Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-26T20:25:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Aldenice de Nazar? Silva Pereira.pdf: 1725747 bytes, checksum: dc10ecd0699041a155de6f501045a97a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-26T20:25:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Aldenice de Nazar? Silva Pereira.pdf: 1725747 bytes, checksum: dc10ecd0699041a155de6f501045a97a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-01 / CNPq / Previous studies of the parasitic fauna of the goatfish (Mullus argentinae) from Brazil and Argentina show a significant diversity of species and suggest that this host feature is a good model to test hypotheses for the distribution of parasites and their use as biological indicators of the presence of stocks or different populations of hosts and allowing information relevant to good management of this species. The purpose of this work was to study the composition and structure of parasites communities of the goatfish (M. argentinae), assess whether the temporal variation influences the parasitic fauna and verify its use as a tool for discrimination of possible stocks of this species throughout its geographical distribution, which includes the coast of Brazil and Argentina. During the period of March 2010 to July 2011, were collected 430 specimens of M. argentinae of three locations along the Brazilian coast and an area of the coast of Argentina. In statistics, the quantitative approach was made at the level of parasitic infrapopulations and ecological descriptors were calculated for each parasite species in each area. Species with prevalence >10% in at least one of the localities were analyzed in the ? ? (Chi-square) to test significant differences in prevalence between locations. ANOVA and a Tukey test a posteriori were performed to test for unequal samples. It was analyzed similarity indices of Jaccard and qualitative Bray-Curtis and quantitative and multivariate analysis. Discriminate analysis was used to detect differences between locations and identify species of parasites responsible for these differences. / Estudos pr?vios da fauna parasit?ria da Trilha (Mullus argentinae) em amostras provenientes do Brasil e da Argentina mostram uma significativa diversidade de esp?cies e sugerem que este recurso ictiol?gico ? um bom modelo para testar hip?teses de distribui??o de parasitos e seu uso como indicadores biol?gicos da presen?a de estoques ou de popula??es diferentes de hospedeiros e que permitam obter informa??es relevantes para um adequado manejo desta esp?cie. O prop?sito deste trabalho foi estudar a composi??o e estrutura das comunidades parasit?rias da Trilha (M. argentinae), avaliar se a varia??o temporal da amostragem influencia na fauna parasit?ria e verificar seu uso como ferramenta para a discrimina??o de poss?veis estoques desta esp?cie ao longo da sua distribui??o geogr?fica, que inclui o litoral do Brasil e da Argentina. Durante o per?odo de mar?o de 2010 a julho de 2011, foram coletados um total de 430 esp?cimes de M. argentinae de tr?s localidades do litoral brasileiro (Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul) e de uma localidade do litoral da Argentina (Mar Del Plata). A abordagem quantitativa foi feita em n?vel de infrapopula??es parasit?rias, sendo calculados os descritores quantitativos, para cada esp?cie de parasito de cada ?rea estudada. Para as esp?cies com preval?ncia >10% foram feitas an?lises de ?? (qui-quadrado) para testar diferen?as significantivas de preval?ncia entre localidades. ANOVA e um teste Tukey a posteriori foram feitos para testar se existe diferen?a entre grupos. Foram utilizados tamb?m os ?ndices de similaridade qualitativa de Jaccard e quantitativa de Bray-Curtis. Na an?lise multivariada, primeiramente desenvolveu-se uma an?lise de agrupamentos, que agrupa os parasitos pela abund?ncia de esp?cies existentes nas localidades. A An?lise discriminante foi usada para detectar diferen?as entre localidades e entre diferentes ?pocas de coleta e identificar esp?cies de parasitos respons?veis por estas diferen?as.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-11-09T18:08:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Giselle Arieiro Jones.pdf: 1320964 bytes, checksum: e8d0ab39f4d7067b17f7ebd4d2d26139 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-09T18:08:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Giselle Arieiro Jones.pdf: 1320964 bytes, checksum: e8d0ab39f4d7067b17f7ebd4d2d26139 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 / CAPES / The parasitism caused by Rhipicephalus microplus, popularly known as cattle tick, causes several losses to the Brazilian livestock. The indiscriminate use of chemical products for its control has generated several negative effects and in this context, studies involving the fungus Metarhizium spp. for biological control of ticks have shown great importance. The present study evaluated the virulence of 11 isolates of Metarhizium spp. for engorged females, eggs and larvae of R. microplus and also the conidiogenesis potential of the same isolates and their relationship with virulence. Single point of inoculum and cultivation between slide and coverslip were performed to evaluate the macro and micromorphology of the isolates. During the bioassay using engorged females, the effects of fungi on reproductive parameters were evaluated by analyzing the control percentage of each isolate after treatment by immersion of females in suspensions of 107 and 108 conidia / mL. The virulence of the isolates for eggs and larvae was evaluated by observing the hatch rate and mortality, respectively, after treatment with aqueous suspensions of Metarhizium spp. at concentrations of 105, 106, 107 and 108 conidia / mL. The LC50 and CL90 of each isolate for larvae were also calculated on the 25th day after treatment. To calculate the conidiogenesis of the isolates, three random cuts of 1.256 cm2 of area of each plate containing fungal conidia of 14 days of culture were made, then stirred in 1 ml of distilled water solution and 0.1% tween 80 and one aliquot of this suspension was quantified using a Neubauer chamber and optical microscope. Parametric data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test and non-parametric by Kruskal Wallis test followed by Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) with significance level of 5% through free software R Studio Version 0.99 .903 and the "agricolae" package (Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research), version 1.2-4. In addition, multivariate statistics were applied using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for parameters of engorged females. The macro and micromorphological analysis of the isolates tested were compatible with those described in the literature for Metharizium spp. In general, the results were directly proportional to the concentrations that were tested and the isolates ARSEF 729 of Metarhizium anisopliae and ARSEF 3643 of Metarhizium anisopliae senso latu, presented the best results for R. microplus females, eggs and larvae, proving to be good candidates for future studies, whereas the isolate ARSEF 2211 of Metarhizium anisopliae senso latu demonstrated low virulence for all stages. The conidiogenesis of the different isolates tested varied a lot and no relation between conidia production and virulence was observed. The present study made possible the selection of isolates of Metarhizium spp. with high virulence for several stages of life of the R. microplus tick as well as isolates with high conidia production and their relationship with virulence, emphasizing the importance of studies to select suitable isolates for future use in formulations for biological control in the field. / O parasitismo causado por Rhipicephalus microplus, conhecido popularmente como carrapato dos bovinos, acarreta diversos preju?zos para a pecu?ria brasileira. O uso indiscriminado de produtos qu?micos para o seu controle tem gerado diversos efeitos negativos e nesse contexto, estudos envolvendo o fungo Metarhizium spp. para controle biol?gico de carrapatos tem demonstrado grande import?ncia. O presente estudo avaliou a virul?ncia de 11 isolados de Metarhizium spp. para f?meas ingurgitadas, ovos e larvas de R. microplus e tamb?m o potencial de conidiog?nese dos mesmos isolados e a sua rela??o com a virul?ncia. Pontos ?nicos de in?culo e microcultivo entre l?mina e lam?nula foram realizados a fim de avaliar a macro e micro morfologia dos isolados. Durante o bioensaio utilizando f?meas ingurgitadas, foram avaliados os efeitos dos fungos sobre os par?metros reprodutivos atrav?s da an?lise do percentual de controle de cada isolado ap?s o tratamento por imers?o das f?meas em suspens?es aquosas de 107 e 108 con?dios/mL. A virul?ncia dos isolados para ovos e larvas foi avaliada atrav?s da observa??o da taxa de eclos?o e mortalidade, respectivamente, ap?s tratamento com suspens?es aquosas nas concentra??es de 105, 106, 107 e 108 con?dios/mL. Tamb?m foi calculada a CL50 e CL90 de cada isolado para larvas no vig?simo quinto dia ap?s o tratamento. Para calcular a conidiog?nese dos isolados, foram feitos tr?s recortes aleat?rios de 1,256 cm2 de ?rea de cada placa contendo con?dios f?ngicos de 14 dias de cultivo, em seguida foram agitados em 1mL de solu??o de ?gua destilada e tween 80 a 0,1% e uma al?quota desta suspens?o foi quantificada com o auxilio de c?mara de Neubauer e microsc?pio ?ptico. Os dados param?tricos foram avaliados pela an?lise de vari?ncia (ANOVA) seguida do teste de Tukey e os n?o param?tricos pelo teste de Kruskal Wallis seguido de Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) com n?vel de signific?ncia de 5% atrav?s do software livre R Studio Vers?o 0.99.903 e o pacote ?agricolae? (Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research), vers?o 1.2-4. Adicionalmente foi aplicada estat?stica multivariada mediante a An?lise de Componentes Principais (ACP) para par?metros de f?meas ingurgitadas. A an?lise macro e micromorfol?gica dos isolados testados se mostrou compat?vel com as descritas na literatura para Metharizium spp. De maneira geral, os resultados se apresentaram diretamente proporcionais ?s concentra??es que foram testadas e os isolados ARSEF 729 de Metarhizium anisopliae e ARSEF 3643 de Metarhizium anisopliae senso latu, apresentaram os melhores resultados para f?meas, ovos e larvas de R. microplus, demonstrando ser bons candidatos para estudos futuros. O isolado ARSEF 2211 de Metarhizium anisopliae senso latu demonstrou baixa virul?ncia para todos os est?gios. A conidiog?nese dos diferentes isolados testados se mostrou muito variada e n?o apresentou nenhuma rela??o com a virul?ncia dos mesmos. O presente estudo possibilitou a sele??o de isolados de Metarhizium spp. com alta virul?ncia para os diferentes est?gios de vida do carrapato R. microplus bem como isolados com alta produ??o de con?dios, ressaltando a import?ncia de estudos que visem selecionar isolados adequados para serem utilizados futuramente em formula??es para controle biol?gico a campo.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-03-27T18:34:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Fl?via Guerra Vieira de Menezes.pdf: 5858835 bytes, checksum: 4d6199e1cbd8ddce6884aa2b408fe0e5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-27T18:34:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Fl?via Guerra Vieira de Menezes.pdf: 5858835 bytes, checksum: 4d6199e1cbd8ddce6884aa2b408fe0e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-22 / CNPq / This study aimed to identify the species that compose the endoparasite fauna of Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier, 1819) from the upper S?o Francisco river to downstream of the dam of Tr?s Marias, Minas Gerais, Brazil, as well as record the parasitic parameters (prevalence, severity and abundance) and sites of infection for each helminths species A. fasciatus. Besides providing morphological and morphometric data of helminths species, the study also sought to identify possible correlations between parameters and parasitic total length, body weight and sex of the hosts still investigating ecological interactions of them based on the interpretation of possible cycles of biological endohelminth. A total of 74 specimens of A. fasciatus was collected in the upper S?o Francisco river to downstream of the dam of Tr?s Marias, Tr?s Marias municipality, state of Minas Gerais (18?12'32''S, 45?15'41''W), in the month of January 2011 and 2012. Fourteen species of parasites were found in A. fasciatus, being distributed in taxa Eucestoda (one specie), Nematoda (12 species) and Acanthocephala (one specie). They are: metacestodes, Contracaecum sp., Hysterothylacium sp., Goezia sp., Brevimulticaecum sp., Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) saofranciscencis (Moreira Oliveira e Costa, 1994), Cystidicoloides sp., Spinitectus rodolphiheringi Vaz & Pereira, 1934, Rhabdochona sp., Spiroxys sp., Eustrongylides sp. and Neoechinorhynchus pimelodi Brazil-Sato & Pavanelli, 1998. The helminths fauna of A. fasciatus characterized mainly by larvae Contracaecum sp., Hysterothylacium sp., Spiroxys sp. and larvae and adults of P. saofranciscencis beyond metacestodes. It appears that this fish mainly acts as an intermediate host larvae of an unidentified species of cestode and nematode larvae, your diet has been the factor responsible for this. Astyanax fasciatus further assists in transmitting species such Rhabdochona sp. for carnivorous fish and also acts as a definitive host for P. saofranciscencis occupying so different trophic levels. / O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar as esp?cies que comp?em a fauna endoparasit?ria de Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier, 1819) do alto rio S?o Francisco ? jusante da barragem de Tr?s Marias, Minas Gerais, Brasil, bem como registrar os par?metros parasit?rios (preval?ncia, intensidade e abund?ncia) e os s?tios de infec??o de cada esp?cie de helminto de A. fasciatus. Al?m de prover os dados morfom?tricos e morfol?gicos das esp?cies de helmintos, o trabalho tamb?m procurou identificar poss?veis correla??es entre os par?metros parasit?rios e o comprimento total, o peso corporal e o sexo dos hospedeiros e investigar intera??es ecol?gicas dos mesmos baseando-se na interpreta??o de poss?veis ciclos biol?gicos dos endohelmintos. Um total de 74 esp?cimes de A. fasciatus foi coletado no alto rio S?o Francisco ? jusante da barragem de Tr?s Marias, munic?pio de Tr?s Marias, estado de Minas Gerais (18?12?32??S, 45?15?41??W), no m?s de janeiro de 2011 e 2012. Quatorze esp?cies de parasitos foram encontradas em A. fasciatus, sendo distribu?das nos t?xons Eucestoda (uma esp?cie), Nematoda (12 esp?cies) e Acanthocephala (uma esp?cie): metacest?ides, Contracaecum sp., Hysterothylacium sp., Goezia sp., Brevimulticaecum sp., Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) saofranciscencis (Moreira, Oliveira e Costa, 1994), Cystidicoloides sp., Spinitectus rodolphiheringi Vaz & Pereira, 1934, Rhabdochona sp., Spiroxys sp., Eustrongylides sp. e Neoechinorhynchus pimelodi Brasil-Sato & Pavanelli, 1998. A fauna de helmintos de A. fasciatus caracterizou-se principalmente por larvas de Contracaecum sp., Hysterothylacium sp., Spiroxys sp. e larvas e adultos de P. saofranciscencis al?m dos metacest?ides. Verificou-se que A. fasciatus atua principalmente como hospedeiro intermedi?rio de larvas de uma esp?cie n?o identificada de cest?ide e de larvas de nemat?ides, tendo sido a sua dieta o fator respons?vel por isto; auxilia na transmiss?o de esp?cies como Rhabdochona sp. para peixes carn?voros e atua tamb?m como hospedeiro definitivo para P. saofranciscencis, ocupando assim, n?veis tr?ficos distintos.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-03-27T18:48:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Tays Araujo Camilo.pdf: 3555895 bytes, checksum: 8b6818596f8654186472296bc3b528aa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-27T18:48:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Tays Araujo Camilo.pdf: 3555895 bytes, checksum: 8b6818596f8654186472296bc3b528aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-07 / CNPq / Infectious Bronchitis Virus (vBIG) is a highly contagious viral agent among the species Gallus gallus, being considered one of the pathologies that most affects small and lare world poultry producers. Vaccination as a form of prevention to this disease, has not been effective, due to the great genetic variability found. As in the world, in Brazil there are already several studies characterizing the genetic variability found in this virus. In Rio de Janeiro, poultry farming suffers from the disease, but there is no recent study to analyze the genetic variability of the strains found, as a way of supporting epidemiological studies that may help in the future, in the choice of Protocols. The objective of this study was to characterize the S1 gene of the Chicken Infectious Bronchitis virus (vBIG) in chickens farms in the southern region of Rio de Janeiro, as well as to evaluate the genetic variability of the S1 gene in a BIG outbreak on a farm Of laying hens of the northern region of. Tissue samples were collected from animals presenting BIG-compatible clinical signs, such as weight loss, respiratory problems and low productivity. Samples of collected tissues were stored in solution of RNA Later and formalin 10% buffered for molecular and histopathological diagnoses, respectively. In order to perform the molecular analyzes, RNA extraction techniques, as well as RT-PCR (Reverse Transcriptase, Polymerase Chain Reaction), real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), Nested PCR (RT-nPCR), and Sequencing of some samples collected. For the histopathological analyzes, cleavage and preparation of microscopy slides were performed. The results obtained from the sequencing were compared to the sequence of the Ma5 vaccine strain as reference strain, in addition to other sequences deposited on GenBank, exhibiting a variable identity percentage of 72.41% to 100%. Among the samples from each farm, there was variability, even within the same bird. All sequences analyzed were described as genotype 1, belonging to strains 1 and 11; In the comparison of amino acids, there were changes in the hypervariable regions of the virus in the sequences classified as BR-1, being able to explain the low cross-protection that have been occurring in Brazilian plants. These results demonstrated the importance of virus identification, since it becomes an important tool in epidemiological surveillance and in the elaboration of efficient vaccine protocols. / O v?rus da Bronquite Infecciosa das Galinhas (vBIG) ? um agente viral altamente contagioso entre a esp?cie Gallus gallus, sendo considerado uma das patologias que mais acomete a avicultura mundial. A vacina??o como forma de preven??o a esta doen?a, n?o tem sido eficaz, devido a grande variabilidade gen?tica encontrada. Assim como no mundo, no Brasil tamb?m j? existem diversos estudos caracterizando a variabilidade gen?tica encontrada neste v?rus. No Rio de Janeiro, a cria??o av?cola sofre com a doen?a, por?m ainda n?o existe um estudo recente com o objetivo de analisar a variabilidade gen?tica das cepas encontradas, como uma forma de apoio a estudos epidemiol?gicos, que possam auxiliar no futuro, na escolha de protocolos vacinais mais adequados. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar a caracteriza??o molecular do gene S1 do v?rus da Bronquite Infecciosa das Galinhas (vBIG) em granjas de frangos de corte na regi?o Sul fluminense, como tamb?m avaliar a variabilidade gen?tica do gene S1 em um surto de BIG em uma granja de poedeiras da regi?o Norte fluminense. Foram realizadas coletas de tecidos dos animais que apresentavam sinais cl?nicos compat?veis com BIG, como perda de peso, problemas respirat?rios e baixa produtividade. Amostras de tecidos coletados foram armazenadas em solu??o de RNA Later e formalina 10% tamponada para os diagn?sticos molecular e histopatol?gico, respectivamente. Para realiza??o das an?lises moleculares foram utilizadas t?cnicas de extra??o de RNA, bem como RT-PCR (?Reverse Transcriptase, Polymerase Chain Reaction?), PCR em tempo real (RT-qPCR), ?Nested? PCR (RT-nPCR), e sequenciamento de algumas amostras coletadas. Para as an?lises histopatol?gicas foram realizadas clivagem e elabora??o de l?minas de microscopia. Os resultados obtidos do sequenciamento foram comparados a sequ?ncia da cepa vacinal Ma5, como cepa refer?ncia, al?m de outras sequencias depositadas no GenBank, apresentando um percentual de identidade vari?vel de 72,41% a 100%. Dentre as amostras de cada granja, houve variabilidade, at? mesmo dentro de uma mesma ave. Todas as sequencias analisadas foram descritas como gen?tipo 1, pertencentes as linhagens 1 e 11; Na compara??o de amino?cidos, houve mudan?as nas regi?es hipervari?veis do v?rus nas sequ?ncias classificadas como BR-1, podendo explicar a baixa prote??o-cruzada que v?m ocorrendo nos plant?is brasileiro. Estes resultados demonstraram a import?ncia da identifica??o g?nica do v?rus, pois se torna uma ferramenta importante na vigil?ncia epidemiol?gica e em elabora??es de protocolos vacinais que sejam eficientes.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-05-04T20:03:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Cl?udia da Silveira de S?o Sabas.pdf: 2854723 bytes, checksum: 72c0b891175db64f709341d091e509e2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-04T20:03:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Cl?udia da Silveira de S?o Sabas.pdf: 2854723 bytes, checksum: 72c0b891175db64f709341d091e509e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-28 / CAPES / CNPq / Specimens of Conorhynchos conirostris (Valenciennes, 1840), Duopalatinus emarginatus (Valenciennes, 1840), Pimelodus pohli Ribeiro & Lucena, 2006 and Cephalosilurus fowleri (Haseman, 1911) endemic fishes the river S?o Francisco, were collected from the upper S?o Francisco River, Minas Gerais, downstream from the Tr?s Marias Dam (18 ? 12'32'' S and 45 ? 15'41''W), from April 2008 to January , 2012. Twenty three species of parasites were found: Demidospermus uncusvalidus, Scleroductus sp., Pavanelliella pavanellii, metacercariae Austrodiplostomum compactum, Creptotrema creptorema, Crepidostomum platense, Iheringtrema iheringi, Karipharynx sp. Prosthenhystera obesa, metacestodes and plerocercodes of Proteocephalidea, Contracaecum sp. Cucullanus sp. Hysterothylacium sp., Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) sp1., Procamallanus pimelodus larvae, adults of Cucullanus caballeroi, Cucullanus zungaro, Goezia brevicaeca, Procamallanus (S.) sp2., P. freitasi, Paracapillaria rhamdiae, Philometra sp. and Neoechinorhynchus pimelodi. The host sex did not influence parasite indexes. The total length and weight of the hosts had some influence on the parasite indexes. Parasite communities of C. conirostris, D. emarginatus, P. pohli and C. fowleri were characterized by a low number of central species and few significant interspecific associations. Austrodiplostomum compactum, Contracaecum sp. and N. pimelodi were common on parasite communities of four hosts studied. The parasitics communities of these siluriformes were analyzed in first time with the exception of C. conirostris. Iheringtrema iheringi, Kalipharynx sp., C. caballeroi, G. brevicaeca and P. rhamdiae constitute new records for the S?o Francisco River, expanding their geographic distributions and their host?s lists. / Esp?cimes de Conorhynchos conirostris (Valenciennes, 1840), Duopalatinus emarginatus (Valenciennes, 1840), Pimelodus pohli Ribeiro & Lucena, 2006 e Cephalosilurus fowleri Haseman, 1911, peixes end?micos do rio S?o Francisco, foram coletados da regi?o do alto rio S?o Francisco, Minas Gerais, ? jusante da barragem de Tr?s Marias (18?12?32??S e 45?15?41??W), no per?odo de abril de 2008 a janeiro de 2012. Foram encontradas 23 esp?cies de parasitos: Demidospermus uncusvalidus, Scleroductus sp., Pavanelliella pavanellii, metacerc?rias de Austrodiplostomum compactum, Creptotrema creptorema, Crepidostomum platense, Iheringtrema iheringi, Karipharynx sp. Prosthenhystera obesa, metacest?ides e plerocerc?ides de Proteocephalidea, larvas de Contracaecum sp. Cucullanus sp. Hysterothylacium sp., Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) sp1., Procamallanus pimelodus, adultos de Cucullanus caballeroi, Cucullanus zungaro, Goezia brevicaeca, Procamallanus (S.) sp2., P. freitasi, Paracapillaria rhamdiae, Philometra sp. e Neoechinorhynchus pimelodi. O sexo dos hospedeiros n?o influenciou os ?ndices parasit?rios. O comprimento e o peso dos hospedeiros tiveram influ?ncia sobre os ?ndices parasit?rios. As comunidades parasit?rias de C. conirostris, D. emarginatus, P. pohli e C. fowleri foram caracterizadas pelo baixo n?mero de esp?cies centrais e poucas associa??es interespec?ficas significativas. Austrodiplostomum compactum, Contracaecum sp. e N. pimelodi foram comuns ?s comunidades parasit?rias dos quatro hospedeiros estudados. ? a primeira vez que as comunidades parasit?rias desses siluriformes s?o analisadas com exce??o de C. conirostris. Iheringtrema iheringi, Kalipharynx sp., C. caballeroi, G. brevicaeca e P. rhamdiae constituem-se novos registros para o rio S?o Francisco, ampliando suas distribui??es geogr?ficas.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-08-28T18:22:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Allan Felipe Marciano.pdf: 1368631 bytes, checksum: bba1066f388233008b1c3f41343d33e2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-28T18:22:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Allan Felipe Marciano.pdf: 1368631 bytes, checksum: bba1066f388233008b1c3f41343d33e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-03 / CAPES / CNPq / The tick Rhipicephalus microplus has been considered the most important parasite in cattles. It causes economic lost in dairy and beef cattle. As the fungus Metarhizium spp, a promising biocontrol agent, with remarkable virulence and efficacy against this arthropod. Environmental conditions can directly influence entomopathogenic fungal activity when it is released on the field. Therefore, adjuvants should be used to enhance fungal pathogenicity, stability and viability under unfavorable environmental conditions. Accordingly, several oily vehicles have been studied as adjuvant components. The present study aimed at investigate under semi-natural conditions, the permanence of fungi in the soil, the pathogenicity and the efficacy of two isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae sensu latu (ARSEF 3641 and CG 148) formulated in oil (soy and mineral), on engorged females of R. microplus engorged. The fungus was mass produced on rice cultivation and the semi-natural environment was framed from pots with Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu. The experiment was compound of seven groups: Control OLV (treated with vegetable oil and 0,1% of tween 80), Control OLM (treated with mineral oil and 0,1% of Tween 80), Treated 3641 OLV (treated with isolated ARSEF 3641 + vegetable oil); Treated 3641 OLM (treated with ARSEF 3641 isolated + mineral oil); Treated CG 148 OLV (treated with CG148 isolated + vegetable oil); Treated CG 148 OLM (treated with CG 148 isolated + mineral oil). Each group contained ten pots. The soil of each pot was sprayed with 80 ml of formulation at 108 conidia/ml in accordance with the proposed group. Afterwards, 5 engorged females were put on each pot. All pots were daily inspected for evaluating the percent mortality of famales. The efficacy of formulations tested was obtained by comparison of the number of live larvae collected at the apex of forage leaves of the control groups with the number of larvae from the treated groups. The collection of larvae was held on the 7th, 14th and 21st after the hatch. To evaluate the presence of Metarhizium spp. in the soil, a methodology was established to quantify the colonies number found in samples collected from each pot before the spraying and at 3th, 7th, 21th and 60th day after treatment. For the standardization of the methodology set out in the quantification of colonies in the soil, data from three evaluators were confronted by Kaapa test, the statistical analysis of data were submitted to the distribution of normality by the Shapiro-Wilk test. Data were analyzed as nonparametric and we used the Kruskal-Wallis test for analysis of variance followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls to compare the mean. The tested oil fungal formulations showed daily efficacy ranging between 85,08 and 96,13% compared to their respective controls. The group trated with isolated ARSEF 3641 formulated both in mineral oil and vegetable oil showed the better efficacy when compared to the respective control groups. Also, during tick females? laying period, it was possible to observe Metarhizium spp. externalization on R. microplus engorged females cuticle in all groups that were exposed to fungal formulations, confirming the ability of these fungal isolates on develop all growth stages over this arthropod in semi-natural conditions. Both fungal isolates formulated in vegetable or mineral oil showed to be able to remain active in semi-natural environment as they were pathogenic and effective against engorged females, and able to reduce significantly future generations of the tick. / O carrapato Rhipicephalus microplus ? considerado um dos principais agentes de parasitismo em bovinos por representar significativas perdas econ?micas na pecu?ria de leite e corte. Sendo o fungo Metarhizium spp, um promissor agente biocontrolador para este artr?pode, por apresentar grande virul?ncia e efic?cia contra este ectoparasita. Agentes microbianos quando lan?ados a campo, podem sofrer grande influ?ncia pelas intemp?ries ambientais, devendo estes receberem componentes que favore?am a sua patogenicidade, perman?ncia e viabilidade no ambiente, a fim de atingirem resultados satisfat?rios. Visto isto, diferentes ve?culos oleosos v?m sendo alvos de estudos como componentes adjuvantes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar, sob condi??es seminaturais, a perman?ncia no solo, a virul?ncia e a efic?cia de dois isolados do fungo Metarhizium anisopliae s.l. (ARSEF 3641 e CG 148) formulados em ?leo (soja e mineral) sobre f?meas de R. microplus, assim como a taxa e recupera??o de larvas. O fungo foi produzido em massa a partir do cultivo dos isolados em arroz e para a forma??o do ambiente seminatural, sementes de Brachiaria brizantha, cultivar Marandu, foram plantadas em vasos de polipropileno. O experimento foi composto por sete grupos: Controle CTR (grupo sem tratamento); Controle OLV (tratado com ?leo vegetal e Tween 80 a 0,1%), Controle OLM (tratado com ?leo mineral e Tween 80 a 0,1%), Tratado 3641 OLV (tratado com o isolado ARSEF 3641 + ?leo vegetal + Tween 80 a 0,1%); Tratado 3641 OLM (tratado com o isolado f?ngico ARSEF 3641 + ?leo mineral + Tween 80 a 0,1%); Tratado CG 148 OLV (tratado com o isolado 148 + ?leo vegetal + Tween 80 a 0,1%); Tratado CG 148 OLM (tratado com o isolado CG 148 + ?leo mineral + Tween 80 a 0,1%). Cada grupo conteve dez vasos. Foram pulverizados sobre a superf?cie do solo de cada vaso, 80ml da formula??o a 108 con?dios/ml de acordo com o grupo proposto para cada formula??o e posteriormente 5 f?meas ingurgitadas de peso m?dio e homog?neo foram adicionadas em cada vaso. Os mesmos foram vistoriados diariamente para a avalia??o da mortalidade das f?meas. O percentual de efic?cia das formula??es dos isolados testados foi obtido a partir da compara??o entre o n?mero de larvas vivas coletadas no ?pice das folhas da forrageira dos grupos controles e dos grupos tratados. A coleta de larvas foi realizada no 7?, 14? e 21? ap?s a eclos?o das mesmas. Para a avalia??o da presen?a de Metarhizium spp. no solo, foi estabelecido e validada uma metodologia para a quantifica??o do n?mero de col?nias encontradas em amostras coletadas de cada vaso antes da pulveriza??o e no 3?, 7?, 21? e 60? dia ap?s o tratamento. A valida??o do m?todo se fez pelo confronto da avalia??o de tr?s observadores utilizando o teste Kaapa. Para a an?lise estat?stica dos demais dados, os mesmos foram submetidos ? distribui??o da normalidade pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk sendo classificados como n?o param?tricos e foi utilizado o teste de Kruskal Wallis para an?lise de vari?ncia, seguido do Student-Newman-Keuls para compara??o entre as ordena??es m?dias. Os grupos tratados com as formula??es f?ngicas oleosas apresentaram efic?cia m?dia no controle de R. microplus variando entre 85,08 e 96,13% em rela??o aos seus respectivos grupos controles durante o per?odo de avalia??o do n?mero de larvas infestantes. O isolado ARSEF 3641 formulado tanto em ?leo vegetal quanto em ?leo mineral apresentou os melhores percentuais de efic?cia. Durante o per?odo de postura das f?meas, foi poss?vel encontrar a exterioriza??o de Metarhizium sp. nas mesmas em todos os grupos tratados com as formula??es f?ngicas, confirmando a capacidade dos isolados f?ngicos em se manterem e realizarem todas as fases de desenvolvimento sobre o artr?pode em condi??es seminaturais. Ambos os isolados testados, nas duas condi??es de formula??es propostas, mostraram-se aptos a permanecerem ativos no ambiente seminatural, virulentos e eficazes contra f?meas de R. microplus, sendo capazes de reduzir significativamente gera??es futuras do carrapato.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-10-24T18:46:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Gisele Santos de Meireles.pdf: 16741114 bytes, checksum: 1d4b03cbd2287a0984257f70efb149da (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-24T18:46:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Gisele Santos de Meireles.pdf: 16741114 bytes, checksum: 1d4b03cbd2287a0984257f70efb149da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-27 / CAPES / FAPERJ / This study aimed to determine from the protein profile of oocysts of Cystoisospora felis recovered from the sequential use of various purification techniques adapted for specific use in sporulated oocysts of C. felis. With the aid of SDS-PAGE 12% resulted in identification of 25 groups of protein: 266, 240, 186, 165, 140, 119, 112, 105, 98, 90, 78, 55, 47, 42, 37, 35, 30, 27-28, 25, 22, 19, 18, 16, 14 kDa belonging to the structure of sporulated oocysts and sporozoites of C. felis. Based on this results and heterologous bovine serum anti-C. felis was possible to determine polypeptides dominant relevant to diagnostic immunoassay technique with "Western Blotting", these being immunodominant bands: P208, P138, P113, p106, p62, p56, p51, p48, p44, p38, p36, and p33 p27. In order to avoid misdiagnosis from cross-reactivity a positive control serum anti-C. felis was compared to with positive serum anti-Toxoplasma and Neospora in order to exclude the common protein bands, probably markers of gender and group to identify cattle infected naturally or experimentally with C. felis. As showed, the following specific antigenic protein units: p 206-208, P137-139, p112- 113, p104-107, p27-28 are responsible for determining the animal tested positive or not for Cystoisospora felis. Of the analysis of the variables could be observed that the presence of felines related to the handling, size and type of milking properties facilitates dispersion C. felis. / Este trabalho teve por objetivo, diagnosticar a infec??o por Cystoisospora felis em bovinos atrav?s do Western Blotting, apartir de oocistos obtidos com o uso sequencial de v?rias t?cnicas de purifica??o adaptadas para o uso em oocistos esporulados de C. felis. Com o aux?lio do SDS-PAGE a 12 % resultou na identifica??o de 25 grupos proteicos de: 266; 240; 186; 165; 140; 119, 112, 105, 98, 90, 78, 55, 47, 42, 37, 35, 30, 27-28, 25, 22, 19, 18, 16, 14 KDa, pertencentes a estrutura dos oocistos esporulados e esporozoitas de C. felis. Com base nesse resultado e em soro de bovino heter?logo anti-C. felis foi poss?vel determinar os polipept?deos dominantes relevantes ? t?cnica de diagn?stico imunoenzimatico com ?Western Blotting?, sendo estas, as bandas imunodominantes: p208, p138, p113, p106, p62, p56, p51, p48, p44, p38, p36, p33 e p27. A fim de evitar o diagn?stico equivocado a partir de rea??es cruzadas foi feita a compara??o do soro controle positivo anti-C. felis com o soro positivo anti-Toxoplasma e Neospora com o intuito de excluir as bandas proteicas comuns, prov?veis marcadoras de g?nero e grupo para identifica??o de bovinos infectados de maneira natural ou experimental com C. felis. Sendo evidenciadas, as seguintes unidades proteicas antig?nicas espec?ficas: p 206-208, p137-139, p112-113, p104-107, p27-28 respons?veis por determinar a positividade dos animais testados para C. felis. A partir das an?lises das vari?veis foi poss?vel observar que a presen?a de felinos associados, ao manejo, tipo de ordenha e tamanho das propriedades facilita a dispers?o de C. felis.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-07-06T19:31:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AlessandraMirandaCabral_TESE.pdf: 6365210 bytes, checksum: 82d82db05530ac0319ed9de4c089f191 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-07-06T21:16:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AlessandraMirandaCabral_TESE.pdf: 6365210 bytes, checksum: 82d82db05530ac0319ed9de4c089f191 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-06T21:16:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlessandraMirandaCabral_TESE.pdf: 6365210 bytes, checksum: 82d82db05530ac0319ed9de4c089f191 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-18 / A Benzilpenicilina (PENG) ? usada como princ?pio ativo em medicamentos veterin?rios, para aumentara produtividade pecu?ria, devido suas propriedades terap?uticas. Este antibi?tico ? indicado para controle de infec??es em animais produtores de alimentos, como bovinos e caprinos. Por?m, quando s?o de m? qualidade e utilizados indiscriminadamente, resultam em res?duos nos alimentos expostos ao consumo humano, principalmente, no leite que ? essencial para dieta das popula??es de crian?as e idosos. Assim, ? imprescind?vel que se desenvolvam novos m?todos capazes de detectar os res?duos nesse alimento, em n?veis que s?o nefastos a sa?de humana, a fim de contribuir com a seguran?a alimentar dos consumidores e colaborar com as ag?ncias reguladoras numa fiscaliza??o eficiente. Este trabalho oferece um novo m?todo, para determina??ode res?duos dos antibi?ticos. Aqui, mostramos duas etapas para controle anal?tico, na primeira ? constatado, pelas medidas das propriedades f?sico-qu?micas, a identidade e qualidade desses f?rmacos, comercialmente distribu?dos. Na segunda etapa, foi desenvolvido e validado um novo m?todo para extra??o, identifica??o e quantifica??o de PENG utilizando Cromatografia liquida ultra-r?pida acoplada a arranjo linear de fotodiodos (UFLC-DAD). Este m?todo foi aplicado em amostras de leite ultrapasterizado bovino (m?todo 1) e caprino (m?todo 2). O m?todo 1 apresentou limite de detec??o (LD) 7,246 ? 10-4?g mL-1. Limite de quantifica??o (LQ) 2,196 ? 10-3?g mL-1. O m?todo 2 apresentou LD de 8,251 ? 10-4 ?g mL-1. LQ de 2,5270 ? 10-3 ?g mL-1. Os resultados mostraram concord?ncia com o limite m?ximo de res?duos (LMR)de 4 ? 10-3 ?g mL-1em 88% para leite bovino e 85% para leite caprino. Os m?todos desenvolvidos se apresentam como uma excelente ferramenta a ser utilizada na investiga??o dos res?duos de antibi?ticos em leite. Sobretudo porque os procedimentos desenvolvidos apresentaram simplicidade, seletividade, reduzido tempo de an?lise e consumo de reagentes e solventes t?xicos, se comparados ?s metodologias j? estabelecidas. / The Benzylpenicillin (PENG) have been as the active ingredient in veterinary medicinal products, to increase productivity, due to its therapeutic properties. However, one of unfortunate quality and used indiscriminately, resulting in residues in foods exposed to human consumption, especially in milk that is essential to the diet of children and the ageing. Thus, it is indispensable to develop new methods able to detect this waste food, at levels that are toxic to human health, in order to contribute to the food security of consumers and collaborate with regulatory agencies in an efficient inspection. In this work, were developed methods for the quality control of veterinary drugs based on Benzylpenicillin (PENG) that are used in livestock production. Additionally, were validated methodologies for identifying and quantifying the antibiotic residues in milk bovine and caprine. For this, the analytical control was performed two steps. At first, the groups of samples of medicinal products I, II, III, IV and V, individually, were characterized by medium infrared spectroscopy (4000 ? 600 cm-1). Besides, 37 samples, distributed in these groups, were analyzed by spectroscopy in the ultraviolet and near infrared region (UV VIS NIR) and Ultra Fast Liquid Chromatograph coupled to linear arrangement photodiodes (UFLC-DAD). The results of the characterization indicated similarities, between PENG and reference standard samples, primarily in regions of 1818 to 1724 cm-1 of ? C=O that shows primary amides features of PENG. The method by UFLC-DAD presented R on 0.9991. LOD of 7.384 ? 10-4 ?g mL-1. LOQ of 2.049 ? 10-3 ?g mL-1. The analysis shows that 62.16% the samples presented purity ? 81.21%. The method by spectroscopy in the UV VIS NIR presented medium error ? 8 ? 12% between the reference and experimental criteria, indicating is a secure choice for rapid determination of PENG. In the second stage, was acquiring a method for the extraction and isolation of PENG by the addition of buffer McIlvaine, used for precipitation of proteins total, at pH 4.0. The results showed excellent recovery values PENG, being close to 92.05% of samples of bovine milk (method 1). While samples of milk goats (method 2) the recovery of PENG were 95.83%. The methods for UFLC-DAD have been validated in accordance with the maximum residue limit (LMR) of 4 ?g Kg-1 standardized by CAC/GL16. Validation of the method 1 indicated R by 0.9975. LOD of 7.246 ? 10-4 ?g mL-1. LOQ de 2.196 ? 10-3 ?g mL-1. The application of the method 1 showed that 12% the samples presented concentration of residues of PENG > LMR. The method 2 indicated R by 0.9995. LOD 8.251 ? 10-4 ?g mL-1. LOQ de 2.5270 ? 10-3 ?g mL-1. The application of the method showed that 15% of the samples were above the tolerable. The comparative analysis between the methods pointed better validation for LCP samples, because the reduction of the matrix effect, on this account the tcalculs < ttable, caused by the increase of recovery of the PENG. In this mode, all the operations developed to deliver simplicity, speed, selectivity, reduced analysis time and reagent use and toxic solvents, particularly if compared to the established methodologies.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-06T18:14:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Vin?cius Menezes Tunholi Alves.pdf: 1609397 bytes, checksum: 1c31fd547893728f1c9c9165ee10137c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-06T18:14:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Vin?cius Menezes Tunholi Alves.pdf: 1609397 bytes, checksum: 1c31fd547893728f1c9c9165ee10137c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-01 / FAPERJ / Angiostrongylus cantonensis Chen, 1935 was first described as a parasite of the pulmonary artery of Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus in Canton, China. This helminth is an etiological agent of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis, a zoonotic disease endemic to certain Asian countries, which has recently dispersed to Africa, North and South America, and Caribbean islands. Currently Brazil is considered an area of high risk for the establishment of human angiostrongyliasis, due mainly to the occurrence of naturally infected snails and rodents, acting respectively as definitive and intermediate hosts of this parasite, directly favoring the transmission dynamics of neural angiostrongyliasis. In its life cycle, snails act as intermediate hosts, allowing the development of infective larval forms in the definitive host. In recent years, the metabolic characteristics of experimentally infected snails have been studied in an effort to develop measures to control the pathologies transmitted by these organisms. However, there is little information on the relationship between A. cantonensis and the freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata, which is cause for concern, not only because of the importance of this parasite, but also due to the widespread distribution of this snail in Brazil. In this study, the metabolic alterations of B. glabrata resulting from experimental infection by A. cantonensis were evaluated. For this purpose, snails of the pigmented strain were used, reared in the laboratory since oviposition. Two overall groups were formed: control (C1, C2 and C3), with uninfected animals, and treated (I1, I2 and I3), with infected snails. Each subgroup was composed of 10 snails. The entire experiment was performed in duplicate, utilizing a total of 120 snails. After one, two and three weeks of infection, 20 snails from each group were dissected to collect the hemolymph and tissues. The spectrophotometric readings were performed with Doles commercial reagent kits. The biochemical measurement demonstrated that infection by A. cantonensis induced a significant reduction in the hemolymph concentrations of calcium after one week of infection, followed by an increase in the concentrations of this ion in the second week of infection. This situation was accompanied by intense mobilization of CaCO3 in the shell of the infected snails, possibly as an attempt to reestablish the acid-base equilibrium after its alteration during the parasites? development. The histopathology results also demonstrated morphological changes in the digestive gland of infected snails, mainly in the form of granulomatous reactions and areas of metastatic calcification. Variations in the reserves of neutral lipids stored in the digestive gland-gonad complex were also observed. Infection resulted in a significant decrease in the concentrations of cholesterol and an increase in the levels of fatty acid and triacylglycerol after the first two weeks of infection. The increase in the concentration of fatty acid was associated with an increase in lipase activity, indicating that A. cantonensis induces activation of a lipolytic process during development in its intermediate host. Finally, infection by A. cantonensis resulted in changes in the oxidative metabolism of B. glabrata. Besides depletion of the polysaccharide reserves stored in the digestive gland and cephalopodal mass, parasitism by A. cantonensis induced activation of the host?s anaerobic metabolism, resulting not only in an increase in activity of lactate dehydrogenase in the hemolymph, but also reduction of the levels of pyruvic acid and accumulation of lactate. This is an interesting adaptive response of the host to infection, enabling the host, through anaerobic metabolism, to generate energy while still maintaining its redox balance. Additionally, the reduction in the concentrations of oxalic acid in the final parasite development periods suggests its diversion to gluconeogenesis, indicating the involvement of this molecule as a precursor in the synthesis of glucose-6-phosphate. This metabolic condition was accompanied by a deletion in oxidative phosphorylation infected snails (1 and 2 weeks) after infection, suggesting a decrease in the number of mitochondria in the examined tissue, or suppression of enzymatic centers related to oxidative reactions. / O nemat?ide Angiostrongylus cantonensis foi primeiramente descrito como parasito de art?ria pulmonar de Rattus norvegicus e Rattus rattus em Canton, China. Este helminto tem sido mencionado como principal agente etiol?gico da meningoencefalite eosinof?lica humana, uma metazoonose end?mica no continente asi?tico e que recentemente, tem-se disseminado para ?frica, Norte e Sul da Am?rica e Ilhas do Caribe. Atualmente, o Brasil ? considerado ?rea de alto risco ao estabelecimento da angiostrongil?ase humana, justificado n?o somente pela presen?a de moluscos, mas tamb?m roedores naturalmente infectados, que atuam respectivamente como hospedeiros intermedi?rios e definitivos desse parasito, fatores que favorecem diretamente a din?mica de transmiss?o da angiostrongil?ase neural. Em seu ciclo de vida moluscos atuam como hospedeiros intermedi?rios, possibilitando a partir se sua infec??o, o desenvolvimento de formas larvais infectantes ao hospedeiro definitivo. Nos ?ltimos anos, a caracteriza??o de padr?es metab?licos de moluscos infectados experimentalmente, tem sido estudada como base para o desenvolvimento de medidas focadas principalmente no controle de patologias transmitidas por estes organismos. Por?m, quando nos referimos a modelos experimentais utilizando A. cantonensis e Biomphalaria glabrata, os dados ainda s?o escassos, o que preocupa, n?o apenas pela import?ncia do parasito, mas tamb?m pela ampla distribui??o da esp?cie B. glabrata no Brasil. Neste estudo, foram observadas altera??es no metabolismo mineral, lip?dico e oxidativo de B. glabrata, decorrentes da infec??o experimental por A. cantonensis. Para isso, foram utilizados moluscos da linhagem pigmentada criados desde a oviposi??o e mantidos em condi??es laborat?riais. Foram formados dois grupos: controle (C1, C2, C3) com animais n?o infectados e infectados (I1, I2 e I3). Os grupos eram compostos por 10 moluscos. Todo experimento foi feito em duplicata, utilizando um total de 120 moluscos. Ap?s 1, 2 e 3 semanas de infec??o, 20 moluscos de cada grupo eram dissecados para a coleta da hemolinfa e tecidos. As leituras espectrofotom?tricas foram realizadas a partir de kits comercias da marca Doles. As dosagens bioqu?micas demonstraram que a infec??o por A. cantonensis induziu uma diminui??o significativa nos conte?dos hemolinf?ticos de c?lcio ap?s primeira semana de infec??o, seguido por um aumento nas concentra??es desse ?on na segunda semana de estudo. Este cen?rio foi acompanhado por uma intensa mobiliza??o de CaCO3 na concha de moluscos infectados, possivelmente como tentativa em restabelecer o equil?brio ?cido-base alterado durante o desenvolvimento do parasito. Resultados histopatol?gicos demonstraram ainda altera??es morfol?gicas na gl?ndula digestiva de moluscos infectados, caracterizadas principalmente na forma de rea??es granulomatosas e ?reas de calcifica??o metast?tica. Varia??es nas reservas de lip?dios neutros estocados no complexo gl?ndula digestiva-g?noda foram tamb?m demonstradas. A infec??o resultou em um decr?scimo significativo nos conte?dos de colesterol e no aumento dos n?veis de ?cido graxo e triacilglicerol ap?s as duas primeiras semanas de infec??o. O aumento nos conte?dos de ?cido graxo foi associado ao aumento da atividade lip?sica, indicando que A. cantonensis induz de fato a ativa??o de um processo lipol?tico durante etapa de desenvolvimento em seu hospedeiro intermedi?rio. Por fim, a infec??o de A. cantonensis resultou em mudan?as no metabolismo oxidativo de B. glabrata. Al?m da deple??o de reservas polissacar?dicas estocadas na gl?ndula digestiva e massa cefalopodal, o parasitismo por A. cantonensis induziu a ativa??o do metabolismo anaer?bio de seu hospedeiro, resultando n?o apenas no aumento da atividade da lactato desidrogenase hemolinf?tica, mas tamb?m na redu??o dos n?veis de ?cido pir?vico e ac?mulo de lactato. Isso representa uma interessante resposta adaptativa do hospedeiro frente ? infec??o, possibilitando o hospedeiro a partir do metabolismo anaer?bio, gerar energia e ao mesmo tempo mant?m seu balan?o redox. Adicionalmente, a redu??o nas concentra??es de ?cido ox?lico observado nos per?odos finais do desenvolvimento parasit?rio, sugere o seu desvio para a gliconeog?nese, destacando o envolvimento dessa mol?cula como precursora na s?ntese de glicose-6-fosfato. Este cen?rio metab?lico foi acompanhado por uma supress?o na fosforila??o oxidativa de moluscos infectados (1 e 2 semanas) de infec??o, sugerindo uma diminui??o na quantidade de mitoc?ndrias no tecido analisado, ou ainda, na inibi??o de centros enzim?ticos relacionados ?s rea??es oxidativas.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-06T20:04:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Vanessa Barreto Xavier.pdf: 10480934 bytes, checksum: dcefb748f49bc38601b8bbc19c70ebc8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-06T20:04:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Vanessa Barreto Xavier.pdf: 10480934 bytes, checksum: dcefb748f49bc38601b8bbc19c70ebc8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-24 / CAPES / Paratanaisia bragai is a digenetic that reaches sexual maturity in the collecting ducts of domestic and wild birds, and larval development using the snail Subulina octona or Leptinaria unilamellata. The embryonated eggs are released with the waste products of the definitive host and the infection settles in the snail by ingestion of these. After hatching, the miracidium, develop inside the snail two sporocysts generations, cercariae and metacercariae. The definitive host acquires infection by ingestion of parasitized snail. The present study was aimed to identify the action of the parasite on the kidney of pigeons, Columba livia, through histology, and the morphometry, morphology and ultrastructure using light microscopy, scanning electron and transmission of the egg, larval stages (miracidium , cercariae and metacercariae) and adult helminth P. bragai. The adults pigeons were obtained near the Central de Abastecimento do Estado do Rio de Janeiro S.A, Iraj?, Munic?pio do Rio de Janeiro. After parasitological examination in the laboratory, to check infection, the pigeons infected were necropsied to collect helminth and infected kidney. The pigeons were used as uninfected controls. The experimental protocols were approved by the ethics committee on research UFRRJ. Histopathology showed dilatation of the renal tubules, with mononuclear inflammatory cells, formation of papilliform structure projecting into the tubular lumen and metaplasia of the epithelium of the collecting tubule walls, from simple cubic in the tubules uninfected to pseudostratified in infected kidney with P. bragai. The eggs are elliptical, with operculum at the anterior end and a knot at the posterior end, abopercular region. The eggshell is rough and composed of three layers: inner, middle and outer with thicknesses and different electrondense. The miracidium is elongated, with terebratorium the anterior end and body covered with cilia. The cercariae have cylindrical body that tapers slightly in the posterior region. The tegument is rough, the oral sucker is subterminal, the acetabulum stands in the middle third of the body. Papillae were observed around the oral sucker. A similar rudimentary tail structure was observed in some cercariae. The metacercariae observed through histological sections visualized the oral sucker, acetabulum, scales and cyst that consist of three layers, inner, middle and outer, of different thicknesses. The presence of the layers was confirmed by visualization of histological sections of metacercariae in scanning electron microscopy. The adult parasite is elongated and flattened body with oral sucker, pharynx, vitelline glands extending to the region of cecal bifurcation and then the median region of the body. The genital pore visualized a structure that is everted the cirrus in rosette form. In the adult stage the tegument is covered with scales of various types; simple scales, with two, three, four, five and seven divisions, a characteristic that may contribute to ratify the taxonomic classification of the parasite. / Paratanaisia bragai ? um digen?tico que atinge a maturidade sexual nos ductos coletores de aves dom?sticas e silvestres, e para o desenvolvimento larval utiliza o molusco Subulina octona ou Leptinaria unilamellata. Os ovos embrionados s?o liberados com os produtos de excre??o do hospedeiro definitivo e a infec??o no molusco se estabelece pela ingest?o destes. Ap?s a eclos?o do mirac?dio, desenvolvem-se no interior do molusco duas gera??es de esporocistos, cerc?rias e metacerc?rias. O hospedeiro definitivo adquire a infec??o por ingest?o do molusco parasitado. O presente estudo teve como objetivos: verificar a a??o do parasito sobre o rim de pombos, Columba livia, atrav?s da an?lise histopatol?gica bem como analisar a morfometria, morfologia e ultraestrutura utilizando a microscopia de luz, eletr?nica de varredura e transmiss?o do ovo, est?gios larvais (mirac?dio, cerc?ria e metacerc?ria) e helminto adulto de P. bragai. Pombos adultos foram obtidos pr?ximos a Central de Abastecimento do Estado do Rio de Janeiro S.A, Iraj?, Munic?pio Rio de Janeiro. Ap?s exame coproparasitol?gico, no laborat?rio, para verifica??o da infec??o, os pombos infectados foram necropsiados para a coleta dos helmintos e do rim infectado. Os pombos n?o infectados foram utilizados como grupo controle. Os protocolos experimentais foram aprovados pela comiss?o de ?tica na pesquisa da UFRRJ. A an?lise histopatol?gica revelou dilata??o dos t?bulos renais, processo inflamat?rio com c?lulas mononucleadas, forma??o de estrutura papiliforme projetando-se para a luz tubular e metaplasia do epit?lio da parede do t?bulo coletor, de epit?lio c?bico simples nos t?bulos n?o infectados a pseudroestratificado nos rins infectados com P. bragai. Os ovos s?o el?pticos, com op?rculo na extremidade anterior e n? na extremidade posterior, regi?o abopercular. A casca apresenta-se ?spera e composta por tr?s camadas: interna, m?dia e externa de espessuras e eletrondensidades diferentes. O mirac?dio ? alongado, com terebratorium na extremidade anterior e corpo coberto por c?lios. As cerc?rias apresentam corpo cil?ndrico que se afunila ligeiramente na regi?o posterior. O tegumento ? rugoso, a ventosa oral ? subterminal, o acet?bulo destaca-se no ter?o m?dio do corpo. Papilas foram verificadas ao redor da ventosa oral. Uma estrutura semelhante ? cauda rudimentar foi observada em algumas cerc?rias. Nas metacerc?rias observadas atrav?s de cortes histol?gicos visualizou-se a ventosa oral, o acet?bulo, as escamas e cisto composto por tr?s camadas, interna, m?dia e externa, de espessuras diferentes. A presen?a das camadas foi confirmada na visualiza??o dos cortes histol?gicos das metacerc?rias na microscopia eletr?nica de varredura. O parasito adulto tem corpo alongado e achatado com ventosa oral, faringe, gl?ndulas vitelog?nicas extracecais que se prolongam anteriormente at? a regi?o de bifurca??o cecal e posteriormente a regi?o mediana do corpo. No poro genital visualiza-se uma estrutura evertida que ? o cirro em formato de roseta. No est?gio adulto o tegumento ? coberto por escamas de v?rios tipos; escamas simples, b?fidas, tr?fidas, com quatro, cinco e sete divis?es, caracter?stica que pode contribuir para ratificar a classifica??o taxon?mica do parasito.