Implicit theories play an important role in the structure and maintenance of people’s sense of meaning, and violations to one’s theory can create significant distress. Using electroencephalography (EEG), this study examined the neural correlates of implicit theory violation. Participants were primed with one of two implicit theories of success attainment and were then shown a series of words that either confirmed or violated that theory. Analyses revealed that compared to implicit theory confirmations, implicit theory violations produced greater N400 amplitudes, which is a brain wave associated with “semantic violations,” or violations of meaning. Current literature on the N400 has been limited to language-specific semantic violations. Therefore, these results represent a novel extension of the N400 to include violations of complex lay theories of human behavior. Furthermore, these data suggest that implicit theories represent a fundamental type of semantic knowledge that helps perceivers to generate predictions about the social world.

Recruiting talented student-athletes is integral to the success of an athletics program. Yet, some universities and individuals therein have been willing to violate National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) recruiting regulations to lure talented athletes to play at their institution. Institutional and isomorphic pressures of discouraging unethical recruiting behavior and practice rely heavily upon the rationalization and institutionalizing of social phenomena through written policy in NCAA Bylaw 13. These policies may be identified as cartel agreements, where a group creates rules to control actions that assure economic profit. Although recruiting top talent may lead to increased victories and revenues, most NCAA athletic departments do not make a profit and being sanctioned for violating NCAA recruiting rules may lead to damaged institutional reputation. In response, universities have invested resources to protect institutional prestige through a comprehensive NCAA rules compliance program. Nevertheless, undisclosed recruiting violations transpire because there are financial incentives to violate NCAA rules. Three separate works were utilized to examine the economic, institutional, and individual factors of NCAA institutional control. First, institutional factors of reported NCAA recruiting violations were analyzed through a series of chi-square tests. Correlative institutional factors were found in particular types of Bylaw 13 violations including conference affiliation, geographic region, sports involved in a major infraction, and size of full-time athletic compliance staff when the violation occurred. Second, hierarchical loglinear regression was used to analyze the results from a survey of 7,200 current student-athletes regarding undisclosed recruiting violations. Various violation types of Bylaw 13 correlatively involved institutions from Bowl Championship Series (BCS) conferences, based on geographic regions, revenue sports, and individual factors of race, sex, and income level. Third, a qualitative instrumental case study examined the economic, administrative, and individual relationships regarding NCAA institutional control of athletics recruiting at a perceivably compliant Division I (FBS), BCS conference-affiliated institution. Findings from this study suggested that the systemic pressure to win championships and maintain institutional control become difficult to balance with the added pressure of high stakes recruiting that can influence the financial stability of an athletic department. The conclusion of this work will assess systemic alternatives regarding NCAA recruiting violations and propose legal remedies to curtail future recruiting violations.

Abstract While Psychological contract has actively been studying in Europe and America, our scholars in Taiwan still pay less attention to this area. For an objective view and study on the response of the Psychological contract that has been violated, a particular selected group of Physicians, who are not readily affected by the threat of unemployment like others¡¦ occupation, are set to be this research object; this could truly represent when an employee believes that the organization has failed to fulfill one or more of those obligations and the feeling of degree of practice. This article is based on the viewpoint of an employee to study the violation of the Psychological contract. It discovers that the organizational justice would affect the degree of violation in the Psychological contract, and this research has been applied different ways of study on motivations such as financial, non-financial, salary and promotion. Research discloses that the financial motivation emphasizes on distributive justice, non-financial motivation focuses more on the procedural justice. The higher recognition of the salary distributive and procedural justice, the less violation of the Psychological contract; the higher recognition of the promotion distributive and procedural justice, the less violation of the Psychological contract. Research study is divided into two methodologies: qualitative and quantitative. The former study is to infer the theory of western justice and to see if Taiwan is appropriate for evidence and the relationship between the developing of the affirmative research variables; the first step is to proceed with qualitative research by doing literature collection and interviewing with 8 different cases where the chosen objects are complied with the basis of this research. The latter study is to apply the well-established quantitative chart edited according to this research demand and the objects¡¦ characteristics, and it also proceeds further with the professional effectiveness analysis. From the literature survey and personal interviews, it is discovered that the appearance of the self-esteem within the characteristics of personality would influence the degree of the violation in the Psychological contract. Hence, during the proof of quantitative way, the self-esteem is set to be the interference of violation degree variable in the Psychological contract. Research result indicates that the interaction between the self-esteem and the promotion distributive justice will affect the violation of promotion Psychological contract. During the period of the quantitative survey which coincided with the widespread of SARS, Taiwan was first encountered the serious impact of SARS incidents and the surveyed physicians were positioned themselves at the frontline and their stress and the additional workloads were never happened before. This incident was unexpected whatsoever in this research plan and it was certainly an obstacle and caused extreme difficulty during all the samples collection. Keywords: psychological contract violation, salary, promotion, organizational justice.

The motivation of this thesis is to look for a signature of Lorentz violation, hopefully observable, in the gravitational waves emitted by cosmic strings. Aspects of cosmic strings are reviewed, in particular how focused bursts of gravitational radiation are emitted when a cusp forms on the string. The same phenomenon is then studied in an effective field theory with Lorentz violation called Einstein-aether theory. This is a simple theory with a dynamic preferred frame, but it retains rotational and diffeomorphism invariance. The linearized version of the theory produces five wave modes. We study the usual transverse traceless modes which now have a wave speed that can be lower or greater than the speed of light. This altered speed produces distinctive features in the waves. They depend on two free parameters: roughly the wave speed and the acceleration of the string cusp. The profile of the wave is analyzed in detail for different values of the parameters and explained by close comparison with the string motion.

Schema violation has been shown to have an impact on cognition. Previous research using reading tasks has shown that the impact is not the same across male and female characters, and research has shown that men and women hold different view of schemas. The Implicit Association Test (IAT) has been used as a method to investigate schema violation, but no study has effectively investigated gender differences. Therefore, this study specifically investigates the factors of participant and character gender on schema violation during the IAT. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were used to investigate the cognitive impact of schema violation while participants completed gender and sexuality IATs. Significant effects were found for participant gender and character gender in several ERP components (N100, P200, N400, and LPP), but only for the gender-career IAT. This suggests that on a basic cognitive level ERP activity is influenced by gender.

The motivation of this thesis is to look for a signature of Lorentz violation, hopefully observable, in the gravitational waves emitted by cosmic strings. Aspects of cosmic strings are reviewed, in particular how focused bursts of gravitational radiation are emitted when a cusp forms on the string. The same phenomenon is then studied in an effective field theory with Lorentz violation called Einstein-aether theory. This is a simple theory with a dynamic preferred frame, but it retains rotational and diffeomorphism invariance. The linearized version of the theory produces five wave modes. We study the usual transverse traceless modes which now have a wave speed that can be lower or greater than the speed of light. This altered speed produces distinctive features in the waves. They depend on two free parameters: roughly the wave speed and the acceleration of the string cusp. The profile of the wave is analyzed in detail for different values of the parameters and explained by close comparison with the string motion.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. [89]-93).

O Modelo Padrão das partículas elementares descreve com sucesso as interações eletrofracas e fortes, mostrando-se consistente com os dados experimentais disponíveis. Entretanto, há diversas questões que não são respondidas pelo mesmo, entre elas, o problema da hierarquia de gauge e o problema associado à origem das massas dos férmions. Ambos podem ser solucionados de forma natural em teorias com uma dimensão extra curva. No entanto, essas teorias violam sabor em primeira ordem de teoria de perturbações e são não renormalizáveis. Nesta dissertação utilizamos técnicas de desconstrução dimensional para resolver os problemas da hierarquia de gauge e da hierarquia de massas dos férmions com mínima violação de sabor em um modelo puramente quadridimensional. / The Standard Model of elementary particles describes the electroweak and strong interactions, and its predictions have successfully matched existing experimental data. However, there are some issues that are not addressed by this model, such as the gauge hierarchy problem and the origin of fermion masses. Both problems can be solved naturally using Warped Extra Dimensions. On the other hand, these theories are flavor-violating in tree level and are non-renormalizable. In this dissertation we apply dimensional deconstruction techniques to solve the gauge hierarchy problem and the fermion masses hierarchy problem achieving minimal flavor violation in a purely four-dimensional model

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The motivation of this thesis is to look for a signature of Lorentz violation, hopefully observable, in the gravitational waves emitted by cosmic strings. Aspects of cosmic strings are reviewed, in particular how focused bursts of gravitational radiation are emitted when a cusp forms on the string. The same phenomenon is then studied in an effective field theory with Lorentz violation called Einstein-aether theory. This is a simple theory with a dynamic preferred frame, but it retains rotational and diffeomorphism invariance. The linearized version of the theory produces five wave modes. We study the usual transverse traceless modes which now have a wave speed that can be lower or greater than the speed of light. This altered speed produces distinctive features in the waves. They depend on two free parameters: roughly the wave speed and the acceleration of the string cusp. The profile of the wave is analyzed in detail for different values of the parameters and explained by close comparison with the string motion. / Science, Faculty of / Physics and Astronomy, Department of / Graduate