SUMMARY: This thesis presents the possibilities and benefits of the use of anchoring vignettes method in educational science, in connection with information and communication technologies (ICT). It is the first ever use of the anchoring vignettes method in this field. In its theoretical part, the thesis introduces the works of other authors in which research was done with the use of self- assessment questions. It also shows the research using the anchoring vignettes method, and research in which this methodology was used in educational science. The practical part presents the results of the author's own survey, which shows the diversity of self-assessment of ICT knowledge and skills of Year 1 and 2 students at secondary schools. The thesis proves distinctive subjectivity in students' self-assessment, different usage of the scale by respondents and the purposefullness of using the anchoring vignettes method in this field. First and foremost, it shows an entirely different self-assessment of students of different study programmes, genders etc. before and after the correction using the anchoring vignettes method.

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The purpose of this autoethnographic narrative inquiry was for the researcher to describe and explain how he discovered, constructed, and refined his sense of moral purpose as a principal during his seven-year tenure at Orange Pines Middle School. He inductively analyzed and reflected primarily on self-authored texts tied to critical professional ethical dilemmas so as to discover emergent themes, patterns, insights, and epiphanies in the development of his persona as a morally directed school leader. He then analyzed and reflected on how he applied those defined values in interactions with groups of teachers to design and implement elements of school reform. He re-created these critical events through descriptive vignettes in which he captured personal and social implications of the experiences using Clandinin and Connelly's model of three-dimensional narrative space. In this study the researcher probed especially problematic ethical dilemmas he experienced while working as principal. He viewed the events through the multidimensional ethical frameworks of care, critique and justice of Starratt; the ethic of community described by Furman; and the ethic of the profession, posited by Shapiro and Stefkovich. Included is a discussion of moral purpose by Fullan and Sergiovanni, ethics by Begley, Senge, and others, leadership theories, and perspectives regarding interpersonal conflicts between principals and their staff. The researcher found the ethics of care, justice, critique, community, and the profession provided a useful framework for his professional reflections. He was able to describe and capture the tensions within the dilemmas through the specific language utilized by Starratt, Furman, and Shapiro and Stefkovich to analyze and understand the issues packed within each dilemma. Through the application of these frameworks he determined that his moral purpose has been to approach the position of school leadership with a combination of compassion and justice, in order to establish a collaborative and synergistic school community that works for the greater good of students. The study calls for more autoethnographic research into the dilemmas administrators teachers face in their daily practice, arguing that the best way to improve public education in this era of intense scrutiny and accountability is through the qualitative analysis of individual cases. The author places his particular constructivist approach to autoethnographic narrative inquiry within the broader philosophical background of qualitative research. This study contributes to the literature by showing focused insights into how representative ethical conflicts and dilemmas school leaders face during their daily practice can shape and guide their moral pursuit of effective school reform. It also shows ways that theoretical knowledge can inform professional practice.

Despite predictions of Internet shopping reaching 6.9 trillion dollars by the end of 2004, research is now suggesting many online consumers are still very reluctant to complete the online shopping process. A number of authors have attributed consumers' reluctance to purchase online to apparent barriers, however, such barriers have not been fully examined within a theoretical context. While most studies of consumers' decision to shop on the Internet have focussed on key shopping determinants, this thesis builds a conceptual model grounded in consumer behaviour theory. In particular, this thesis explores the application of the perceived risk theoretical framework, specifically looking at one dimension of perceived risk theory - performance risk and the influence it has on the phenomenon of Internet Abandoned Cart Syndrome (ACS). To explore this phenomenon, a number of extrinsic cues are identified as playing a major role in the performance evaluation process of online purchases. The combination of these elements enabled the researcher to develop a conceptual model from which a series of propositions were drawn. To acquire pertinent data and investigate each proposition, this study used a combination of indirect and direct techniques, namely projective techniques in the form of a third-person vignette, a structured tick-box questionnaire and finally semi-structured interviews. The results suggest that collectively the extrinsic cues of brand, reputation, design and price have an overall impact on the performance evaluation process just prior to an online purchase. Varying these cues either positively or negatively had a strong impact on performance evaluation. The conclusion of this study suggests consumers are often unable to measure the full extent of risk-taking directly. In the majority of cases, consumers are guided by numerous factors, some intrinsic, others extrinsic. E-tailers with an established reputation, a well designed web site with known brands and a balanced pricing strategy reduce the perceived performance risks associated with purchasing online, thus reducing the occurrence of ACS.

Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Technology: Design in the Faculty of Informatics and Design at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012 / The aim of the research is to explore design education and designing as social practice; working with and for others to inform a more sustainable and meaningful future. Ways in which the lived experience of participants in the discipline of design, in the culturally diverse university and community contexts can be harnessed for social benefit, are interrogated. Themes are explored around the value of different world views and forms of knowing in design education to inform design research, in order to extend the knowledge paradigm to include lived experience not only as site of knowledge formation, but also of wisdom acquisition. The thesis presents an amalgamation of professional practice, creative practice and narrative set in qualitative research methods appropriate to the designer and artist who desire to work with lived experience in the academic context. Lived experience informs all we do and each educational event and encounter ought to be appraised and responded to in a contextually sensitive way. An important aspect flowing from this amalgamation is the recognition and analysis of the coexisting relationships of the roles inhering in the educator and the student. In order to immerse oneself in research and teaching, all aspects of the process have to be lived and filtered through the senses. This implies resisting abstractions by grounding research, teaching, design and making in the experience of the moment. The original contribution of this research then, is the synthesis of design, art and narrative writing that accompanied in a parallel line, the academic writing process to culminate in this design folio — a testament to grounding the research project in practice. Pedagogical approaches and lived experience embodied as recontextualised expressions in design teaching, supervision and creative practice, are presented in the folio. The boundaries of qualitative methods were tested with narrative and life writing, autoethnography, poetry, studio observations, extensive journalling, drawing, photography and printmaking processes. The results showed that a phenomenology of the senses in creative work, and locating the designer in her or his biography, is where original and imaginative design resides. Social and cultural aspects are some of the foundation stones of design education and ought to be informants of the creative process until the finish. Furthermore, authentic openness is required in supervision and teaching to facilitate deep listening, interpretation, intuition and “in-seeing” in educational encounters. Finally, being an active creative practitioner in design teaching is as important if not more important than content knowledge in that discipline, since the active practitioner “becomes” the Other through the collective dimension of design work.

The aim of this thesis was to ascertain the self-assessment of university students with various specializations, in their knowledge of information and communication technology (ICT). The theoretical part concerns with self-assessment as concept and methods pertaining to its verification. It also contains a detailed description of the anchoring vignettes method with its application in specific areas. Also discussed is the Overclaiming Technique. An evaluation has been conducted in the empirical part, which elaborates on self-assessment of ICT terms of various groups of students. Anchoring vignettes method is used in order to amend said self-assessment. Aforementioned part of the thesis also contains the use of overclaiming technique in practise, which is demonstrated on a specifically devised questionnaire. In this questionnaire, the students were asked to evaluate their level of understanding both existing and non-existing terms from the ICT area. The results have shown that there are significant differences between the questioned groups of students. The numbers indicate that students of ICT have a greater tendency to exaggerate the level of their knowledge in the area of information and communication technologies. Much more so than students who specialize in different subject.

The thesis focuses on quasi-experimental research design using descriptions of hypothetical situations (vignettes) with varying dimensions and their levels. The thesis is divided into three parts. First one is devoted to the presentation of the FSA. Second (methodologic) part describes the circumstances of the research conducted within the thesis. It is focused on comparison of FSA and traditional polling method, represented by itemized battery. Topic, through which the comparison is made, is crime, respectively punitiveness. The research also focuses on the comparison of classical and projective methods of questioning. The questionnaire survey method CAWI used split- ballot experiment - a sample of 505 respondents was divided into two parts. One half was interviewed with the vignette and subsequent itemized battery focused on mitigating / aggravating circumstances in the ordinary form (first person) of polling, the second part received a projective form (third person) of the questionnaire. The conclusions of the research are focused both on identifying the mitigating and aggravating circumstances using different methods of inquiry and their comparison, and on a combination of FSA and itemized battery in analysis and detection of inconsistent (and potentially socially desirable) topics. From the...

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Les activités de développement professionnel sont essentielles pour amener les enseignants à développer ou consolider certaines compétences (Desmeules et al., 2017; Ministère de l'Éducation du Québec [MEQ], 2020; Mukamurera et al., 2013). Il est important d'évaluer leurs retombées sur les apprentissages et plus spécifiquement de vérifier si ceux-ci se transposent en emploi. Le transfert des apprentissages faits dans le cadre d'une formation est cependant rarement mesuré. Lorsqu'il l'est, c'est notamment au moyen d'instruments autorapportés, susceptibles de présenter certaines limites (p.ex. désirabilité sociale) (Desimone, 2009; Schoeb et al., 2021b). Différents auteurs (p.ex. Desimone, 2009; Gold et Holodynski, 2015) soulèvent le potentiel d'un outil situationnel, contextualisé à l'emploi, pour évaluer le transfert des apprentissages. Le test de jugement situationnel (TJS) est un instrument d'évaluation composé de mises en situation pour lesquelles le répondant doit généralement identifier le comportement qu'il adopterait parmi une liste préétablie. Reflétant des situations liées à l'emploi et possédant des qualités psychométriques intéressantes, le TJS semble un outil prometteur pour mesurer le transfert (Fritzsche et al., 2006; Gold et Holodynski, 2015). La présente recherche porte sur le développement d'un TJS pour mesurer le transfert des apprentissages d'enseignants au secondaire qui ont suivi de la formation en gestion de classe. Elle vise également à recueillir différents indices de validité afin de vérifier les qualités du TJS pour répondre à un tel objectif. Pour ce faire, plusieurs étapes ont été suivies selon les recommandations présentées dans la littérature scientifique portant sur le développement des TJS (p.ex. Lievens et al., 2008; Lothe et al., 2012; Weekley et al., 2006). D'abord, des entretiens semi-dirigés ont été menés auprès de 23 enseignants au secondaire afin de recueillir des exemples de situations de gestion de classe. Cela a permis de rédiger plusieurs vignettes présentant différentes catégories de comportements dérangeants chez les élèves. Ensuite, des experts en gestion de classe (p.ex. enseignants, conseillers pédagogiques) ont présenté, lors d'entretiens semi-dirigés, des comportements de différents niveaux d'efficacité pouvant être adoptés par l'enseignant pour répondre à chacune des situations. Ces réponses ont été analysées, puis, en collaboration avec des experts en gestion de classe, une clé de correction a été développée permettant d'identifier, pour chacune des vignettes, le comportement qu'adopterait la majorité des experts. À travers ce processus d'élaboration, différents prétests ont permis de vérifier la clarté et la pertinence des vignettes, notamment. D'autres indices appuyant la validité de contenu du TJS ont été obtenus. Ces différentes étapes ont ainsi permis de développer un TJS comportant 23 vignettes. Une première étude réalisée auprès de 71 enseignants au secondaire permet de vérifier les qualités psychométriques du TJS. Plus spécifiquement, les indices de difficulté et de discrimination ont permis de vérifier la qualité des vignettes et de retirer celles problématiques. Cette étape a mené au retrait de sept vignettes, menant ainsi à une version du TJS à 16 vignettes avec un cœfficient de consistance interne (alpha de Cronbach standardisé) de α = 0,61. Une deuxième étude réalisée auprès de 78 enseignants au secondaire ayant suivi une formation en gestion de classe dans les cinq dernières années permet de vérifier le lien entre le résultat au TJS et d'autres variables associées. Les résultats permettent de constater des liens positifs, significatifs et modérés entre le résultat au TJS et le résultat à des mesures visant à évaluer des conditions déterminantes du transfert des apprentissages (Blume et al., 2010; Grossman et Salas, 2011), soit l'utilité perçue de la formation et le sentiment d'efficacité personnelle (SEP). Le TJS entretient également un lien positif et significatif avec le transfert mesuré au moyen de l'« *Échelle multidimensionnelle du transfert des apprentissages* » (ÉMTA). Cependant, aucun lien significatif n'est obtenu entre le résultat au TJS et le résultat à la mesure de soutien de la direction ainsi qu'avec le transfert mesuré au moyen d'un item unique. La discussion présente une réflexion sur les apports de la démarche d'élaboration et de validation du TJS pour la littérature scientifique sur le transfert, le développement professionnel des enseignants et, finalement sur celle portant sur le TJS. Ce dernier chapitre aborde également des implications pratiques de la présente recherche, suggérant différentes utilisations du TJS à différents moments de la formation, soit avant, pendant et après. / Professional development activities are essential to help teachers develop or consolidate certain skills (Desmeules and al., 2017; ministère de l'Éducation du Québec, 2020; Mukamurera and al., 2013). It is important to assess their impact on learning and more specifically to examine whether such activities translate into the job context. However, the transfer of learning is rarely measured. When it is, it is usually through self-report instruments, which are likely to have certain limitations (e.g., social desirability) (Desimone, 2009; Schoeb and al., 2021b). Some authors (e.g., Desimone, 2009; Gold and Holodynski, 2015) raised the potential of using a situational tool, contextualized to the job, to assess the transfer of learning. The Situational Judgment Test (SJT) is an assessment instrument composed of scenarios for which the respondent must generally identify the behavior he would adopt from a pre-established list. Reflecting work-related situations and possessing interesting internal psychometric qualities, its potential as a measure of transfer should be explored (Fritzsche and al., 2006; Gold and Golodynski, 2015). This research proposes to develop a SJT to measure the transfer of learning from secondary school teachers who followed some training in classroom management. It also proposes to collect different validity evidence in order to verify the qualities of the SJT. To do this, several steps were followed in accordance with the recommendations presented in the scientific literature on the development of SJTs (e.g. Lievens and al., 2008; Lothe and al., 2012; Weekley and al., 2006). First, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 secondary school teachers to collect examples of classroom management issues. This lead to the development of several vignettes describing different categories of disturbing behavior among students. Then, experts in classroom management (e.g., teachers, pedagogical advisers) provided, during semi-structured interviews, examples of behaviors of different levels of effectiveness to respond to each situation. These responses were analyzed and, in collaboration with classroom management experts, lead to a correction keybased on the behavior that a majority of experts would adopt, for each of the vignettes. Various pre-tests were conducted to assess the clarity and relevance of the vignettes and to gather other evidence supporting the content validity of the SJT. These different steps have lead to a TJS comprising 23 vignettes. A first study conducted with 71 secondary school teachers makes it possible to verify internal psychometric qualities of the SJT. Difficulty and discrimination indices were used to assess the quality of the vignettes and remove problematic ones. This step led to the removal of seven vignettes, for a final SJT version of 16 vignettes, with an internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach's alpha) of α = 0.61. A second study conducted with school teachers who have followed a training in classroom management in the last five years allow to verify the links between the SJT results and other associated variables. The results show positive, significant, and moderate relations between the SJT scores and indicators of transfer of learning (Blume and al., 2010; Grossman and Salas, 2011), namely perceived usefulness of the training and self-efficacy (SEP). The SJT is also significantly related to transfer as measured by the « *Multidimensional Scale of the Transfer of Learning* » (EMTA). However, no significant relationship was observed between the SJT results and the score on the management support measure nor with transfer as measured by means of a single item. The discussion proposes a reflection on the contribution of the approach of development and validation of the SJT for the scientific literature on the transfer, the professional development of the teachers and, finally on that relating to the SJT. This last chapter also discusses the practical implications of the present research, thus suggesting different possible uses of the SJT at different times of training: before, during and after.