Introduktion: Partnervåld är ett världsomfattande problem som drabbar både män och kvinnor. Manliga brottsoffer uppfattas som mer ansvariga för våldet de utsätts för än kvinnliga brottsoffer och uppfattningarna får konsekvenser för bemötande inom rättsväsendet och vilken hjälp brottsoffret får. Syfte: Att undersöka skillnader och likheter i studenters uppfattningar om brottsoffers delaktighet till sin utsatthet för partnervåld i heterosexuella parrelationer. Vidare var syftet med studien att undersöka hur studenternas rekommenderade åtgärder efter en inträffad partnervåldsincident skiljer sig mellan manligt respektive kvinnligt brottsoffer. Metod: En enkätstudie genomfördes på Mittuniversitetet i Sundsvall, där 90 studenter fick läsa om ett manligt brottsoffer och 88 studenter fick läsa om ett kvinnligt brottsoffer. Enkäten bestod av åtta fallbeskrivningar med tre frågor till respektive fallbeskrivning. Grupperna som jämfördes var manliga och kvinnliga respondenter samt respondenter som läst om ett manligt respektive kvinnligt brottsoffer. Dataanalysen utfördes i statistikprogrammet SPSS. Resultat: Manliga brottsoffer uppfattades som mer delaktiga till sin utsatthet än kvinnliga brottsoffer. Både manliga och kvinnliga brottsoffer uppfattades som mer delaktiga till sin utsatthet av manliga respondenter jämfört med kvinnliga respondenter. Respondenterna tenderade att uppfatta brottsoffer som mer delaktiga till sin utsatthet vid aktiv precipitation än vid passiv precipitation. Kvinnliga brottsoffer blev i högre utsträckning än manliga brottsoffer R rekommenderade att kontakta polisen efter inträffad partnervåldsincident. Diskussion: Manliga och kvinnliga brottsoffer uppfattas olika trots identiska partnervåldsincidenter. Detta går i linje med tidigare forskning som förklarar skillnaderna med könsstereotyper inom partnervåld. Resultatet är av vikt för arbetet med brottsoffer för partnervåld då uppfattningar om brottsoffers delaktighet till sin utsatthet kan påverka hur individer bemöter brottsoffer för partnervåld. / <p>2015-06-03</p>

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The purpose of the proposed study is to consider why and under which conditions do supervisors engage in abusive behaviours towards their subordinates. To answer my first research question, why do supervisors engage in abusive supervision, I draw on victim precipitation (e.g., Sparks, Glenn, & Dodd, 1977) and conservation of resources (COR; Hobfoll, 1989) theories to argue that certain subordinate performance-related behaviours and characteristics threaten supervisor resources leading to abuse as a stress reaction. To answer my second research question, under which conditions do supervisors engage in abusive supervision, I draw on attribution theory (Heider, 1958; Weiner, 1986). I argue that supervisors abuse subordinates when they attribute responsibility, or blame subordinates for negative performance-related behaviours and characteristics, as a means of protecting or guarding against future resource loss. To answer my research questions, I developed measures for self- and other-perceived general mental ability (GMA) and blame attributions. I obtained data from 211 supervisor-subordinate dyads in Canada and the United States. Respondents were surveyed for information about their work behaviours, characteristics, and relationships. Using Hayes (2013) PROCESS macros, I found partial support for the proposed model and offer refinements to COR and victim precipitation theories. I found relationships between both self- and supervisor-reported subordinate behaviours and characteristics and abusive supervision, largely in the direction hypothesized. I also found supervisor-reported subordinate performance behaviours and perceived GMA to share a stronger relationship with subordinate reports of abusive supervision than subordinate reported behaviours and characteristics in many instances. / October 2016

Victim precipitated homicide is a phenomenon generally credited to the seminal work of Marvin Wolfgang (1957, 1958, 1967). While a limited number of studies have been conducted supporting this concept, limited understanding exists of the event dynamics of homicidal transactions in general and victim precipitated homicides in particular. In this study, the presence of an audience and alcohol impairment are treated as catalysts that influence the dynamics of the homicide event. It is hypothesized that homicide events are more likely to take shape as victim precipitated transactions when audience members are present. It is further hypothesized that the victim’s consumption of alcohol serves as a moderator between the presence of an audience and victim precipitated homicide. These hypotheses were tested using a dataset of 473 homicides occurring in Dallas, Texas from 1988 to 1997. The author found support for the first hypothesis postulating that the presence of an audience increases the odds of a victim precipitated homicide, but found little support for alcohol as a moderating factor. Potential theoretical and policy implications and future research are discussed.

Bakgrund: Kvinnors brottslighet utgör endast en minimal del av brottsligheten som existerar,eftersom det i regel är män som begår brott. Detta speglas av brist på kunskap om kvinnligaförövare. Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att belysa det studerade ämnet och på så sätt ökauppmärksamheten i samhället för kvinnliga mördare. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudieutfördes om de gemensamma faktorer kvinnliga mördare har. Resultat: Kvinnor mördar somsvar på mäns våld i en relation, oftast i självförsvar. Ett flertal av de kvinnliga förövarnadödar en intim partner, i en nödsakad situation, som ett alternativ till att inte själv blimördade. De tenderar att lida av psykisk ohälsa, mörda i det gemensamma hemmet ochanvända kniv som mordvapen. Slutsats: Kärnan i ett proaktivt tillvägagångssätt är detförebyggande arbetet innan det dödliga våldet blir ett alternativ. Med kunskapen i hand är detav stor vikt att inledningsvis fokusera på partnervåld. Det är uppenbart att den kvinnligaförövaren agerar i rädsla och i självförsvar, vilket gör dem till egna beskyddare närrättsväsendet misslyckas. / Background: Crime committed by women constitutes a minimal part of the overall crimerate. Generally, men are the ones committing majority of crimes. This is reflected by a lack ofknowledge of female perpetrators. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to highlight thesubject studied and thus increase the overall attitude towards female murderers in order toclear up the confusion when solving these cases. Method: A systematic literature study wasconducted to investigate the common denominators among the female perpetrators. Result:Women commit murders in response to men's violence, usually in a relationship and inself-defense. The majority of the female perpetrators kill their intimate partner in fair of notbeing the victim of murder them selves, the motive strictly self-defense. The femaleperpetrators hold some common denominators; mental illness, the crime happen in thecommon home and a knife is usually the murder weapon of choice. Conclusion: The essenceof proactive approach is the preventative work ahead of the crime committed. With theknowledge at hand, law enforcement need to focus on partner violence. It is obvious that theperpetrator act in fear and in self-defense, making them their own protectors when the lawenforcement fails them.

Internet has become a great part of our daily routines giving us the ability to perform various actions in many aspects of our personal and social life. The new available opportunities provided with the Internet enhancement have opened a great space for improvement in our lives but they have also provided space for new types of criminal behaviour to occur. Cyberbullying and cyberstalking are part of the wide range of criminal behaviors performed through an online device. The presence of online criminal behavior is accompanied by the increase on the online victimization rates. The aim of this paper is to explain online victimization performed through cyberbullying and cyberstalking based on the theories of routine activity, social learning and victim precipitation.The results show that online victimization is closely connected with the daily routines that individuals have accompanied by the interactions and associations that are performed during our social life who also influence the practise of online victimization. Anonymity is a commonly found factor almost always present and plays an important role on explaining the behavior itself for both the offender and the victim's side. Overall the findings show that both online offenders and online victims of cyberbullying and cyberstalking are given more engagement opportunities in the criminal act due to the constant usage and the inclusion of online devices in theor daily routines. The above accompanied with the anonymity and opportunity provided by cyberspace ease the " performance" of cyber victimization.

The exploratory study investigated jewellery store robbery from a victim risk and intervention perspective. An explanation of the phenomenon was offered based on the information obtained from a review of the existing literature, case studies, personal observations at jewellery stores, discussions with jewellers, a scientific questionnaire submitted to jewellers, and semi-structured and structured interviews conducted with a group of knowledgeable respondents and victimised jewellers respectively. A predominantly quantitative research method was applied. The research findings obtained during the study enabled a proposal for a jewellery store robbery intervention model based on the situational crime prevention perspective, which is inclusive of decisional, environmental, situational, procedural, personnel and business-oriented strategies. / Criminology / M.A. (Criminology)

The exploratory study investigated jewellery store robbery from a victim risk and intervention perspective. An explanation of the phenomenon was offered based on the information obtained from a review of the existing literature, case studies, personal observations at jewellery stores, discussions with jewellers, a scientific questionnaire submitted to jewellers, and semi-structured and structured interviews conducted with a group of knowledgeable respondents and victimised jewellers respectively. A predominantly quantitative research method was applied. The research findings obtained during the study enabled a proposal for a jewellery store robbery intervention model based on the situational crime prevention perspective, which is inclusive of decisional, environmental, situational, procedural, personnel and business-oriented strategies. / Criminology and Security Science / M.A. (Criminology)