Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-14T11:32:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Cristina Fernandes do Amarante.pdf: 2131702 bytes, checksum: bbdd9979f22b49522b49e72392bbebd3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-14T11:32:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Cristina Fernandes do Amarante.pdf: 2131702 bytes, checksum: bbdd9979f22b49522b49e72392bbebd3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-02 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / In Brazil, epidemiological studies on canine dermatopathies are scarce and the literature point out several gaps in knowledge about. The aim of this study was to describe the profile of canine population with dermatopathies attended by the Section of Dermatology, Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, testing associations with variables inherent to animals, eating habits, hygiene and in relation to concurrent dermatopathies. The records of all animals attended between January 2005 and December 2010 were organized in a database using the software Epi Info? version 3.5.1. The Chi-square ?? test or Fisher?s exact test, the prevalence ratios and their confidence intervals, the ?? test for linear trend and the respective Odds ratios were used to evaluate the associations. The level of significance adopted was 5%. We reviewed the records of 2,280 dogs, with a total of 3,433 diagnostics, and 113 types of dermatopathies were identified. The population studied was composed predominantly of females (55.2%), adults (58.3%) and defined breed animals (67.32%). The categories of dermatopathies more prevalent were: allergic (41.35%), bacterial (23.94%) and endocrines (22.41%). The categories not zoonotic (94.12%) predominated over zoonotic diseases (5.88%). The more prevalent dermatitis were: atopic dermatitis - AD (31.67%), hypothyroidism (20.75%), bacterial folliculitis (8.42%), demodicosis (8.29%), flea infestation (7.67%) otitis by M. pachydermatis (6.14%), bacterial otitis (5.92%) and flea allergic dermatitis ? FAD (5.8%). Sex was significantly associated with AD, hepatoid adenoma, acute moist dermatitis - AMD, hypothyroidism, hyperadrenocorticism and demodicosis. Significant differences were observed in relation to age and AD, folliculitis, hypothyroidism, hyperadrenocorticism, scabiosis, demodicosis, dermatophytosis, systemic lupus erythematosus and neoplasms. The prevalence of AD, FAD, contact dermatitis, hypothyroidism, scabiosis, discoid lupus erythematosus, otohematoma and neoplasms varied with significant differences in relation to animal breed. In addition, there are statistical evidences of association between: AD and hypothyroidism, use of perfumes and cleaning products; FAD and AD, food allergic dermatitis and type of food; AMD and neutering, hair type and AD; hypothyroidism and neutering; demodicosis, hair type and neutering; sporotrichosis and contact with injuried animals. The study population is characterised by high prevalence of dermatopathies of the categories allergic, bacterial, endocrines, fungal and parasitic diseases and low prevalence of dermatozoonoses. The nosology of the population studied is consistent with the type of service offered by the Section of Dermatology, which is most seek for solving complex problems and in several occasions by private practitioners. It should be noted that the studied population was examined by a dermatologist from an University Veterinary Hospital where the technology could overcome the private clinics. Therefore, despite the validity of results, these should not be extrapolated without care for other populations. The variety of the diagnostics performed indicates that the diagnosis and management of dermatopathies must receive higher attention from graduates and specialists / No Brasil, estudos epidemiol?gicos sobre dermatopatias caninas s?o escassos e a literatura aponta v?rias lacunas no conhecimento. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o perfil da popula??o canina atendida no Setor de Dermatologia da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, e das dermatopatias, testando-as quanto ?s associa??es com vari?veis inerentes aos animais, seus h?bitos alimentares, higi?nicos e em rela??o ?s dermatopatias concorrentes. Os dados de todos os prontu?rios de animais atendidos no per?odo de janeiro de 2005 a dezembro de 2010 foram armazenados em um banco de dados elaborado no programa Epi Info? vers?o 3.5.1. O teste ?? ou exato de Fisher, as raz?es de preval?ncias e seus respectivos intervalos de confian?a, o ?? de tend?ncia linear e as respectivas odds ratio foram empregados na avalia??o da associa??o. O n?vel de signific?ncia adotado foi de 5%. Foram revisados os prontu?rios de 2.280 c?es, nos quais foram realizados 3.433 diagn?sticos e identificadas 113 dermatopatias diferentes. A popula??o estudada foi composta predominantemente por f?meas (55,2%), adultos (58,3%) e animais com ra?a definida (67,32%). As categorias de dermatopatias mais prevalecentes foram: as al?rgicas (41,35), as bacterianas (23,94%) e as end?crinas (22,41%). As categorias n?o zoon?ticas (94,12%) prevaleceram sobre as zoon?ticas (5,88%). As dermatites mais prevalecentes foram: dermatite at?pica- DA (31,67%), hipotireoidismo (20,75%), foliculite bacteriana (8,42%), demodicose (8,29%), infesta??o por pulga (7,67%) otite por M. pachydermatis (6,14%), otite bacteriana (5,92%) e dermatite al?rgica por picada de pulga- DAPP (5,8%). O sexo esteve associado significativamente a DA, ao adenoma hepat?ide, a dermatite ?mida aguda- DUA, ao hipotireoidismo, ao hiperadrenocorticismo e ? demodicose. Diferen?as significativas foram observadas em rela??o ? idade e a DA, ? foliculite, ao hipotireoidismo, ao hiperadrenocorticismo, ? escabiose, ? demodicose, ? dermatofitose, ao l?pus eritematoso sist?mico, e as neoplasias. As preval?ncias de DA, DAPP, dermatite por contato, hipotireoidismo, escabiose, l?pus eritematoso disc?ide, otohematoma e neoplasias variaram com diferen?as significativas em rela??o ? ra?a. H? evid?ncias estat?sticas de associa??o entre: DA e hipotireoidismo, uso de perfumes e produtos de limpeza; DAPP e DA, dermatite al?rgica alimentar e tipo de alimento; DUA e castra??o, tipo de pelagem e DA; hipotireoidismo e castra??o; demodicose, tipo de pelagem e castra??o; esporotricose e contactantes com les?o. A popula??o estudada caracteriza-se por apresentar altas preval?ncias de dermatopatias nas categorias al?rgicas, bacterianas, end?crinas, parasit?rias e f?ngicas e baixas preval?ncias de dermatozonoses. O quadro nosol?gico da popula??o ? coerente com o tipo de servi?o oferecido pelo setor de dermatologia, que ? mais procurado para resolver problemas complexos e em muitas ocasi?es por indica??o de cl?nicos gerais. Deve-se ressaltar que popula??o estudada foi examinada por dermatologista em Hospital Veterin?rio de uma Universidade onde a capacidade tecnol?gica pode superar a da maioria das clinicas privadas. Portanto, apesar da validade interna dos resultados obtidos, estes n?o devem ser extrapolados sem os devidos cuidados para outras popula??es. A variedade de diagn?sticos realizados indica que o diagn?stico e o manejo das dermatopatias devem receber maior aten??o por parte dos graduandos e especialistas

Two broad themes of this research are, 1) to develop a generalized framework for studying the process of patient information acquisition and 2) to develop and evaluate automated techniques for identifying domain-specific vocabulary terms contained in, or missing from, a standardized controlled medical vocabulary with emphasis on those terms necessary for representing the canine physical examination. A generalized framework for studying the process of patient information acquisition is addressed by the Patient Information Acquisition Model (PIAM). PIAM illustrates the decision-to-perception chain which links a clinician's decision to collect information, either personally or through another, with the perception of the resulting information. PIAM serves as a framework for a systematic approach to identifying causes of missing or inaccurate information. The vocabulary studies in this research were conducted using free-text with two objectives in mind, 1) develop and evaluate automated techniques for identifying canine physical examination terms contained in the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine (SNOMED), version 3.3 and 2) develop and evaluate automated techniques for identifying canine physical examination terms not documented in the 1997 release of the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). Two lexical matching techniques for identifying SNOMED concepts contained in free-text were evaluated, 1) lexical matching using SNOMED version 3.3 terms alone and 2) Metathesaurus-enhanced lexical matching. Metathesaurus-enhanced lexical matching utilized non-SNOMED terms from the source vocabularies of the Metathesaurus of the Unified Medical Language System to identify SNOMED concepts in free-text using links among synonymous terms contained in the Metathesaurus. Explicit synonym disagreement between the Metathesaurus and its source vocabularies was identified during the Metathesaurus-enhanced lexical matching studies. Explicit synonym disagreement occurs, 1) when terms within a single concept group in a source vocabulary are mapped to multiple Metathesaurus concepts, and 2) when terms from multiple concept groups in a source vocabulary are mapped to a single Metathesaurus concept. Five causes of explicit synonym disagreement between a source vocabulary and the Metathesaurus were identified in this research, 1) errors within a source vocabulary, 2) errors within the Metathesaurus, 3) errors in mapping between the Metathesaurus and a source vocabulary, 4) systematic differences in vocabulary management between the Metathesaurus and a source vocabulary, and 5) differences regarding synonymy among domain experts, based on perspective or context. Three approaches to reconciling differences among domain experts are proposed. First, document which terms are involved. Second, provide a mechanism for selecting either vocabulary-based or Metathesaurus-based synonymy. Third, assign a "basis of synonymy" attribute to each set of synonymous terms in order to identify the perspective or context of synonymy explicitly. The second objective, identifying canine physical examination terms not documented in the 1997 release of the UMLS was accomplished using lexical matching, domain-specific free-text, the Metathesaurus and the SPECIALIST Lexicon. Terms contained in the Metathesaurus and SPECIALIST Lexicon were removed from free-text and the remaining character strings were presented to domain experts along with the original sections of text for manual review. / Ph. D.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:15:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Marcela Vieira Duboc.pdf: 1587755 bytes, checksum: 20b2378af41ba72c71c757ec0bd3dcb3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-19 / Veterinary dentistry has been presenting expressive development in the past years, but it s still significant that the number of routine consultations, in which the oral cavity clinical examination is not carried out in the patient. The unfamiliarity with the subject importance on the part of the owners, is another factor that complicates the preventive measures adoption and that contributes for elevating the incidence of the periodontal disease, a common illness in dogs and cats which can present local alterations with impact in several organs and tissues. Daily tooth brushing is to better form of prevent the periodontal disease. The objective of this study is to determine the dog and cat tooth brushing feasibility and identify the factors that influence in the achievement of that procedure. The study was carried out with 120 owners, which interfere in the dog and cat tooth brushing practice the interviews where evaluated by quail-quantitative analysis, as a qualitative method it was used the Collective Subject Discourse methodology and the quantitative data were expressed in Arithmetical average and percentage. It was observed that 72.5% of the interviewed holders do not carry out their dog or cat tooth brush. The most frequent justifications were that the animal does not allow it (20.9%), lack of interest in the achievement of the procedure (14%), owner s lack of time (11.6%) and owner does not find necessary to carry out the brush (8.5%). Among the interviewed holders only 4% related to do dog or cat tooth brush daily. Many researches related to periodontal disease have been carried out focusing in etiopathogenesis, in the clinical and in the surgical practice, related to the disease, but the works scarcely focus on the orientation and sensitization of the holders for the importance of the brush practice. In the clinical practice it becomes necessary to include the holder in the epidemiological triad of periodontal disease, condition required for the adoption of new postures related to the prevention, reducing and restorative interventions. / A odontologia veterin?ria vem apresentando expressivo desenvolvimento nos ?ltimos anos, mas ainda ? significativo o n?mero de consultas veterin?rias de rotina em que n?o se realiza o exame cl?nico da cavidade oral do paciente. O desconhecimento da import?ncia do tema, por parte dos propriet?rios, ? outro fator que dificulta a ado??o de medidas preventivas e contribui para elevar a incid?ncia da doen?a periodontal, enfermidade comum em c?es e gatos, a qual pode apresentar altera??es locais com impacto em v?rios ?rg?os e tecidos. Escova??o di?ria dos dentes ? a melhor forma de prevenir a doen?a periodontal. O objetivo deste trabalho ? determinar a exeq?ibilidade da escova??o de dentes em c?es e gatos e identificar os fatores que influenciam na realiza??o desse procedimento. O trabalho foi realizado com 120 propriet?rios, os quais foram entrevistados para relatos de fatores que interferem na pr?tica di?ria de escova??o dos dentes de c?es e gatos. As entrevistas foram avaliadas por an?lise quali-quantitativa; como m?todo qualitativo utilizou-se o discurso do sujeito coletivo e os dados quantitativos foram expressos em m?dia aritm?tica e percentual. Observou-se que 72,5% dos entrevistados n?o realizam a escova??o dos dentes de seu c?o ou gato. As justificativas mais freq?entes foram que o animal n?o permite (20,9%), falta de interesse para a realiza??o do procedimento (14%), falta de tempo do propriet?rio (11,6%) e propriet?rio n?o acha necess?rio realizar a escova??o (8,5%). Dentre os propriet?rios entrevistados, apenas 4% relataram fazer a escova??o dental diariamente. Muitas pesquisas relacionadas ? doen?a periodontal t?m sido realizadas com enfoque na etiopatogenia, na cl?nica e na cirurgia, relacionadas ? afec??o, mas s?o escassos os trabalhos voltados ? orienta??o e sensibiliza??o dos propriet?rios para a import?ncia da pr?tica da escova??o. Na pr?tica cl?nica, torna-se necess?rio incluir o propriet?rio na tr?ade epidemiol?gica da doen?a periodontal, condi??o necess?ria para a ado??o de novas posturas no que se refere ? preven??o, reduzindo a necessidade de interven??es restauradoras.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:18:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Vivian Fernandes Alfeld.pdf: 1278898 bytes, checksum: bbd502834c6af07fb08c9a16d3c712ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-08 / Funda??o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Oral diseases, including the dentals one, severely affect domestic cats although still neglected. Many of the oral diseases as feline reabsorptive lesion do not have an etiology determined yet. Nevertheless, other oral diseases are not adequately prevented or treated, although having a physiopathogeny well determined. Moreover, they are not considered an important factor to the cat?s health, underestimaing pain, discomfort, secondary infections, dental and bone loss. The main objective of this project was to diagnose the most frequent dental disease in a feline only practice in Rio de Janeiro. All the cats had a criterious clinical evaluation based in pre determined patterns of odontologic analysis. In addition, all the cats had a radiologic evaluation of all dental elements. Among the animals observed, 88% presented some kind of dental change and a positive relation with the increase of the age was observed. Because of that, the incidence was higher in adult and old cats. The most common disease were periodontal disease (88% of the cases), absence of dental elements (54%), reabsorption lesion (40%), and dental fractures (26%). The statistic method applied to this project was SPSS (Statistic Package for Social Sciences-MicroSoftware 16.0) with evaluation of non parametric tests. The main conclusion of this study was that the incidence of dental diseases in domestic cats is high. Moreover, although more frequent in older cats, they are also common in young animals. In all groups, the severity of most of the identified diseases would indicate a prompt odontologic intervention. / As patologias orais, incluindo as dent?rias, acometem severamente os felinos dom?sticos, por?m ainda s?o negligenciadas. Muitas delas, como as les?es reabsortivas, ainda n?o t?m um agente etiol?gico determinado. Outras, mesmo apesar de sua fisiopatogenia estar bem definida, ainda n?o s?o adequadamente prevenidas ou tratadas a contento, pois n?o s?o encaradas como relevantes ao bem estar desta esp?cie, se subestimando a dor, o desconforto, as infec??es secund?rias e as perdas dent?rias e ?sseas a que estas patologias podem levar. O escopo deste trabalho foi diagnosticar, em cinq?enta cad?veres provenientes de uma cl?nica veterin?ria especializada no atendimento m?dico a essa esp?cie, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Os gatos foram submetidos a uma criteriosa avalia??o cl?nica, baseada em padr?es de an?lises odontol?gicas pr?-determinadas, e tamb?m em exames radiol?gicos de todos os elementos dent?rios. Do grupo estudado, 88% apresentavam alguma altera??o dent?ria. Uma rela??o positiva com o aumento da idade foi observada, sendo maior a preval?ncia nos grupos de animais mais adultos e senis. A doen?a periodontal (presente em 88% dos animais), as aus?ncias de elementos dent?rios (54%), a les?o de reabsor??o (40%) e as fraturas dent?rias (26%), foram as patologias mais diagnosticadas. O m?todo estat?stico utilizado para an?lise foi o SPSS (Statistic Package for Social Sciences-MicroSoftware 16.0), com avalia??es de testes n?o param?tricos. Neste estudo concluiu-se que a casu?stica de patologias dent?rias em felinos ? alta. Apesar de mais intensa em animais com mais idade, ela tamb?m ? freq?ente em jovens. Em todos os grupos, e com a severidade que foi diagnosticada, a grande maioria das patologias indicariam uma interven??o odontol?gica imediata.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-08-05T13:52:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Renata Santiago Alberto Carlos.pdf: 1449902 bytes, checksum: e7a95db4b4c56f516c350e9c2b885966 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-05T13:52:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Renata Santiago Alberto Carlos.pdf: 1449902 bytes, checksum: e7a95db4b4c56f516c350e9c2b885966 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-22 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico, CNPq. / Toxoplasma gondii is an obrigatory intracelular parasite that has the felids as definitive host (DH) and the homoeothermic animals as intermediary hosts (IH). The infection occurs by ingesting sporulated oocysts that were eliminated in DH feces, by bradyzoites when ingested by IH meat or by tachyzoites when occur vertical transmission. In this study, 529 canine blood samples were collected, 120 at the municipality of Itabuna, and 409 at the municipality of Ilh?us. All blood samples of Itabuna were consisted of animals from domiciled urban areas. From Ilh?us, 96 were domiciled from urban areas, 135 were urban but strayed dogs from Centre for Zoonosis Control (CZC) and 178 were domiciled and from rural area. The Indirect hemagglutination test was used to test the presence of anti-T. gondii and a questionnaire were applied to the domiciled dog owners to analyze risk factors associated to the infection. From all 529 dogs, 193 were positive (36.5%). At Ilh?us 37.7% (154/255) and at Itabuna 32.5% (39/81) of animals were positive. The risk factors associated to the infection were localization, rural dogs had higher chance than urban (p=0.001), the behavior, the strayed urban dogs had more chance than the urban domiciled dogs (p=0.01), home-made food and meat ingestion (p= 0.034 and 0.027 respectively), race, the undefined race dogs had more risk (p=0.0001) and age, were the animals under five years old had a higher risk to the infection (p=0.009). The presence of veterinary assistance was considered as a protection factor. The logistic regression confirmed the habitat and age of the animals as the main risk factor associsted with the infection. / Toxoplasma gondii ? um parasito intracelular obrigat?rio que tem como hospedeiro definitivo membros da fam?lia Felidae e animais homeot?rmicos como hospedeiros intermedi?rios. A infec??o se d? pela ingest?o de oocistos esporulados eliminados nas fezes dos felinos, pela ingest?o de bradizo?tos nos tecidos dos HI ou ainda pela transmiss?o vertical de taquizo?tos. Neste estudo coletou-se sangue de 529 c?es, sendo 120 do munic?pio de Itabuna e 409 de Ilh?us. Todos os animais de Itabuna eram urbanos domiciliados. Dentre os c?es de Ilh?us, 96 eram urbanos domiciliados, 135 eram urbanos errantes provenientes do Centro de Controle de Zoonoses (CCZ), e 178 eram rurais domiciliados. Foi realizado o Teste de Hemaglutina??o Indireta (HAI) para analisar a presen?a de anticorpos anti-T.gondii e um question?rio foi aplicado junto aos propriet?rios dos animais domiciliados para avalia??o dos principais fatores de risco associados ? infec??o. Do total de 529 c?es, 193 foram positivos (36,5%). No munic?pio de Ilh?us 37,7% (154/255) e em Itabuna 32,5% (39/81) foram positivos. Os fatores de risco associados ? infec??o foram o habitat, onde os animais rurais tiveram maior risco do que os urbanos (p=0,001), o modo de vida, em que os animais urbanos errantes tiveram maior risco do que os urbanos domiciliados (p=0,01), ingest?o de comida caseira e de carne (p= 0,034 e 0,027, respectivamente), ra?a apresentando os SRD com maior risco (p=0,0001) e idade onde os animais acima de cinco anos tiveram maior risco (p=0,009). A presen?a de orienta??o do M?dico Veterin?rio se mostrou fator de prote??o (p=0,002). A regress?o log?stica confirmou como principais fatores de risco a idade e o habitat dos animais do estudo

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-08-05T14:19:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Raquel Saucier Gomes.pdf: 7033294 bytes, checksum: d1538edd22d0ad5fcbf8c9c1e86f330e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-05T14:19:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Raquel Saucier Gomes.pdf: 7033294 bytes, checksum: d1538edd22d0ad5fcbf8c9c1e86f330e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-09 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico, CNPq. / This study aimed to diagnose and characterize genetically the species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium in stool samples from poultry and exotic birds marketed in Rio de Janeiro involving possible risk factors for infection. We analyzed 180 poultry sold in local markets and 103 exotic birds from breeding and pet shops. For analysis, the DNA extracted from fecal sample suspension was used to amplify the 18S rDNA sequences by nested-PCR technique. The amplicons generated were subjected to RFLP using the enzymes SspI and VspI, and sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, to confirm the species. Different species of Cryptosporidium were indentified in faecal samples of poultry and exotic birds. In the analysis of sites of enzymatic cutting products of nested-PCR gene 18SR DNA, the species C. bailey was the only one that displayed a characteristic cut-off, but other samples were. The following species were diagnosed: C. baileyi (GU082387) infecting ducks (Anas platyrhynchus domesticus), C. parvum in quails (Coturnix japonica) (GU082384 and GU082386), chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) (GU082390 and GU082391), duck (GU082388) and Manon (Lonchura striata domestica) (GU074390). The Avian genotype III was identified in caulker (Lonchura padda oryzivora) (GUO74384) and cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) (GU074385, GU074386 and GU074387). The sequences of canaries (Serinus canarius) received access numbers GU074388 and GU074389, but it was not possible to identify the species of Cryptosporidium, because of the large genetic distance between them and those already deposited in GenBank, suggesting a new genotype or a new specie. Although C. baileyi and Avian genotype III are common in birds, the diagnosis of C. parvum is a worrying finding, since this species are more associated with mammals. Birds can be considered as reservoirs and disseminators of environmental infective form of the parasite, allowing the infection to a large number of species of hosts, including in the man in the epidemiological chain. / O presente trabalho teve por objetivo diagnosticar e caracterizar geneticamente esp?cies e/ou gen?tipos de Cryptosporidium em amostras fecais de aves dom?sticas e ex?ticas comercializadas no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, associando poss?veis fatores de risco da infec??o. Foram analisadas 180 aves dom?sticas comercializadas em mercados locais e 103 aves ex?ticas de criadouros e petshops. Para as an?lises, o DNA extra?do de suspens?o de amostra fecal foi utilizado na amplifica??o das seq??ncias do 18S rDNA atrav?s da t?cnica Nested-PCR. Os amplicons gerados foram submetidos ? RFLP, utilizando as enzimas SspI e VspI, e ao seq??nciamento, para a confirma??o das esp?cies. Foram identificadas esp?cies de Cryptosporidium em amostras fecais de aves dom?sticas e ex?ticas. Durante as an?lises dos s?tios de corte enzim?tico dos produtos da Nested-PCR do gene 18Sr DNA, a esp?cie C. baileyi foi a ?nica que apresentou padr?o de corte caracter?stico, por?m nas demais amostras foi necess?ria a confirma??o atrav?s do sequenciamento e estudo filogen?tico. Foi diagnosticado C. baileyi (GU082387) infectando patos (Anas platyrhynchus domesticus); C. parvum em codornas (Coturnix coturnix japonica) (GU082384 e GU082386), pintos (Gallus gallus domesticus) (GU082390 e GU082391), pato (GU082388) e manon (Lonchura striata domestica) (GU074390). O gen?tipo avi?rio III foi identificado pela primeira vez em calafate (Lonchura padda oryzivora) (GUO74384) e em calopsita (Nymphicus hollandicus) (GU074385, GU074386 e GU074387). As seq??ncias de can?rios (Serinus canarius) receberam os n?meros de acesso GU074388 e GU074389, por?m n?o foi poss?vel a identifica??o da esp?cie de Cryptosporidium, devido ? grande dist?ncia gen?tica entre elas e aquelas j? depositadas no GenBank, sugerindo novo gen?tipo ou uma nova esp?cie . Embora C. baileyi e o gen?tipo Avi?rio III sejam comuns em aves, o diagn?stico de C. parvum ? um achado preocupante, j? que esta esp?cie est? mais associada com mam?feros. Aves podem ser consideradas como reservat?rios e disseminadoras ambientais da forma infectante do protozo?rio, possibilitando a infec??o para um amplo n?mero de esp?cie de hospedeiros incluindo, nesta cadeia epidemiol?gica, o ser humano.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-08-09T12:47:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Arisa Mandarino Pereira.pdf: 1179315 bytes, checksum: ace0cc805baa608ebcae694beffe579a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-09T12:47:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Arisa Mandarino Pereira.pdf: 1179315 bytes, checksum: ace0cc805baa608ebcae694beffe579a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-25 / The objectives of this study were the prevalence and secular trends of causes of condemnation of carcasses and organs of cattle slaughtered in Maranh?o state and estimate the economic losses associated. Data sources were the five slaughterhouses under Federal Inspection Service in the state. The data were from 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2009 and were obtained in the Management Information System Federal Inspection Service in the state. The prevalence of condemnation was calculated per 100,000 cattle inspected. The chi-square for trend and linear regression were used. The chi-square was used to evaluate the significance of association between prevalence of the condemnation causes and establishment and differences between proportions of condemnation forequarters and hindquarters. The main causes of condemnation of carcasses were lesions suggestive of brucellosis and tuberculosis prevalence of 16 and 18/100,000 respectively. The historical trend in prevalence of brucellosis suggestive lesions was slightly up while in tuberculosis suggestive lesion was descending. The linear relationship between prevalence of tuberculosis and years studied was significant (p-value<0.01) but no significant difference for brucellosis (p-value = 0.53). The forequarters are more condemned than the hindquarters (p-value<0.01) and the main cause of condemnation is adenitis/lymphadenitis with prevalence of 09/100,000 and 03/100,000 for forequarters and hindquarters respectively. Traumatic injury was the second major cause of condemnation of forequarters (34x10-2) and third in hindquarters (60x10-2). Among the organs the most condemned is the lung (p=17,508/100,000) followed by kidney (10,800/100,000) while tongue (p=1,021/100,000) is the less condemned. Organs had as major condemnation cause the contamination, except lung and kidneys which had as first cause of condemnation emphysema (p=3,329/100,000) and anemic infarction (p=7,585/100,000) respectively. Historical trends condemnation of tongues, hearts, livers and head for contamination were rising. Lungs and kidneys showed historical trend contamination to condemnation downward. The cattle slaughtered under Federal Inspection Service in Maranh?o State had low prevalence of condemnation for pathological causes. Lesions suggestive of brucellosis and tuberculosis are the most important causes of carcasses condemnation and cause big economic losses. Nevertheless, other causes of condemnation such as adenitis/lymphadenitis traumatic injury and contamination must be considered, mainly because of its relationship with inadequate manage on farm and slaughterhouse by operations insufficiently controlled. Although market price of organs is lower than meat, the economic losses are higher for organs condemnation than carcasses due to the large number of organs condemnation / Os objetivos deste estudo foram conhecer a preval?ncia e a tend?ncia secular das principais causas de condena??o de carca?as e ?rg?os de bovinos abatidos no estado do Maranh?o e estimar as perdas econ?micas associadas. As fontes de dados foram os cincos matadouros frigor?ficos sob Servi?o de Inspe??o Federal do estado. Os dados de abate de bovinos e condena??o s?o referentes ao per?odo de 01 de janeiro de 2002 a 31 de dezembro de 2009 e foram obtidos mediante acesso ao Sistema de Informa??es Gerencias do Servi?o de Inspe??o Federal no estado. As preval?ncias de condena??o foram calculadas por 100.000 bovinos inspecionados. O teste de qui-quadrado para tend?ncia e a regress?o linear simples foram utilizados. O teste do qui-quadrado para independ?ncia foi utilizado para avaliar a signific?ncia da associa??o entre a preval?ncia das causas de condena??o e os estabelecimentos e as diferen?as entre as propor??es de condena??o de quartos traseiros e dianteiros. As preval?ncias de condena??o de carca?as e ?rg?os diferiram significativamente (p-valor<0,01) entre os estabelecimentos. As principais causas de condena??o de carca?as foram les?es sugestivas de brucelose e tuberculose com preval?ncia de 16 e 18/100.000, respectivamente. A tend?ncia hist?rica da preval?ncia de condena??o por les?o sugestiva de brucelose mostrou-se levemente ascendente enquanto que a da tuberculose descendente. A rela??o linear entre a preval?ncia de tuberculose e anos estudados foi significativa (pvalor< 0,01), mas sem diferen?a significativa para brucelose (p-valor=0,53). Os quartos os dianteiros foram mais condenados que os traseiros (p-valor<0,01) e as principais causas de condena??es foram adenite/linfadenite (p=09/100.000) para dianteiros e (p=03/100.000) para traseiros. Les?o traum?tica foi a segunda maior causa de condena??o de quartos dianteiros (p=34x10-2) e a terceira em traseiros (p=60x10-2). Dentre os ?rg?os, o mais condenado foi o pulm?o (p=17.508/100.000) seguido pelos rins (p=10.800/100.000) enquanto que a l?ngua (p=1.021/100.000) foi o menos condenado. A principal causa de condena??o de ?rg?os foi contamina??o, exce??o para os pulm?es e os rins que tiveram como principal causa de condena??o enfisema (p=3.329/100.000) e infarto an?mico (p=7.585/100.000), respectivamente. As tend?ncias de condena??o de l?nguas, cora??es, cabe?a e f?gados para contamina??o foram ascendentes. As principais causas de condena??o de pulm?es e rins foram enfisema (p=3.329/100.000) e infarto an?mico (p=7.585/100.000), respectivamente. Esses dois ?rg?os apresentaram tend?ncia descendente para condena??o por contamina??o. O rebanho bovino abatido sob o Servi?o de Inspe??o Federal do Estado do Maranh?o apresentou baixas preval?ncias de condena??es por causas patol?gicas. Les?es sugestivas de brucelose e tuberculose s?o as causas de condena??o de carca?as que trazem maiores perdas econ?micas. Outras causas de condena??o como adenite/linfadenite les?o traum?tica e contamina??o revelam manejos inadequados na fazenda e opera??es de abate insuficientemente controladas pelos matadourosfrigor?ficos. As altas preval?ncias de condena??o de ?rg?os por contamina??o revelam descuido dos estabelecimentos, no processo de obten??o desses nas linhas de abate indicando necessidade de interven??o nos pontos cr?ticos de contamina??o e melhor treinamento dos funcion?rios dos frigor?ficos. Embora o pre?o de mercado de ?rg?os seja menor que o da carne com osso, as perdas econ?micas estimadas para estes foram duas vezes maior que as resultantes da condena??o carca?as.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-09-20T13:24:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Priscila das merces de sena.pdf: 7709054 bytes, checksum: f76077cb7fca550b09f80cf277852e82 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-20T13:24:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Priscila das merces de sena.pdf: 7709054 bytes, checksum: f76077cb7fca550b09f80cf277852e82 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-31 / The Spotrhrix schenckii is widely dispersed in nature, especially in temperate and tropical climates. Sporotrichosis is the most common human subcutaneousmycosis in Latin America. In domestic feline, tissues can be found with a abundance of this parasite, fact that it is not usual in other species, so becoming a significantzoonoticagent. The objective in this study was to evaluate the regressiontimeoftheclinical disease, the side effects with Potassium Iodide (KI) administration, in dosis of 10 and 20mg/kg of weight, also evaluation the total T4 hormone concentrations, as well as the possible alterations of hemogram, and renal and hepatic serum biochemistrybyusingthismedication. Were used in this experimentation 14 domestic cats (Felis catusdomesticus), 11 males and three females, with indefinite race, and a mean age of 3.7 years old and average weight of 3.9 kg, with the disease sporotrichosis, all from Rio de Janeiro city. The animal selection was done through the confirmation of the sporotrichosis disease, by collecting material and conducting to mycological culture procedure. The animals were divided into two groups randomly: group I (10 mg of KI/ kg of weight), and group II (20 mg of KI/ kg of weight). Clinical and laboratory evaluations were performed in all cats in the study. Besides the total T4, the following laboratory tests were performed: hemogram, urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, alanine-aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, aspartate-aminotransferase. All tests were repeated every 15 days, and clinical evaluation was performed daily. This study concluded after comparison between the two groups that weren?t significant alterations in time regression of disease, as well as in that laboratorial analysis, but there were differences in side effects, so, dosis of 10 mg / kg of weight, once daily was the most right treatment of feline sporotrichosis / O Spotrhrix schenckii, agente etiol?gico da esporotricose,? amplamente disperso na natureza, especialmente em ambientes de climas temperados e tropicais. A esporotricose ? a micose subcut?nea humana mais comum na Am?rica Latina, e o felino tem potencial zoon?tico significativo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o tempo de regress?o da doen?a cl?nica e as fun??es hep?tica, renal e tiroideana, com uso do iodeto de pot?ssio (IK) nas doses de 10 ou 20 mg/kg de peso, para tratamento da micose. Foram utilizados 14 felinos dom?sticos (Felis catus domesticus), sendo 11 machos e tr?s f?meas, ra?a indefinida, com idade m?dia de 3,7 anos e peso m?dio 3,9 kg, portadores da doen?a e provenientes do Munic?pio do Rio de Janeiro. A sele??o dos animais foi realizada atrav?s da confirma??o da doen?a, por meio da coleta de material e realiza??o de cultura micol?gica. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos, de forma aleat?ria: grupo I (dose de 10 mg de IK/kg de peso) e grupo II (dose de 20 mg de IK/kg de peso), com m?dia do tempo de tratamento de 63 dias. Avalia??o cl?nica e laboratorial foi realizada em todos os gatos do estudo. Al?m do T4 total, os seguintes exames laboratoriais foram realizados: hemograma, ur?ia, creatinina, fosfatase alcalina, alanina-aminotransferase, gama-glutamiltransferase, aspartato-aminotransferase. Todos os exames foram repetidos a cada 15 dias, do in?cio ao final dotratamento e avalia??o cl?nica foi realizada diariamente. Este estudo concluiu, comparando-se os dois grupos, que n?o houve diferen?a estatisticamente significativa no tempo de regress?o da doen?a, mas houve diferen?as nos efeitos colaterais. Os animais do grupo I que apresentaram v?mitos e diarr?ia foram em n?mero de dois e os animais do grupo II apresentaram efeits colaterais cmo v?mitos, diarr?ia, prostra??o, anorexia, desidrata??o, febre, saliva??o, pelagem seca.Sendo a dose de 10 mg/kg, uma vez ao dia, a mais adequada para o tratamento de esporotircose felina, pois n?o provocou altera??es cl?nicas, laboratoriais e hormonais significativas

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-03T21:15:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Daniel Guimar?es Ubiali.pdf: 7253233 bytes, checksum: ce10a8e3d4ef67ad93a0034844382ed3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-03T21:15:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Daniel Guimar?es Ubiali.pdf: 7253233 bytes, checksum: ce10a8e3d4ef67ad93a0034844382ed3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-26 / CAPES / For investigation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection 34 buffaloes properties or ranches in Northeastern Brazil were visited for paratuberculosis diagnosis. Investigations included herd evaluations, inspection of facilities and pastures, obtainment of flock history, clinical examination of suspicious animals and collecting samples for diagnosis. Samples were obtained from 26 farms or ranches, including two slaughterhouses and a quarantine area in six states. Approximately 15,600 buffalos, including males and females of the Murrah, Mediterranean and Jafarabadi breeds as well as their crossbreeds, were evaluated for meat, dairy and mixed properties with semi-intensive or extensive regimes. For diagnostic purposes, necropsies, histopathological and immunohistochemical exams and Ziehl-Neelsen tests of fecal smears and scraped intestinal mucosa were performed. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods were applied to samples of feces, milk, mesenteric nodes and intestines. This exams allowed us to identify eigth new Johne?s disease outbreaks, which, together with those previously identified by our staff, allow us to infer that the disease is being dispersed in the Brazilian Northeast, similar to what is occurring with bovine herds in other areas of the country. The increase in the number of positive farms is a consequence of the ignorance of farmers, inadequate health management, free trade of ruminants and lack of a official control program in the country. This study alerts for risk of commercialization of dairy products for human consumption, reinforces the importance of research on paratuberculosis in Brazil and contributes to the understanding of the factors that work together to increase the number of paratuberculosis cases in the Brazilian Northeast. / Com o objetivo de identificar focos e estudar a epidemiologia e o diagn?stico da paratuberculose em b?falos na regi?o Nordeste do Brasil foram realizadas visitas e ou examinados material provenientes de 34 propriedades com suspeita cl?nica da doen?a. Obtivemos material biol?gico de sete estados da regi?o Nordeste do Brasil (Maranh?o, Cear?, Para?ba, Pernambuco, Alagoas e Bahia). Dos rebanhos foi obtido o hist?rico, realizou-se avalia??o cl?nica e inspe??o das instala??es e pastagens. Para a confirma??o do diagn?stico foi coletado material para exames laboratoriais em 26 propriedades ou cria??es de b?falos, entre estes, dois matadouros e um quarenten?rio. Foram rebanhos cujo somat?rios de b?falos era de aproximadamente 15.600 b?falos, das ra?as Murrah, Mediterr?neo, Jafarabadi e seus mesti?os, com aptid?o para corte, leite ou mista, em propriedades com regimes semi-intensivo, extensivo ou extrativista. Foram realizadas 22 necropsias e coleta de material para exames histopatol?gicos e imuno-histoqu?micos, al?m de colora??o de Ziehl-Neelsen em esfrega?os de fezes, raspados de mucosa intestinal e fragmentos de linfonodo mesent?rico e de intestino que apresentavam les?es sugestivas da doen?a. Para a realiza??o da rea??o em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) foram utilizadas amostras de fezes, leite, linfonodos mesent?ricos e intestinos. Estes exames permitiram identificar oito focos de paratuberculose, o que nos permite inferir que a doen?a est? se dispersando na regi?o Nordeste do Brasil a exemplo do que est? acontecendo em outras regi?es do pa?s com o rebanho bovino. O desconhecimento da doen?a, o manejo inadequado, o com?rcio n?o regulamentado de b?falos e a falta de um programa de controle voltado para a realidade da regi?o facilitam a dispers?o do agente e s?o fatores que contribuem para o aumento do n?mero de focos no pa?s. Os resultados desta pesquisa contribuem com a epidemiologia e o diagn?stico da doen?a em b?falos e auxilia na compreens?o dos fatores que colaboram para a ocorr?ncia crescente do n?mero de casos desta doen?a.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-05-03T21:06:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Leandro Mendes Mascarenhas.pdf: 2602264 bytes, checksum: 2ecbf1ab9ebc2505d6ab0ed4cbcfc5d4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-03T21:06:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Leandro Mendes Mascarenhas.pdf: 2602264 bytes, checksum: 2ecbf1ab9ebc2505d6ab0ed4cbcfc5d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-26 / In cows, the "critical time" of the estrous cycle determined by the physiological state that must be defined to maintain the corpus luteum (CL) and pregnancy or luteolysis and a new estrus occurs 15 to 19 days after ovulation. The mechanisms involved in premature luteolysis and regression of the CL are not yet understood complements. It is probable that the early CL regression is related to PGF2a release mediated by the endometrium lower concentrations of P4 receptors, higher concentrations of OT receptors, or both, in the endometrium. Thus, uterine receptors for P4 and OT may influence the secretion of PGF2a from the 10th day of the cycle, during which the CL is more sensitive to the luteolytic action of PGF2a. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of exogenous OT, postpartum crossbred cows on reproductive efficiency, with emphasis on the period of maternal recognition of pregnancy. The experiment was conducted in Bom Jesus do Itabapoana, Northwest Region Fluminense between September 2013 and January 2014. Twenty- four cows were entered into a TAI program (D0 - progestin releasing intravaginal device + estradiol benzoate (EB - 2 mg, im); D8 - intravaginal device removal and application of PGF2a (0.526 mg, im); D9 - BE (1 mg, im); D10 - IA). After ovulation, cows were divided randomly into two groups: GO (n=12): oxytocin (25 IU, iv, milking morning and afternoon), GC (n=12): without OT. Sonographic evaluations were performed on days 10, 15, 18, 28 and 42. The diameter of CL was calculated as the average of the two major axes and volumes (vol) using the formula for volume of a sphere (V = 4/3p ? (D / 2) 3) where D is the average diameter (DM) of CL. On day 28 of pregnancy diagnosis, confirmed at 45 and 60 days was carried out. We observed an increase in GC DM CL between the 10th and 18th. In GO DM CL decreased among 10th and 15th and most cows expressed estrus before day 18 (9/12 - 75%), six (50%) with return to estrus between the 15th and 18th. The vol. CL was higher in cows GC at all times with a significant difference (p<0.05) compared to GO on the 15th. Cows in the CG had vol. CL higher at all times and had a higher pregnancy rate (41.7%) compared to GO (25 %). The rates of fertilization and maintenance of pregnancy until day 42 demonstrates the low reproductive efficiency in GO compared to the CG (p=0.0022). With successive inseminations at 90 days one seven cows were empty in CG (8.33%) and GO (58.3%), respectively. The pattern of development and regression of the CL confirms the involvement of OT in the reproductive activity of lactating cows. The low reproductive efficiency in GO is probably due to the action of OT, confirming the hypothesis that exogenous OT can inhibit the maternal recognition of pregnancy. / Em vacas, o ?per?odo cr?tico? do ciclo estral determinado pelo estado fisiol?gico em que deve ser definida a manuten??o do corpo l?teo (CL) e da prenhez ou a lute?lise e um novo estro ocorre 15 a 19 dias ap?s a ovula??o. Os mecanismos envolvidos com a lute?lise prematura e regress?o do CL ainda n?o est?o complemente compreendidos. ? prov?vel que a regress?o precoce do CL esteja relacionada ? libera??o de PGF2a pelo endom?trio mediada por concentra??es mais baixas de receptores de P4, maiores concentra??es de receptores de OT, ou ambos, no endom?trio. Assim, receptores uterinos para a P4 e OT podem influenciar a secre??o de PGF2a a partir do 10? dia do ciclo, per?odo em que o CL ? mais sens?vel ? a??o luteol?tica da PGF2a. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da OT ex?gena, no p?s-parto de vacas mesti?as sobre a efici?ncia reprodutiva, com ?nfase no per?odo do reconhecimento materno da gesta??o. O experimento foi conduzido em Bom Jesus do Itabapoana, Regi?o Noroeste Fluminense entre setembro de 2013 e janeiro de 2014. Vinte e quatro vacas foram inseridas em um programa de IATF (D0 - dispositivo intravaginal liberador de progest?geno + benzoato de estradiol (BE - 2 mg, i.m.); D8 - remo??o do dispositivo intravaginal e aplica??o de PGF2a (0,526 mg, i.m.); D9 - BE (1 mg, i.m.); D10 ? IA). Ap?s a ovula??o, as vacas foram distribu?das aleatoriamente em dois grupos: GO (n=12): 25 UI ocitocina, i.v., na ordenha da manh? e da tarde; GC (n=12): sem OT. Avalia??es ultrassonogr?ficas foram realizadas nos dias 10, 15, 18, 28 e 42. O di?metro do CL foi calculado pela m?dia dos maiores eixos e os volumes (vol.) por meio da f?rmula para volume de uma esfera (V= 4/3p x (D/2)3), em que D ? o di?metro m?dio (DM) do CL. No dia 28 foi realizado o diagn?stico da gesta??o, confirmada aos 45 e 60 dias. Observou-se no GC um aumento do DM do CL entre os dias 10 e 18. No GO o DM do CL diminuiu entre os dias 10 e 15 e a maioria das vacas manifestaram cio antes do dia 18 (9/12 ? 75%), sendo seis (50%) com retorno ao cio entre os dias 15 e 18. O vol. do CL foi maior nas vacas do GC em todos os momentos com diferen?a significativa (p<0,05) em rela??o ao GO no dia 15. As vacas do GC tiveram o vol. do CL maior em todos os momentos e obtiveram uma maior taxa de prenhez (41,7%) comparativamente ao GO (25%). As taxas de fecunda??o e manuten??o da gesta??o at? o 42o dias evidencia a baixa efici?ncia reprodutiva no GO em rela??o ao GC (p=0,0022). Com sucessivas insemina??es aos 90 dias uma e sete vacas estavam vazias no GC (8,33%) e GO (58,3%), respectivamente. O padr?o de desenvolvimento e regress?o do CL confirma o envolvimento da OT na atividade reprodutiva de vacas em lacta??o. A baixa efici?ncia reprodutiva no GO deve-se provavelmente ? a??o da OT, confirmando a hip?tese de que a OT ex?gena pode inibir o reconhecimento materno da gesta??o.