Thesis (Ph. D.)--York University, 2001. Graduate Programme in Political Science. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 444-465). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNQ67912.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 188 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 134-137).

Photographs contain a wealth of information which may be used effectively in historical research. Visual images may be used as evidence, for illustration, for comparison and contrast, and for analytical purposes. Somewhat perplexing is the relatively minimal use of photographs as primary sources in historical inquiry concerning schooling. Many visual clues exist which can help to explain the activities, methods, resources and quality of schooling, and the people involved in schooling, in selected locations. Visual clues may be coordinated with text and with other artifacts to present a more complete picture of schooling in a specific time and place than text alone can provide. Photographs provide opportunities to compare systems of schooling and to engage in longitudinal analysis of a single school system. They can be useful in helping to investigate elements of schooling that may have elevated selected school systems to exemplary levels. The presence of a large collection of educationally related photographs reveals opportunities for utilization which are not present with individual photographs or small groups of photographs. The potential uses of photographs as primary sources for inquiry are not limited to professional historians, but may be taught to, and used by students, as well. This study shows benefits and possibilities of utilizing photographic images as primary sources in historical research in education, and in teaching historical research methods, through the use of examples contained in the Albert W. Achterberg Collection of photographs. The collection was developed during the period of 1940-1999 over an 8,000 square mile area in south-central Nebraska and features a school system in the town of Holdrege, Nebraska.

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This dissertation presents a measurement of the W+b-jets \((pp → W + b(\bar{b}) + X)\) production cross-section in proton–proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV at the LHC. The results are based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of \(4.6 fb^{−1}\), collected with the ATLAS detector. The measurement probes the QCD sector of the Standard Model at high energy, in a region where b-quark mass and double parton scattering play an important role. In addition, the measurement is relevant for searches for physics beyond the Standard Model in final states with a W boson and b-jets. The measurement relies on the leptonic decay modes of the W, and on the iden- tification of b-jets. The backgrounds to the W+b-jets process are estimated using Monte Carlo simulation and data-driven techniques. Cross-sections, corrected for all known detector effects and quoted in a limited kinematic range, are presented as a function of jet multiplicity and of the transverse momentum of the leading b-jet for both the muon and electron decay modes of the W boson. / Physics

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Entanglement is one of the fundamental features of quantum information science. Though bipartite entanglement has been analyzed thoroughly in theory and shown to be an important resource in quantum computation and communication protocols, the theory of entanglement shared between more than two parties, which is called multipartite entanglement, is still not complete. Specifically, the classification of multipartite entanglement and the transformation property between different multipartite states by local operators and classical communications (LOCC) are two fundamental questions in the theory of multipartite entanglement. In this thesis, we present results related to the LOCC transformation between multipartite entangled states. Firstly, we investigate the bounds on the LOCC transformation probability between multipartite states, especially the GHZ class states. By analyzing the involvement of 3-tangle and other entanglement measures under weak two-outcome measurement, we derive explicit upper and lower bound on the transformation probability between GHZ class states. After that, we also analyze the transformation between N-party W type states, which is a special class of multipartite entangled states that has an explicit unique expression and a set of analytical entanglement monotones. We present a necessary and sufficient condition for a known upper bound of transformation probability between two N-party W type states to be achieved. We also further investigate a novel entanglement transformation protocol, the random distillation, which transforms multipartite entanglement into bipartite entanglement ii shared by a non-deterministic pair of parties. We find upper bounds for the random distillation protocol for general N-party W type states and find the condition for the upper bounds to be achieved. What is surprising is that the upper bounds correspond to entanglement monotones that can be increased by Separable Operators (SEP), which gives the first set of analytical entanglement monotones that can be increased by SEP. Finally, we investigate the idea of a new class of multipartite entangled states, the Absolutely Maximal Entangled (AME) states, which is characterized by the fact that any bipartition of the states would give a maximal entangled state between the two sets. The relationship between AME states and Quantum secret sharing (QSS) protocols is exhibited and the application of AME states in novel quantum communication protocols is also explored.

Entanglement is one of the fundamental features of quantum information science. Though bipartite entanglement has been analyzed thoroughly in theory and shown to be an important resource in quantum computation and communication protocols, the theory of entanglement shared between more than two parties, which is called multipartite entanglement, is still not complete. Specifically, the classification of multipartite entanglement and the transformation property between different multipartite states by local operators and classical communications (LOCC) are two fundamental questions in the theory of multipartite entanglement. In this thesis, we present results related to the LOCC transformation between multipartite entangled states. Firstly, we investigate the bounds on the LOCC transformation probability between multipartite states, especially the GHZ class states. By analyzing the involvement of 3-tangle and other entanglement measures under weak two-outcome measurement, we derive explicit upper and lower bound on the transformation probability between GHZ class states. After that, we also analyze the transformation between N-party W type states, which is a special class of multipartite entangled states that has an explicit unique expression and a set of analytical entanglement monotones. We present a necessary and sufficient condition for a known upper bound of transformation probability between two N-party W type states to be achieved. We also further investigate a novel entanglement transformation protocol, the random distillation, which transforms multipartite entanglement into bipartite entanglement ii shared by a non-deterministic pair of parties. We find upper bounds for the random distillation protocol for general N-party W type states and find the condition for the upper bounds to be achieved. What is surprising is that the upper bounds correspond to entanglement monotones that can be increased by Separable Operators (SEP), which gives the first set of analytical entanglement monotones that can be increased by SEP. Finally, we investigate the idea of a new class of multipartite entangled states, the Absolutely Maximal Entangled (AME) states, which is characterized by the fact that any bipartition of the states would give a maximal entangled state between the two sets. The relationship between AME states and Quantum secret sharing (QSS) protocols is exhibited and the application of AME states in novel quantum communication protocols is also explored.

Yeats was part of a late nineteenth-century European literary movement which, dissatisfied with Western tradition, both scientific and religious, looked towards the Orient for enlightemnent. Unlike Pound, who sought solace in Japanese and Chinese sources, Yeats went to Indian philosophy and literature in his quest for "metaphors for poetry," and he remained a constant student of the Indian view of life. [...]

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