Little is known about the adaptive significance of vigilance behavior in grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) in east-central Indiana. Moreover, vigilance behavior in squirrels often differs among habitat types. In this study my objective was to determine if vigilance behavior in grey squirrels differs between areas of low and high levels of human activity.Information on vigilance behavior was collected during 855 times of 10second observation periods. Vigilant behavior was recorded each time a squi`6l stopped what it was doing and became vigilant (i.e., looked about its surrounding) during an observation period. Vigilance was monitored in two areas that differ in the amount of activity (high disturbance area) and the other area received little human activity (low disturbance area) In the wood and open area.Vigilant behavior was recorded from two distance categories (0 - 5, and > 5 meters) with respect to distance the squirrel appeared from the nearest tree or closest squirrel.Vigilance behavior in grey squirrels did not differ between a high disturbance area and a low disturbance area. The data suggested that the role of vigilance in grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) is functioning for predator avoidance and to identification of potential competitors. There was no special pattern variation of vigilance behavior between the different habitats investigated. There was no difference of squirrel vigilance behavior between disturbed and undisturbed wood but there was significant difference of vigilant behavior in disturbed open area and in undisturbed open area. / Department of Biology

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Canterbury, 2008. / Typescript (photocopy). "January, 2008." Includes bibliographical references (p. 153-172). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, 1967. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1964 D63 / Master of Science

The objective of this study was to determine if eye and head based psychophysiological cues can be used to maintain screener vigilance levels during long duration tasks. In two parts, this study first explored which cues are predictive of vigilance levels. The second part of the study developed a vigilance feedback system using the cues established in part one and compared the results of subjects using the feedback system with those subjects having received no feedback or those who received random feedback.In part one, 48 participants reviewed 600 simulated x-rays to determine if any hazardous items (guns or knives) were present. Individual vigilance levels were determined by scoring the number of correct detections during eight 5-minute periods (total study length = 40 minutes). Using an eye-tracking machine, four concurrent eye and head activity measures (blinks, saccades, pupil diameter, and head position) were used to model changes in vigilance level throughout a simulated baggage screening task. At the end of the study, changes in blink and saccade rates proved to be significant predictors of an individual's ability to detect the presence of these hazardous items among other non-significant baggage items.Part two required 126 participants equally distributed across three conditions to repeat the same screening task. For one condition the monitoring system, instead of passively recording the individual's cues, provided near real-time feedback of vigilance levels to a condition. Participants in other conditions received random feedback on their vigilance levels while a third group received no feedback. At the conclusion of the study the subjects who received the real-time feedback performed significantly better than those who received no feedback. However, they did not perform better than the subjects who received random feedback. Perhaps more significantly, the subjects who received random feedback, while performing better than the no feedback group, also experienced a significantly higher number of false detects.The results of this study indicate a vigilance feedback system based upon subject psychophysiological cues may be an effective method to maintain attention levels during long duration vigilance tasks while preventing a corresponding increase in error detection rates.

Historicamente, o Sistema de Informações de Doenças de Notificação Compulsória tem sido o principal instrumento da Vigilância Epidemiológica. As doenças que vêm compondo este Sistema têm sido aquelas que podem colocar em risco a saúde das coletividades e, tradicionalmente, vem se restringindo às doenças transmissíveis, ainda que no Guia vigente estejam incorporados outros agravos e algumas doenças crônico-degenerativas, como câncer e diabetes. As subnotificações se constituem em uma das principais dificuldades para a Vigilância Epidemiológica, com causas variadas que apontam sobretudo para a forma de organização dos serviços de saúde. A discussão e implantação de novos modelos assistenciais podem contribuir para esta problemática, à medida que atenderem à proposta de transformação dos atuais sistemas de atenção a doenças, num sistema de vigilância da saúde, conseqüentemente de atenção a vida. A rede básica de saúde, como o local que se constitui na principal porta do sistema de saúde, onde se destaca de forma crescente, não só a prestação de assistência médica, mas sua organização em modalidade de pronto- atendimento, se constitui também no local de atendimento das doenças de notificação compulsória. Assim, para a realização deste estudo, elegemos o trabalho na Unidade Básica de Saúde, buscando analisar como se conforma a prática da Vigilância Epidemiológica na Unidade Básica de Saúde no contexto do SUS, segundo o entendimento dos trabalhadores do nível local. Foram escolhidas cinco Unidades Básicas de Saúde, segundo o critério de produção de atendimentos e foram utilizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas para apreensão do objeto de estudo junto aos trabalhadores escolhidos por sorteio, sendo um médico, um enfermeiro, um trabalhador do nível médio e o gerente de cada local de estudo escolhido, totalizando 20 sujeitos. Não houve agrupamento por categoria profissional. Os resultados evidenciaram dois significados para a prática da vigilância epidemiológica: controlar e prevenir, das doenças e agravos infecciosos, e a compreensão como uma prática de assistir e vigiar, quando a identifica como uma prática necessária aos serviços de saúde, que possibilita um outro modo de agir em saúde, contribuindo para a integralidade da atenção preconizada pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e implicando numa mudança na forma de organização da atenção à saúde. Apontamos para a implementação da descentralização das ações de vigilância epidemiológica para o nível local, como perspectiva desse novo modo de agir em saúde, pautado num permanente “vigiar", para articular ações promocionais, preventivas e curativas, redefinindo o processo de trabalho em saúde. / Historically, the Information System of Compulsory Notification Diseases has been the main instrument of Epidemiological Surveillance. The diseases that are part of this system have been those that can cause risk to the collective health and, traditionally, are restricted to the transmissible diseases, even though that in the present Guide other circumstances and some chronic degenerative diseases such as cancer and diabetes are incorporated. The sub notifications are one of the main difficulties faced by Epidemiological Surveillance, with varied causes that especially indicate the organization of health services. The discussion and implementation of new care models can contribute to overcome this problem, while adopting the proposal of transforming the present health care system to a system of Health Surveillance, and consequently a system of life care. The Basic Health Network is the place that represents the main access to the health system and where is growing the emphasis not only on medical care but also on its organization as emergency care. Therefore, the Network is the place of care and compulsory notification of diseases as well. Thus, this study was developed in Basic Health Units. The purpose of this work is to analyze how the practice of Epidemiological Surveillance, in Basic Health Units, is performed according to the understanding of local workers. Five Basic Health Units were chosen in the Municipal Health System of the city of Ribeirão Preto, considering the criterion of care production. To achieve this goal, the author used semi-structured interviews conducted with the workers, such as a doctor, a nurse, a nursing assistant and a manager chosen at random in every place of the study, totalizing 20 subjects. They were not divided in professional categories. Results evidenced two meanings to the practice of Epidemiological Surveillance: to control and to prevent, when surveillance is understood as a restricted action to control infectious diseases; and the understanding of care and vigilance, when they are identified as necessary practices to health services, contributing to an integral care, as it is recommended by the Unified Health System in Brazil (SUS), implying a change in the organization of health care. The author recommended the decentralization of the epidemiological Surveillance actions in a local space, as a perspective for that new way of acting in health, guided by a permanent “vigilance" and the communication of promotion, prevention and curative actions, redefining the health work process.

Wong Ngai Ying. / Chinese title in romanization: Zi wo jian cha you qiang hua zuo yong dui jie nan biao xian di ying xiang. / Thesis (M.A.Ed.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1987. / Bibliography: leaves 89-99.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2003. / Dissertation supervisor: Michael Zyda. Includes bibliographical references (p. 187-192). Also available online.

Although the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) is commonly used in adult sleep research, normative data for PVT performance in children have not been published and performance in children with sleep disordered breathing (SDB) has not been explored. This report describes PVT performance among children participating in the Tucson Children's Assessment of Sleep Apnea (TuCASA). A community-based sample of 360 Caucasian and Hispanic children completed a standard PVT trial. Participants were 48% female and 36% Hispanic; mean age was 8.9 years. Children with respiratory disturbance index (RDI) >1 event/hour and those with parent-reported sleep problems were excluded from the normative analysis. Among normal sleepers, performance on several measures improved with increasing age and differed between boys and girls. No ethnic differences were detected. Among children with SDB, no differences in performance were identified. Age and gender differences in PVT performance must be considered when the PVT is utilized in pediatric populations.