Much of W. H. Auden's most brilliantly evocative poetry was written during the 1930's. His skill in catching the tones, the topics of his time, and his ability to evoke its moods and its social turbulence are unequalled among those of his generation writing of political unrest, international crises and revolution. It is no surprise that the word "Audenesque" has become part of the language of literary criticism describing a particular poetic style. Yet it was his poetry of the '30's that Auden later in his life revised and/or repudiated, creating textual problems involving basic critical issues related to literary interpretation, readers'responses to much-revised poems, and to the way that textual scholars approach the determinate relations among poems as first printed and subsequent, altered versions that are also authoritative. Traditional textual criticism cannot address all of the problems caused by Auden's extensive overhauling, nor can it provide evidence that some of Auden's harshest critics--the British Scrutiny group headed by F. R. Leavis and American critics Joseph Warren Beach and Randall Jarrell--may have dismissed him as a major poet too soon. But a method of textual treatment called versioning--the presentation of the complete texts of two or more different stages of a literary work--may be the most useful and efficient method of textual treatment for authors like Auden, and for readers and critics who might wish to assess the significance of Auden's revised works by comparing them with original texts. / Department of English

William Butler Yeats published the first section of the Autobiographies in 1915 with the appearance of Reveries Over Childhood and Youth and published the last contribution to the final volume of 1955 with Dramatis Personae in 1935. For a period of twenty years, Yeats was formulating this official version of his life. The constant building and selecting for this version created a volume that, for the most part, carefully edited out too personal reflections and also served to present an incomplete and disjointed autobiography.

Mysticism can be examined from various viewpoints: historical, theological, sociological, and psychological. This study primarily examines the philosophical status and implications of mysticism, an issue investigated many times, particularly over the last four decades. Walter T. Stace's work in the early sixties is regarded as a hallmark in the field. The topics covered in this thesis are epistemological, metaphysical and religio-ethical and deal with mystical knowledge, its object, and its method. The characteristics of mystical knowledge, its objectivity or subjectivity, its object/s, its logical status, the way/s it is presented in the language, and its method/s of acquisition are investigated. This study is primarily epistemological, since the central issue is the status of mystical awareness in human knowledge. / Since this is a philosophical reflection on mystical experience, the primary sources are mystical writings, mainly from Christian classical mystics, and philosophical writings about mysticism, mainly from twentieth-century Western philosophers. Again since it is a 'philosophical reflection' on 'mystical experience,' this study employs two methods: a historical survey of mystics' ideas, and philosophical reflection on mystics' reports or analysis of contents of mystical text. Since the focus of the study is Stace's account of mysticism, his ideas will be examined in detail. Reference to other mystics and philosophers will be primarily for elaboration, comparison and criticism of Stace's analysis. Instead of merely criticizing Stace's arguments and convictions, this study also offers an alternative account and presents a consistent philosophical analysis of mysticism.

No description available.

What follows is not the biography of William Douw Lighthall, 1857-1954, but a chapter in the larger tradition of Canadian intellectual history. Lighthall remained a staunch imperialist, believing that Canada's future would find its fullest expression within the British Empire, and an adament idealist, asserting the primacy of individual responsibility and community rights. Together these two strains of thought, imperialism and idealism, formed the leitmotif of Lighthall's career: as a poet, novelist and anthologist Lighthall never questioned society's values and mores, he stressed them; similarly, as an urban reformer he underestimated the power of organized capital and, in the end, advocated repressive reforms. Although he was neither a particularly good writer nor a particularly effective reformer, Lighthall nonetheless preached a socialist vision of society--organic, collective, as something independent of the individuals who happened to live there.

The potyvirus Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is widespread throughout the world in cucurbits (such as zucchini, watermelon, pumpkin etc) and papaya (papaw). There are two serologically indistinguishable strains of PRSV, which can only be differentiated on the basis of host range. PRSV-P is able to infect both papaya and cucurbits whereas PRSV-W only infects cucurbits. Both infections drastically reduce the yield and market quality of the fruit. Australian isolates of PRSV-P and -W are very closely related and there is evidence that PRSV-P arose by mutation from PRSV-W. The aim of this project was to investigate the molecular basis of the host range difference between Australian isolates of PRSV-P and -W. The close relationship between Australian PRSV-P and -W isolates at the molecular level made this an ideal system to investigate molecular host range determinants through the development of full-length infectious cDNA clones. Initially, the complete genomes of PRSV-P and -W were each incorporated into two overlapping clones; one included the CaMV 35S promoter fused to the 5' one third of the PRSV genome and the second included the 3' two thirds of the genome (including a 33 nucleotide poly(A) tail) fused to a CaMV35S terminator. Full-length clones could not be obtained from subcloning of these fragments due to apparent toxicity in E.coli. Several approaches were subsequently undertaken to overcome this problem. In an attempt to prevent transcription of potentially toxic sequences, a plant intron (St-Ls1 IV2 intron) was engineered into the first coding region (P1) of the PRSV-W genome. Although clones were obtained using this strategy these could not be effectively maintained in E.coli. An alternative strategy involved subcloning of the genome into a low copy number vector, pACYC177, to minimise expression of toxic sequences. Again this resulted in clones that produced very small colonies, which were hard to culture and which gave very low plasmid yields. These plasmids were also difficult to maintain in E. coli. A final, successful strategy was developed using overlapping long distance PCR (OE-LD PCR) to generate full-length infectious PCR products of both PRSV-P (rPRSV-P) and -W (rPRSV-W) incorporating a CaMV 35S promoter and terminator. Infectious PCR products of both strains were inoculated onto squash cotyledons in vitro by microprojectile bombardment and subsequently mechanically inoculated to squash with greater than 86% efficiency. RPRSV-P subsequently infected papaya with 96% efficiency while, as expected, rPRSV-W was unable to infect papaya. Once a system for generating infectious clones was developed, both sequence analysis and recombination of infectious clones was utilised to investigate the underlying host range mechanism. The complete genomes of PRSV-P and -W were sequenced and compared to each other and to five full- length sequences of overseas PRSV isolates that were available. Sequence analysis confirmed the close relationship between the Australian PRSV isolates (97.8% nucleotide and 98.4% amino acid identity over the whole genome), supporting the mutation theory between both Australian and Asian P and W pairs. However, there was no consistent amino acid difference over the whole genome that correlated with host range or a single site that could be implicated, suggesting that the mutation and possibly the position of the mutation is different at least between Asian and Australian isolates and potentially differs at each mutation event. To better localise the P/W mutation within the PRSV genome, five different recombinant hybrid PRSVs (rhPRSV1-5) were generated in which 5', middle or 3' regions of the PRSV-P and -W genomes were exchanged. Infectivity of all hybrids was confirmed in squash, however, only hybrids including the 3' third of the PRSV-P genome were able to infect papaya, suggesting that this region encodes the papaya host range determinant. The region implicated encodes the genome-linked protein (VPg), NIa protease, replicase (NIb), coat protein (CP) and 3' UTR. While further identification of the host range determinants was not possible due to time constraints, based on studies with other potyviruses, there is a strong basis for implication of the VPg. Sequence analysis identified only 2 amino acid differences between the VPg of Australian PRSV-P and -W isolates in regions previously implicated in pathogenicity. These will be targeted for mutagenesis in ongoing studies. Identification of the genes/sequences involved in the determination of host range in PRSV will provide valuable information as to the sequence of events that lead to infection and will lead to a better understanding of the significance of changing hosts in the molecular evolution of PRSV, an essential requirement for the development of long-term sustainable control strategies against PRSV.

This thesis reports photometric and spectroscopic studies of three close binary systems; BP Velorum, V392 Carinae and V752 Centauri. BP Velorum, a W UMa-type binary, was observed photometrically in February 2007. The light curves in four filters were fitted simultaneously with a model generated in the eclipsing binary modeling software package PHOEBE. The best model was one with a cool star spot on the secondary larger component. The light curves showed additional cycle-to-cycle variations near the times of maximum light which may indicate the presence of star spots that vary in strength and/or location on a time scale comparable with the orbital period, (P = 0.265 d). The system was confirmed to belong to the W-type subgroup of W UMa binaries for which the deeper primary minimum is due to an occultation. V392 Carinae, a detached binary with an orbital period of 3.147 d, was observed photometrically by Michael Snowden in 1997. These observations were reduced and combined with the published light curve from Debernardi and North (2001). High resolution spectroscopic images were taken using the University of Canterbury's HERCULES spectrograph. The radial velocities measured from these observations were combined with velocities from Debernardi and North (2001). The radial velocity and light curves were fit simultaneously, confirming that V392 Car is a detached system of two main sequence A stars with a mass-ratio of 0.95. The derived systematic velocity is consistent with V392 Car being a member of the open cluster NGC 2516. The W UMa-type binary V752 Centauri was observed photometrically and spectroscopically during 2007. The high resolution spectra displayed weak sharp lined features superimposed over the strong broad lined spectrum expected from the 0.370 d contact binary. Fourier methods were used to separate the broad and sharp spectral features and radial velocities for each were measured by cross-correlation. A fit to the photometry and radial velocities for the contact binary implied a system of two late F stars with a mass-ratio of 3.38 in an over-contact configuration. The derived systematic velocity (−13.8km/s), has changed significantly from the 1972 value (29.2km/s). The third (sharp lined) component's radial velocities were measured and found to have a period of 5.147 d, semi-amplitude of 43.4km/s and systematic velocity of −7.3km/s. The likely configuration of the entire system is that of a contact binary in a long period orbit about a lower mass detached binary. V752 Cen is thus a triple lined spectroscopic quadruple.

Doctor of Philosophy / Many criticisms of the prevalent deflationary theories of truth stem from some misunderstanding. Clarification can be found from considering Quine's reasoning on the disquotational feature of the truth predicate. Quine's disquotationalism and Horwich's minimalism are similar theses with respect to the concept of truth, though the difference between the choices of the primary truth bearers and the divergence in their accounts of meaning and reference are striking. Chapter Two is devoted to making plain Quine's reasoning regarding the disquotational concept of truth, and to constructing a disquotational theory of truth. Also in this chapter, the topic of how to enhance the deductive power of this theory is discussed. The following chapter aims to square Quine's theses of inscrutability of reference and ontological relativity, with an account of the disquotational schema of reference. Whether or not a disquotational schema of reference and all its instances can be seen as providing a genuine reference scheme, as claimed by Horwich and most deflationists, is also discussed. In Chapter Four, after an introduction of Horwich's minimalist conception of truth, there are a number of issues considered, in particular Horwich’s use-theoretic account of meaning and compositionality, along with the divergence between his account of meaning and Quine's. The final chapter, Chapter Five, provides a thorough analysis of three important factors regarding the disquotational theory and the minimal theory of truth. Among them, the first factor discussed is what sort of equivalence relation occurs within each instance of the disquotational schema or each axiom of the equivalence schema. Following this, there is an analysis of in what way the disquotationalist and the minimalist can explain all general facts involving truth. The last factor involves considering the proper ascription of the disquotational or the minimal truth predicate. Along with the analysis of these three factors, the issue regarding which theory of truth is preferable is elaborated.

Thesis (M.C.S.)--Regent College, 1987. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [136]-141).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.