Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:39:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cola_pc_dr_botfm.pdf: 322566 bytes, checksum: c4c7e27623dcf612ce68a6ccd1200fec (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Na literatura discute-se a influência dos estímulos, sabor e temperatura, sobre a biomecânica da deglutição, tanto em indivíduos saudáveis como em indivíduos após comprometimentos neurológicos. Entretanto, existem algumas questões que merecem ser esclarecidas, assim como a ordem da oferta dos estímulos e se as mesmas influenciam a resposta faríngea de forma diferente. O presente estudo teve como objetivo geral verificar a influência da oferta dos estímulos, sabor azedo e temperatura fria, sobre o tempo de trânsito faríngeo (TTF) da deglutição em indivíduos pós-AVE. E objetivos específicos foram, correlacionar a influência da oferta dos estímulos, sobre o (TTF) da deglutição, com o lado da lesão cortical e com o grau da disfagia orofaríngea. Participaram desta pesquisa 60 indivíduos após acidente vascular encefálico isquêmico (AVEi), unilateral, 29 eram do gênero masculino e 31 do gênero feminino, com idades entre 41 e 88 anos (com média de 66,2 anos), o ictus variou de 0 a 50 dias (com mediana de 6 dias) e a disfagia orofaríngea de grau leve a moderado. Esses 60 indivíduos foram divididos em dois grupos (G1 e G2) com 30 indivíduos cada (15 indivíduos com lesão cortical a direita e 15 a esquerda). O grupo 1 (G1) recebeu a oferta dos estímulos de maneira não aleatória e o grupo 2 (G2) recebeu a ordem da oferta dos estímulos de maneira aleatória. Para analisar o tempo de trânsito faríngeo (TTF) da deglutição foi realizado o exame de videofluoroscopia da deglutição. Foram oferecidos quatro estímulos diferentes, os indivíduos do G1 receberam na ordem não aleatória (natural, gelado, azedo e azedo gelado) e os indivíduos do G2 de maneira aleatória. Posteriormente as imagens foram digitalizadas e foi realizada através de software a medição do TTF. Os indivíduos do G1 apresentaram TTF menor com estímulo azedo gelado e com diferença... / The influence of stimuli, taste and temperature, on the swallowing biomechanics has been investigated in the scientific community, in both health individuals and in after neurological disease individuals. However, there are some questions that could be better explained, as well as, the sequence of offered stimuli and if they influence the pharyngeal response in different way. The present study had as general proposes to verify the influence of the sequence of stimuli, sour taste and cold temperature, on deglutition pharyngeal transit time in individuals after stroke. And specific objectives, were correlate the influence of stimuli sequence, on swallowing pharyngeal transit time, with the cortical lesion side and with the oropharyngeal dysphagia degree. Participated this research 60 individuals after isquemic stroke, unilateral, 29 males and 31 females, aged from 41 to 88 years (mean age of 66,2 years), ictus from 0 to 50 days (median of 6 days) and oropharyngeal dysphagia from mild to moderate. These 60 individuals were divided in two groups (G1 and G2) with 30 individuals each (15 individuals with right cortical lesion and 15 left). The Group 1 (G1) received nonrandomized sequences of stimuli and Group 2 (G2) received randomized sequence of stimuli. To analyze the deglutition pharyngeal transit time it was realized the videofluoroscopic deglutition exam. It was offered four different stimuli, the G1 received nonrandomized sequences of stimuli (natural, cold, sour and sour cold) and the G2 randomized sequence. Afterward the images were digitalized and specific software was used to measure the pharyngeal transit time. The G1 individuals presented shorter pharyngeal transit time with sour cold stimulus and with statistical difference than other stimuli. The G2 individuals do not presented statistical difference in pharyngeal transit time among stimuli. There was statistical... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

published_or_final_version / abstract / Orthopaedics and Traumatology / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Rationale: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Swallowing problems are also common in children. Aspiration is one outcome of swallowing dysfunction that may be a contributing factor to LRTI. Methods: Retrospective review of children undergoing videofluoroscopic swallow study was done to identify the prevalence and correlates of aspiration and LRTI. Results: Aspiration prevalence was 36.6%. Significant factors on univariate analysis included: developmental delay, LRTI, pneumonia, digestive tract anomalies, indigenous heritage, cough and congestion. With logistic regression, congestion and LRTI correlated with aspiration. Prevalence of LRTI was 42%. Using univariate analysis pneumonia, aspiration and indigenous heritage were significant. With logistic regression, respiratory issues and indigenous heritage correlated with LRTI. Conclusion: The etiology of LRTI is complex and multifactoral. Understanding the relationship between all factors is imperative given that current interventions are invasive and the untreated outcome can be progressive lung injury.

Rationale: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Swallowing problems are also common in children. Aspiration is one outcome of swallowing dysfunction that may be a contributing factor to LRTI. Methods: Retrospective review of children undergoing videofluoroscopic swallow study was done to identify the prevalence and correlates of aspiration and LRTI. Results: Aspiration prevalence was 36.6%. Significant factors on univariate analysis included: developmental delay, LRTI, pneumonia, digestive tract anomalies, indigenous heritage, cough and congestion. With logistic regression, congestion and LRTI correlated with aspiration. Prevalence of LRTI was 42%. Using univariate analysis pneumonia, aspiration and indigenous heritage were significant. With logistic regression, respiratory issues and indigenous heritage correlated with LRTI. Conclusion: The etiology of LRTI is complex and multifactoral. Understanding the relationship between all factors is imperative given that current interventions are invasive and the untreated outcome can be progressive lung injury.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Alberta, 2009. / A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Speech-Language Pathology, Speech-Pathology & Audiology. Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on July 30, 2009). Includes bibliographical references.

Resumo: Na literatura discute-se a influência dos estímulos, sabor e temperatura, sobre a biomecânica da deglutição, tanto em indivíduos saudáveis como em indivíduos após comprometimentos neurológicos. Entretanto, existem algumas questões que merecem ser esclarecidas, assim como a ordem da oferta dos estímulos e se as mesmas influenciam a resposta faríngea de forma diferente. O presente estudo teve como objetivo geral verificar a influência da oferta dos estímulos, sabor azedo e temperatura fria, sobre o tempo de trânsito faríngeo (TTF) da deglutição em indivíduos pós-AVE. E objetivos específicos foram, correlacionar a influência da oferta dos estímulos, sobre o (TTF) da deglutição, com o lado da lesão cortical e com o grau da disfagia orofaríngea. Participaram desta pesquisa 60 indivíduos após acidente vascular encefálico isquêmico (AVEi), unilateral, 29 eram do gênero masculino e 31 do gênero feminino, com idades entre 41 e 88 anos (com média de 66,2 anos), o ictus variou de 0 a 50 dias (com mediana de 6 dias) e a disfagia orofaríngea de grau leve a moderado. Esses 60 indivíduos foram divididos em dois grupos (G1 e G2) com 30 indivíduos cada (15 indivíduos com lesão cortical a direita e 15 a esquerda). O grupo 1 (G1) recebeu a oferta dos estímulos de maneira não aleatória e o grupo 2 (G2) recebeu a ordem da oferta dos estímulos de maneira aleatória. Para analisar o tempo de trânsito faríngeo (TTF) da deglutição foi realizado o exame de videofluoroscopia da deglutição. Foram oferecidos quatro estímulos diferentes, os indivíduos do G1 receberam na ordem não aleatória (natural, gelado, azedo e azedo gelado) e os indivíduos do G2 de maneira aleatória. Posteriormente as imagens foram digitalizadas e foi realizada através de software a medição do TTF. Os indivíduos do G1 apresentaram TTF menor com estímulo azedo gelado e com diferença... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The influence of stimuli, taste and temperature, on the swallowing biomechanics has been investigated in the scientific community, in both health individuals and in after neurological disease individuals. However, there are some questions that could be better explained, as well as, the sequence of offered stimuli and if they influence the pharyngeal response in different way. The present study had as general proposes to verify the influence of the sequence of stimuli, sour taste and cold temperature, on deglutition pharyngeal transit time in individuals after stroke. And specific objectives, were correlate the influence of stimuli sequence, on swallowing pharyngeal transit time, with the cortical lesion side and with the oropharyngeal dysphagia degree. Participated this research 60 individuals after isquemic stroke, unilateral, 29 males and 31 females, aged from 41 to 88 years (mean age of 66,2 years), ictus from 0 to 50 days (median of 6 days) and oropharyngeal dysphagia from mild to moderate. These 60 individuals were divided in two groups (G1 and G2) with 30 individuals each (15 individuals with right cortical lesion and 15 left). The Group 1 (G1) received nonrandomized sequences of stimuli and Group 2 (G2) received randomized sequence of stimuli. To analyze the deglutition pharyngeal transit time it was realized the videofluoroscopic deglutition exam. It was offered four different stimuli, the G1 received nonrandomized sequences of stimuli (natural, cold, sour and sour cold) and the G2 randomized sequence. Afterward the images were digitalized and specific software was used to measure the pharyngeal transit time. The G1 individuals presented shorter pharyngeal transit time with sour cold stimulus and with statistical difference than other stimuli. The G2 individuals do not presented statistical difference in pharyngeal transit time among stimuli. There was statistical... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Maria Aparecida Coelho de Arruda Henry / Coorientador: Arthur Oscar Schelp / Coorientador: Roberta Gonçalves da Silva / Banca: Celia Maria Giacheti / Banca: Jair Cortez Montovani / Banca: Giedre Berretin Felix / Banca: Roberto Oliveira Dantas / Doutor

Videonasendoscopy and videofluoroscopy are two instruments used by craniofacial teams for assessing velopharyngeal function. Various methods have been proposed throughout the literature for collecting and reporting data from these two types of imaging studies. The purpose of this investigation is to survey craniofacial teams regarding current use of videonasendoscopy and videofluoroscopy in the clinical setting. The results show the videonasendoscopy is more frequently used than videofluoroscopy and that estimations are a more common data collection/reporting method than objective measurements. The data also show that a wide variety of methods are currently in use and only a small number of teams use the standardizing method proposed by the international working group (Golding-Kushner, et al., 1990).

No description available.

The works contained in this dissertation were motivated by a desire to better understand the variability of patient performance on videofluoroscopic assessments of swallowing. Specifically, the variation present in kinematic and temporal measures of swallowing was investigated in three main phases: narrative literature review, healthy swallowing, and disordered swallowing. The primary goals were to identify which factors explain (or do not explain) variation, to develop methods to control for variation and to investigate the association between swallowing physiology and swallowing impairment. The literature reviews revealed wide ranges of variation for kinematic (Chapter 2) and temporal (Chapter 3) measures of swallowing in the existing literature on healthy deglutition. The kinematics (Chapter 4) and timing (Chapter 5) of swallowing were investigated in a prospectively collected sample of young healthy participants stratified by height. One main objective was to investigate the impact of participant size on physiological parameters of swallowing. Finally, kinematic and temporal measures of swallowing were investigated in a sample of patients referred for swallowing assessment (Chapter 6) to explore associations between swallowing physiology and impairment. The findings of this dissertation make several unique contributions to the dysphagia literature. It has demonstrated that inherent variation appears to exist in physiological measures of both healthy and disordered swallowing. Further, when certain sources of variation are controlled (such as participant size), men and women do not demonstrate significant differences for any of the parameters tested. Importantly, this work has demonstrated that participant size impacts the expected extent of hyoid excursion and that this variation can be controlled through normalization of hyoid movement to internal anatomical scalars. Two temporal variables trended toward detecting functional swallowing impairment. Finally, this dissertation provides the first set of normative reference values for parameters of swallowing with an ultra-thin liquid barium. Limitations are acknowledged and future work is suggested.