Liszt, the pianist well-known for his outstanding performing style, has led a trend of 19th century virtuoso style and created a phonomonon for piano world in the Romantic period. A great deal of his piano transcriptions have helped to promote many composers¡¦ works and also the development of modern piano manufacture to the new level. Those transcriptions have become the standard concert repertoire of modern virtuoso pianists. A large proportion of Liszt¡¦s piano transcriptions is Schubert Lieder transcriptions which were increasing brilliant style within the beauty and simplicity of Schubert¡¦s melody. The Müllerlieder is the last one of Schubert lieder transcriptions that Liszt composed in 1846. Through his superb compositional technique, this transcription conveys musical content of Schubert lieder successfully. Chapter one in this paper will introduce Liszt¡¦s compositional life of piano transcriptions, including the society background and different types of transcriptions. The connection between Liszt and Schubert lieder is also discussed in it. Chapter two includes the development of piano and the virtuoso style in the times of Liszt. The last chapter focuses on the research of Die Schöne Müller, comparing Schubert¡¦s original song edition and the transcription of Liszt and concentrates on analyzing Liszt¡¦s compositional technique in this piano transcription.

During the Nineteenth century, with the population of the public concert, many performers have started devoting themselves to the development of technique, expecting that could appeal to more audience. Under the influence of Paganini, virtuoso not only gets to the top, but also let the pianists devote themselves to develop technique on the keyboard, expecting that they can win brilliant results in the concert. Under such situation, studies have been published in a great amount. Gradually, composers and pianists try not to only make the music with virtuositic spirit but also with lyricalism within them. In addition to the introductions and conclusions, the research could be divided into three chapters. The first chapter, discussion of the musical background, includes the music environment during the nineteenth century, the mechanism improvement of the pianos, and the development of the concert etude. Chapter two is the analyses of the concert etude technique and characters. Famous composers, such as Chopin, Schumann and Liszt, their concert etudes will be discussed. Chapter three investigates the concert etudes of the other composers in terms of their nationalities-Germany, France, Russian, American, and Poland. Concert etudes that developed in the nineteenth century would be no longer the simple etudes for finger exercise, but the masterpieces with the inner intension. To pianists in late twenty century, these concert etudes should be not only methods for teaching but also essential in concert programs.

Binary multiplier has been a staple in the digital circuit design. It is used in microprocessor design, DSP applications etc. Here, we discuss the design of a novel multiplier that employs a modified shift and add logic to multiply two n-bit unsigned binary numbers. In our work, we changed the shift and add algorithm. We used a barrel shifter and a multiplexer to generate the partial products. We also found out a way to reduce the number of partial products so that we would have fewer numbers to add after we generated all of them. An array of Carry Save Adders (CSA) is used to add the partial products. With all our arrangements and setups, we aim to reduce delays and make the design as efficient as possible. As examples, we have shown it to multiply two 16-bit numbers, however, the design can easily be either scaled up or down according to the environment the multiplier is being used.

Violin virtuosos Henryk Wieniawski, Ole Bull, and Pablo de Sarasate each composed short virtuosic works based on their own cultural heritage. This thesis examines the exotic elements incorporated into the character pieces by the three violinists. It draws upon contemporary literature and newspaper reviews of their performances in order to demonstrate the ways in which the violinists and their music were perceived as representative of nineteenth-century exoticism. Wieniawski, whose musical training was primarily French, produced exotic Polish polonaises and mazurkas, which were perceived as evidence of Polish national character, but only in his homeland of Poland. In contrast, Ole Bull's Norwegian heritage was central to his professional persona. His compositions were influenced by Norwegian fiddling and fiddle tunes as well as the pastoral conventions of European art music. Sarasate drew on music from a wide variety of geographical and cultural regions within Spain in his Spanish dances. While his dances were extrememly popular with audiences, critical reception was often dismissive. The individual personas and international receptions of Wieniawski, Bull, and Sarasate were shaped by the musical characteristics of their homelands heard in their works.

Liszt was distinguished as the most important virtuoso in the Romantic period of music history, whose Weimar period between 1848 and 1861 was the time of Liszt¡¦s golden age of composition. The Mephisto Waltz No.1, finished in 1860, was based on the second episode The Dance in the Village Inn from Nikolaus Lenau¡¦s poem ¡§Faust.¡¨ Exercising the virtuosic elements and thematic transformation technique, Liszt combined both literature and musical ideas in the Mephisto Waltz No.1 successfully. This work remains one of the most popular works on today¡¦s piano recital repertoire ever since. This research consists of two parts. Part one discusses the characteristics of Liszt¡¦s compositions, with a focus on how Liszt¡¦s style was influenced by the nineteenth century virtuosity. Part two analyzes Mephisto Waltz No. 1 by exploring its historical background, formal structure, and the techniques of thematic transformation. The corresponding pianistic techniques are summarized from the various sources of scholarly suggestions as the conclusion of this analysis.

The aim of this thesis is to introduce the reader National Youth Orchestra of Slovakia, adaptation of world-famous musical-educational venezuelan project El Sistema.

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Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors are the most promising technology in quantum photon information. They offer high speed, high detection efficiency, low dark count rate as well as low timing jitter compared to other single photon detection solutions. Since the recent advances in photonic quantum computing, the drive for improvement of the implementation complexity, performance and scalability of quantum photon detection has increased. This presents challenges with the current device readout schemes and alternative solutions are required. One of the key parameters to improve the scalability of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors, is reducing the power dissipation per pixel. This is especially important in cryogenic readouts, where the performance of electronic components changes compared to room temperature. Moreover, the performance of a cryogenic superconducting nanowire single-photon detector readout is dependent both on the device and readout electronics level characteristics, and both must be fine-tuned for desired performance. A solution to the scalability of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) is the development of a readout scheme with minimized power dissipation. We propose a fully digital readout scheme interfaced with a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD), that allows photon detection and reset. For this purpose, a digital single-pixel SiGe Bi-CMOS readout is designed, simulated, and characterised. An improved readout scheme is proposed with an addition of a die resistor to allow a full reset of the detector. / Supraledande nanotrådsdetektorer baserade på enstaka fotoner är ett av de mest avancerade koncepten inom kvantfotoninformationsteknik. Syftet med att utveckla denna teknik är att förbättra egenskaper så som komplexiteten, prestandan och skalbarheten. En av de viktigaste parametrarna för att förbättra skalbarheten hos supraledande nanotrådsdetektorer med enstaka fotoner är att minska energiförbrukningen per pixel. Detta är särskilt viktigt i kryogena avläsningar, där prestandan hos elektroniska komponenter förändras jämfört med rumstemperatur. Dessutom, beror prestandan hos en kryogen supraledande nanotrådsdetektor både på komponenten och på avläsningselektroniken,och båda måste finjusteras för att uppnå önskad prestanda. En lösning på kalbarheten för supraledande nanotrådsdetektorer med enstaka fotoner (SNSPDs) är att realisera avläsning med minimerad effektförlust. Vi föreslår en helt digital avläsning som är kopplad till en supraledande enfoton nanotrådsdetektor (SNSPD), som gör det möjligt att detektera fotoner och att återställa detektorn efter avläsning. För detta ändamål, designades, simuleras och karakteriserades en digital avläsningkrets med en enda pixel. Ett förbättrat avläsningssystem föreslås genom att lägga till ett diskret motstånd för att möjliggöra en fullständig återställning av detektorn.

O regime da cidade virtuosa é o tema central dos escritos políticos de Alfrb÷ levando a uma ordem política cujos princípios são a realização da excelência humana ou da virtude, conduzindo à atividades úteis à aquisição da perfeição e da felicidade, pois o homem não se torna perfeito meramente pelos princípios naturais presentes nele e ele não é eternamente perfeito, mas precisa adquirir sua perfeição através da atividade que procede da compreensão racional, da deliberação e da escolha entre várias alternativas sugeridas pela razão. / The virtuous regime is the central theme of Alfrb÷s political writings and theres a political order whose guiding principles are the realization of human excellence or virtue, taking to activities useful to the achievement of perfection and happiness. Man is not rendered perfect merely through the natural principles present in him and he is not eternally perfect, but need to achieve his perfection through the activity proceeding from rational understanding, deliberation and choosing among the various alternatives suggested by reason.

Submitted by Alexandra Feitosa (alexandra.feitosa@ufpe.br) on 2017-08-08T13:36:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012dissertação-NelsonLuizMelloSilvaSantos.pdf: 3006839 bytes, checksum: 02823c84a3c00c503b45db396db80c60 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-08T13:36:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012dissertação-NelsonLuizMelloSilvaSantos.pdf: 3006839 bytes, checksum: 02823c84a3c00c503b45db396db80c60 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-17 / Objetiva-se delinear um modelo de governança local,identificado com um circulo virtuoso que contribua para o sucesso do Programa de Requalificação Urbanística e Inclusão Social da Comunidade do Pilar (RUISCP). Proposto e conduzido pela Prefeitura da Cidade do Recife (PCR), o referido Programa concentra-se em duas frentes de atuação: a construção do complexo habitacional,voltado para o reassentamento das famílias que habitam a Comunidade do Pilar;e a oferta de oportunidades de trabalho e renda, pelo fomento ao comércio popular e o desenvolvimento de competências empreendedoras,para gerar novos negócios. Neste sentido, busca promover,desde o incremento de atividades econômicas até a inclusão social dos moradores desse sítio histórico, sob o signo,tanto do desenvolvimento social como do desenvolvimento local. A problemática da governança local empreendedora,e da configuração de um circulo virtuoso, aplicadaao caso do RUISCP,foi abordada sob a ótica da Investigação Apreciativa, que enfatiza a busca do que há de melhor na organização, ou seja, aquilo que significa o seu núcleo positivo. No estudo em questão, a perspectiva apreciativa foi aplicada no contexto da intersetorialidade da gestão municipal, encarregada de obter resultados efetivos em um programa de cunho social e econômico. Os procedimentos metodológicos levaram em conta a mobilização dos atores governamentais da PCR,no processo de pesquisa-ação realizado, que reuniu seis Coordenadores das Secretarias Municipais,envolvidas com o RUISCP, que formaram o Grupo de Trabalho instituído pela Portaria nº. 385, de 21/02/11-PCR, além da participação de um representante do SEBRAE/PE. O ferramental básico utilizado foi extraído do ciclo apreciativo dos 5-Ds, assim constituído: 1-D Definition(Definição), 2-D Discovery(Descoberta); 3-D Dream(Sonho); 4-D Design(Delineamento/Planejamento); e 5-D Destiny(Destino), em cujo centro está a Escolha do Tópico Afirmativo, que funcionou como gerador de temas a serem aprofundados nas oficinas e nas atividades desenvolvidas,com cada um dos membros do grupo, incluindo a análise de documentos e relatórios produzidos ao longo do trabalho. A esquematização da intervenção enfatizou o Programa RUISCP e a Governança Local Empreendedora, da qual emergiram quatro ideias-guia: Inclusão Social, Modernização da Gestão, Habitalidade e Desenvolvimento do Potencial Empreendedor. Já o Tópico Afirmativo escolhido foi a Sustentabilidade do RUISCP. Como resultado dos mecanismos participativos, integrativos e decisórios empregados, destacam-se os seguintes pontos: a) a interação de agentes governamentais do RUISCP, norteada por ideias-guia,cujos conteúdos programáticos irão impulsionar a transformação da situação na qual a Comunidade do Pilar hoje se encontra; b) a proposta de criação de estrutura de suporte à sustentabilidade do RUISCP, com base nos núcleos temáticos discutidos no ciclo apreciativo eque deverão integrar projetos e planos de ação,a serem elaborados,de acordo com o marco político-institucional, gerencial e financeiro,posto à disposição dos agentes governamentais; e c) o processo de aprendizado experimentado por todos os envolvidos na gestão compartilhada do RUISCP, que juntos construíram os elementos-chave do Circulo Virtuoso da Governança Local. / It aims to outline a model of local governance identified with a virtuous cycle that contributes to the success of the Urban Renewal and Social Inclusion Community Pillar (RUISCP). Proposed and conducted by the City of Recife (PCR), this Program focuses on two fronts: the construction of housing complex targeted to the resettlement of families living in the Community Pillar and offer job opportunities and income by promoting trade and development of the popular entrepreneurial skills to generate new business. In this sense, seeks to promote increased activity from the economic to the social inclusion of residents of this historic site, under the sign of both social development and local development. The issue of local governance, entrepreneurship and setting up a virtuous cycle applied to the case of RUISCP was approached from the perspective of Appreciative Inquiry, which emphasizes the pursuit of what is best in the organization, ie, what it means to their positive core. In this study, the appreciative approach was applied in the context of inter-sector of the municipal administration, responsible for effective results in a program of social and economic development. The methodological procedures took into account the mobilization of governmental actors in the PCR process of action research carried out, which brought together six of the Municipal Coordinators involved with the RUISCP, which formed the Working Group established by Ordinance nº. 385, 21/02/11 -for PCR, and the participation of a representative of the SEBRAE/PE. The basic tool used was extracted cycle appreciative of 5-Ds, constituted as follows: 1-D Definition (Definition), 2-D Discovery (Discovery), 3-D Dream (Dream), 4-D Design (Design / Planning) , and 5-D Destiny (Destiny), whose center is Affirmative Topic Choice, which operated as a generator of issues to be further developed in workshops and activities developed with each member of the group, includinganalysis of documents and reports produced throughout the work. The layout of the intervention program emphasized RUISCP Local Governance and Entrepreneurship, from which emerged four guiding ideas: Social Inclusion Management Modernization, and Development Potential Habitalia Entrepreneur. But the choice was Affirmative Topic Sustainability RUISCP. As a result of participatory mechanisms, integrative and decision-making employees, we highlight the following points: a) the interaction of the RUISCP government officials, guided by ideas whose syllabus guide will lead the transformation of the situation in which the Community Pillar today finds b) the proposed creation of the support structure RUISCP Sustainability, based on core themes discussed in the cycleappreciative and should integrate projects and action plans to be prepared in accordance with the policy framework and institutional, managerial and financial made available to government agents, and c) the learning process experienced by all involved in the management of shared RUISCP, which together built the key element of the virtuous circle of Local Governance.