fachadas e de pisos elevados. Para fachadas ventiladas (placas de 60 x 100 cm) as espessuras calculadas foram de 30 mm para o VCB, de 25 mm para o PSG e de 55 mm para o BD. Para pisos elevados (placas de 60 x 60 cm) as espessuras foram de 35 mm para o VCB, de 30 mm para o PSG e de 35 mm para o BD. Os resultados sugerem que a especificação da espessura mínima de 20 mm, comumente usada em diversos projetos nacionais, não considera aspectos estruturais importantes. / Design on \"granite\" plates for non adherent covering systems, in comparison with mortar methods, needs a structural evaluation. The Brazilian design methodology considers only the breaking load bending tensile strength and do not consider another important structural characteristics. To fill this gap, this thesis presents a methodology for design on three \"granite\" plates for non adherent covering systems: ventilated façades, pedestal paving system and structural slab. Three Brazilian \"granites\" with great commercial acceptance - Capão Bonito Red (CBR), São Gabriel Black (SGB) and Desireé White (DW) were tested to obtain the strength versus strain behavior, the breaking load strength, the modulus of Young and the Poisson coefficient. To structural design this characteristics were applied in computational models, that were calibrated with tests data. The thickness calculated for ventilated façades (slab of 60 x 100 cm) is 30 mm for CBR, 25 mm for SGB and 55 mm for DW. The thickness calculated for pedestal paving system (slab of 60 x 60 cm) is 35 mm for CBR, 30 mm for SGB and 35 mm for DW. This results show that the thickness of 20mm applied for Brazilian practice design criteria do not consider important structural issues.

L’évolution actuelle des exigences en termes de performance énergétique des bâtiments a fait apparaître de nouveaux enjeux et problématiques scientifiques, dont ceux liés à l’humidité. Cette étude s’appuie sur une cellule expérimentale construite sur la technologie des maisons à ossature bois et soumise aux conditions climatiques réelles de Grenoble. L’instrumentation de ce bâtiment et le suivi de l’évolution en température et en humidité dans les différentes couches de l’enveloppe permettent de définir des séquences nécessaires à la validation de modèles numériques. Dans cet objectif, un modèle existant nommé HAM-Tools a été utilisé pour simuler les transferts couplés de chaleur, d’air et d’humidité à l’échelle du bâtiment. La démarche de validation a été décomposée en plusieurs étapes, de manière à cibler des transferts spécifiques et d’en améliorer la modélisation. Ces études localisées concernent les transferts couplés de chaleur et de masse à travers les parois solides, la modélisation des transferts de chaleur à travers une lame d’air ventilée et enfin la modélisation du renouvellement de l’air intérieur en conditions naturelles. Pour estimer la précision globale du modèle, c'est-à-dire à l’échelle du bâtiment, une séquence expérimentale a été simulée en prenant en compte l’ensemble des transferts couplés simultanément. Les performances du modèle sont discutées à partir des mesures locales, c'est-à-dire dans les parois, puis globales. La bonne concordance entre mesures et résultats de simulation permet de conclure sur la validité et la généricité de la démarche mise en œuvre et les hypothèses de simulation. Plus particulièrement, il est apparu que l’outil de modélisation permet de prédire correctement le comportement moyen des parois en humidité et en température. Il est donc envisageable de l’utiliser pour simuler et estimer l’impact des constituants des parois en termes de durabilité, de performances énergétiques et de confort de l’occupant. / As energy saving is so important in buildings nowadays, envelopes performances have to be more efficient and have to deal with more obligations, such as moisture accumulation and mould growth. This study relies on an experimental wooden frame house exposed to the natural conditions of Grenoble, France. It has been widely instrumented so the wall’s temperature and humidity is monitored at different depths. As a consequence, complete dataset are available and can be used to validate numerical model. In this work, an existing numerical model named HAM-Tolls has been used to simulate the heat, air and moisture coupled transfers at the building scale. The method developed here consists in validating the numerical model step by step, with studying specific transfers separately. The first step deals with heat and mass transfers across the walls. Then, the heat transfers across a ventilated air gap and the air change rate under natural conditions have been studied much in detail. The final step of this works consists in simulating simultaneously every transfer at the building scale. This latest simulation’s results were compared both on a local and on a global point of view with the measurements. As they were found to be in good agreement, this allows concluding on the methodology efficiency, the validity of the modelling assumption and gives good hope with extending this methodology to other studies. Specifically, the simulation tool is able to predict correctly the average temperature and humidity content within the walls. Therefore, it should be suitable with estimating the wall components influence on the wall durability, its energy efficiency and its impact on the occupant’s thermal comfort.

The project of the Sports and Leisure Centre Brno is dealing with the issue of creating a well functioning sports and recreational complex in Brno. The main subject of this thesis is a modern multifunctional arena with a capacity of 9 800, which is a part of the complex. The multifunctional arena is located alongside the main composition axis, which stretches from West to East through the Rybníček street to the football stadium. The arena contains dressing rooms for the ice hockey home team and visiting team as well as the youth ice hockey teams. The arena can serve multiple purposes and can be used for other sport and cultural events and as a result it also contains backstage areas and large storage rooms.

Project of health center with facilities for civic amenities. It is a three-storey above ground object. On the ground floor there is a pharmacy, a veterinary station and a medical office. On the second floor there are six medical offices and a technical room. On the third floor there are 4 spaces for civic amenities. Vertical load-bearing structure consists of masonry of ceramic blocks and internal monolithic reinforced concrete skeleton. Horizontal load-bearing structure is made of reinforced concrete beams and prestressed reinforced concrete panels. The building is based on concrete foundation strips and reinforced concrete pads. The building is roofed with a warm flat green roof. Thermal insulation of the facade is made of mineral wool insulation and has a ventilated facade.