The objective of the study was to identify the relationship between percent body fat (%BF) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) in children ages 7 to 9 years. The sample (n=171) was divided into four groups. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to estimate %BF. Significant positive correlations were observed between WHR and %BF for black females (r = 0.48), white females (r = 0.66), black males (r = 0.34), and white males (r = 0.55). Although the correlations differed between groups, the amount of variation between the two variables was not significantly different between groups other than black females. Least squares means was used to estimate %BF using an average WHR (.85). Black females had higher %BF than other groups. Percent body fat cannot be fully explained by WHR (r2 = 0.32). Results show a relationship between %BF and WHR, yet predicting %BF from a given WHR may be difficult.

Adiposity has been linked to impaired respiratory function in adults but whether the distribution of adipose tissue has a differential effect on pulmonary function is still uncertain. Moreover, in children, the relationship between adiposity and lung dysfunction is not clearly understood. A two-stage multivariate analysis was conducted using data from 5604 Canadians aged 6 to 79 years who participated in the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS). The associations of various anthropometric and skinfold measures with lung function were examined separately in adults and children. After adjustment of covariates, waist circumference and subscapular skinfold thickness showed the strongest inverse associations with FVC and FEV1 in men. In women, BMI and sum of five skinfolds had the largest impact on pulmonary function. FVC and FEV1 in boys were most affected by waist-to-hip ratio and triceps skinfold. In girls, adiposity was not linked to the lung function testing variables. Adiposity measures have differing effects on respiratory function depending on age and sex group.

Adiposity has been linked to impaired respiratory function in adults but whether the distribution of adipose tissue has a differential effect on pulmonary function is still uncertain. Moreover, in children, the relationship between adiposity and lung dysfunction is not clearly understood. A two-stage multivariate analysis was conducted using data from 5604 Canadians aged 6 to 79 years who participated in the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS). The associations of various anthropometric and skinfold measures with lung function were examined separately in adults and children. After adjustment of covariates, waist circumference and subscapular skinfold thickness showed the strongest inverse associations with FVC and FEV1 in men. In women, BMI and sum of five skinfolds had the largest impact on pulmonary function. FVC and FEV1 in boys were most affected by waist-to-hip ratio and triceps skinfold. In girls, adiposity was not linked to the lung function testing variables. Adiposity measures have differing effects on respiratory function depending on age and sex group.

Adiposity has been linked to impaired respiratory function in adults but whether the distribution of adipose tissue has a differential effect on pulmonary function is still uncertain. Moreover, in children, the relationship between adiposity and lung dysfunction is not clearly understood. A two-stage multivariate analysis was conducted using data from 5604 Canadians aged 6 to 79 years who participated in the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS). The associations of various anthropometric and skinfold measures with lung function were examined separately in adults and children. After adjustment of covariates, waist circumference and subscapular skinfold thickness showed the strongest inverse associations with FVC and FEV1 in men. In women, BMI and sum of five skinfolds had the largest impact on pulmonary function. FVC and FEV1 in boys were most affected by waist-to-hip ratio and triceps skinfold. In girls, adiposity was not linked to the lung function testing variables. Adiposity measures have differing effects on respiratory function depending on age and sex group.

No description available.

No description available.

IMPORTÂNCIA: Mudanças significativas na composição corporal ocorrem com o envelhecimento, havendo aumento progressivo da massa gorda e redução da massa magra. Este quadro está associado à perda de força e mobilidade, ao aumento da morbidade e mortalidade. Nos indivíduos diabéticos tipo 2, esta condição é agravada pelas alterações metabólicas impostas pela doença. OBJETIVO: Comparar as medidas da composição corporal de idosas diabéticas tipo 2 pelo método antropométrico e raio-x de dupla varredura (DEXA), e correlacioná-las à força de preensão da mão. MÉTODOS: Cinqüenta e três voluntárias de 60 a 70 anos, com índice de massa corporal (IMC, kg/m2) de 19 a 44, do Ambulatório de Diabetes do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, foram avaliadas por: medidas antropométricas, raio-x de dupla varredura e força de preensão da mão. RESULTADOS: a) composição corporal antropometria x DEXA: não houve diferença estatística entre os métodos para as médias do peso, massa corporal magra, massa corporal gorda, porcentagem de gordura total e porcentagem de gordura do braço (P > 0,05). O peso, a massa corporal magra, a massa corporal gorda e o percentual de gordura total foram significativamente correlacionados pelos dois métodos. b) índices corporais x DEXA: o IMC, a circunferência do abdômen, a circunferência muscular do braço, a porcentagem de gordura do braço, a área muscular do braço, a área de gordura do braço, foram significativamente correlacionados, com os respectivos componentes do DEXA (P < 0,05); o índice abdômen/quadril não foi correlacionado ao DEXA. c) comparação entre diversos índices antropométricos: foram significativamente correlacionados (P < 0,05), o IMC e a circunferência do abdômen com a porcentagem de gordura total da antropometria; a circunferência muscular do braço com a massa corporal magra da antropometria. Não foram correlacionados o IAQ com o IMC e com a porcentagem de gordura total da antropometria. d) coeficiente de variação para medidas corporais do DEXA: variou de 0,3% a 9,6% entre os diferentes componentes corporais. e) teste de preensão de mão x variáveis associadas à massa muscular: foi correlacionado a variáveis antropométricas (P < 0,05), e não ao DEXA. CONCLUSÃO: Os dois métodos foram equivalentes para avaliação da composição corporal, sugerindo que a antropometria pode produzir um bom resultado de avaliação nestas idosas diabéticas. A força de preensão da mão teve correlação com a antropometria, mas não com as variáveis do DEXA. Portanto, estas medidas podem contribuir na avaliação do estado nutricional e de saúde em idosas diabéticas tipo 2 e ainda, acompanhar de maneira fácil e barata, a evolução de um tratamento. / IMPORTANCE: A significant change in corporal composition occurs with aging, with increase of fat mass and reduction lean mass. This situation is associated with loss of strength and mobility, and increase of morbidity and mortality. In diabetic type 2 individuals, this condition is aggravated by the metabolic alterations due to the illness. OBJECTIVE: To compare the measures of body composition of elderly women with diabetes type 2 through anthropometry and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and correlate findings to handgrip strength. METHODS: Fifty-three volunteers with age ranging from 60 to 70 years old, body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) 19 to 44 selected from the Diabetes Ambulatory of the Clinical Hospital of the School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São paulo, were evaluated by: anthropometry, DEXA and handgrip strength. RESULTS: a) anthropometry x DEXA in body composition analyses: there were no statistical differences between the average of the weight, lean body mass, fat body mass, percentage of body fatness and percentage of fatness of the arm (P > 0,05). The weight, lean body mass, body fat mass and percentage of body fatness were significantly correlated. b) body indices x DEXA: BMI, abdomen circumference, muscle arm circumference, percentage of fatness of the arm, muscular area of the arm and area of fatness of the arm were significantly correlated with the respective components of the DEXA (P < 0,05); the waist/hip ratio (WHR) was not correlated with DEXA (P < 0,05): c) comparison between athropometric indices: the following variables were significantly correlated (P < 0,05): BMI and circumference of the abdomen with the percentage of body fatness of the anthropometry; muscular circumference of the arm with the lean body mass of the anthropometry. The WHR was not correlated with the IMC and with the percentage of body fatness of the anthropometry. d) coefficient of variation for corporal measures of the DEXA: varied from 0,3% to 9,6%. Handgrip strength was correlated to anthropometrics variables (P <0,05), but not with DEXA. CONCLUSIONS: The two approaches were equivalent for the assessment of body composition, suggesting that anthropometry can produce a good result in the evaluation of this population. The handgrip strength was correlated with anthropometry, but not with the variables of DEXA. Therefore, these measures can contribute to the assessment of the nutritional status in elderly diabetic type 2.

IMPORTÂNCIA: Mudanças significativas na composição corporal ocorrem com o envelhecimento, havendo aumento progressivo da massa gorda e redução da massa magra. Este quadro está associado à perda de força e mobilidade, ao aumento da morbidade e mortalidade. Nos indivíduos diabéticos tipo 2, esta condição é agravada pelas alterações metabólicas impostas pela doença. OBJETIVO: Comparar as medidas da composição corporal de idosas diabéticas tipo 2 pelo método antropométrico e raio-x de dupla varredura (DEXA), e correlacioná-las à força de preensão da mão. MÉTODOS: Cinqüenta e três voluntárias de 60 a 70 anos, com índice de massa corporal (IMC, kg/m2) de 19 a 44, do Ambulatório de Diabetes do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, foram avaliadas por: medidas antropométricas, raio-x de dupla varredura e força de preensão da mão. RESULTADOS: a) composição corporal antropometria x DEXA: não houve diferença estatística entre os métodos para as médias do peso, massa corporal magra, massa corporal gorda, porcentagem de gordura total e porcentagem de gordura do braço (P > 0,05). O peso, a massa corporal magra, a massa corporal gorda e o percentual de gordura total foram significativamente correlacionados pelos dois métodos. b) índices corporais x DEXA: o IMC, a circunferência do abdômen, a circunferência muscular do braço, a porcentagem de gordura do braço, a área muscular do braço, a área de gordura do braço, foram significativamente correlacionados, com os respectivos componentes do DEXA (P < 0,05); o índice abdômen/quadril não foi correlacionado ao DEXA. c) comparação entre diversos índices antropométricos: foram significativamente correlacionados (P < 0,05), o IMC e a circunferência do abdômen com a porcentagem de gordura total da antropometria; a circunferência muscular do braço com a massa corporal magra da antropometria. Não foram correlacionados o IAQ com o IMC e com a porcentagem de gordura total da antropometria. d) coeficiente de variação para medidas corporais do DEXA: variou de 0,3% a 9,6% entre os diferentes componentes corporais. e) teste de preensão de mão x variáveis associadas à massa muscular: foi correlacionado a variáveis antropométricas (P < 0,05), e não ao DEXA. CONCLUSÃO: Os dois métodos foram equivalentes para avaliação da composição corporal, sugerindo que a antropometria pode produzir um bom resultado de avaliação nestas idosas diabéticas. A força de preensão da mão teve correlação com a antropometria, mas não com as variáveis do DEXA. Portanto, estas medidas podem contribuir na avaliação do estado nutricional e de saúde em idosas diabéticas tipo 2 e ainda, acompanhar de maneira fácil e barata, a evolução de um tratamento. / IMPORTANCE: A significant change in corporal composition occurs with aging, with increase of fat mass and reduction lean mass. This situation is associated with loss of strength and mobility, and increase of morbidity and mortality. In diabetic type 2 individuals, this condition is aggravated by the metabolic alterations due to the illness. OBJECTIVE: To compare the measures of body composition of elderly women with diabetes type 2 through anthropometry and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and correlate findings to handgrip strength. METHODS: Fifty-three volunteers with age ranging from 60 to 70 years old, body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) 19 to 44 selected from the Diabetes Ambulatory of the Clinical Hospital of the School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São paulo, were evaluated by: anthropometry, DEXA and handgrip strength. RESULTS: a) anthropometry x DEXA in body composition analyses: there were no statistical differences between the average of the weight, lean body mass, fat body mass, percentage of body fatness and percentage of fatness of the arm (P > 0,05). The weight, lean body mass, body fat mass and percentage of body fatness were significantly correlated. b) body indices x DEXA: BMI, abdomen circumference, muscle arm circumference, percentage of fatness of the arm, muscular area of the arm and area of fatness of the arm were significantly correlated with the respective components of the DEXA (P < 0,05); the waist/hip ratio (WHR) was not correlated with DEXA (P < 0,05): c) comparison between athropometric indices: the following variables were significantly correlated (P < 0,05): BMI and circumference of the abdomen with the percentage of body fatness of the anthropometry; muscular circumference of the arm with the lean body mass of the anthropometry. The WHR was not correlated with the IMC and with the percentage of body fatness of the anthropometry. d) coefficient of variation for corporal measures of the DEXA: varied from 0,3% to 9,6%. Handgrip strength was correlated to anthropometrics variables (P <0,05), but not with DEXA. CONCLUSIONS: The two approaches were equivalent for the assessment of body composition, suggesting that anthropometry can produce a good result in the evaluation of this population. The handgrip strength was correlated with anthropometry, but not with the variables of DEXA. Therefore, these measures can contribute to the assessment of the nutritional status in elderly diabetic type 2.

Introdução: Segundo a literatura, a incidência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) tem aumentado, particularmente em idosos, e as evidências epidemiológicas mostram que o estado nutricional e gordura abdominal estão associados, positivamente, com o desenvolvimento dessa doença. Objetivo: Verificar a associação entre incidência de HAS referida e estado nutricional e gordura abdominal, em idosos do município de São Paulo/Brasil - 2000 e 2006. Casuística e métodos: Trata-se de estudo de coorte, epidemiológico, de base domiciliar, realizado no município de São Paulo, utilizando dados do Estudo SABE . Saúde, Bem-estar e Envelhecimento, em 2000 (2.143 idosos), e em 2006 (1.115 idosos). A população de estudo foi constituída por idosos (&#8805;66 anos), de ambos os sexos, selecionados por amostra probabilística, e que não referiram HAS, em 2000, e que apresentaram todos os dados necessários a este estudo. As variáveis analisadas foram: HAS referida, com alternativa de resposta dicotômica (sim ou não), estado nutricional, pelo índice de massa corporal - baixo peso (IMC< 23 kg/m2) e excesso de peso (IMC &#8805;30 kg/m2), gordura abdominal (circunferência da cintura - CC &#8805; 88 cm, para mulheres, e &#8805; 102 cm, para homens; e razão cintura/quadril - RCQ &#8805; 1, para homens, e &#8805; 0,85, para mulheres) e características sociodemográficas: sexo, grupos etários (60 a 74 anos; &#8805; 75 anos), escolaridade e tabagismo. Para verificar a associação entre as variáveis, utilizou-se teste Rao & Scott, para amostra complexa, regressão logística múltipla (p<0,05) e o programa Stata/SE 10.0 for Windows. Resultados: Dos 1.115 idosos, foram reavaliados 522, sendo 164 novos casos de HAS referida (33,61/ 1.000 pessoa/ano). A maior proporção de idosos que referiram HAS era composta por mulheres (55%), do grupo de 60 a 74 anos (86%). Excesso de peso e gordura abdominal foram associadas, positivamente, com referência de HAS em homens e mulheres, com diferença estatística para CC (OR= 3,18; IC95% 1,02-9,93; p=0,04), em mulheres. Conclusão: Constatou-se que a gordura abdominal esteve associada positiva e significativamente com incidência de HAS referida, em mulheres, após 6 anos de acompanhamento. / Introduction: According to scientific literature, the incidence of hypertension (HBP- high blood pressure) has increased, particularly in the elderly, and epidemiological evidence shows that both the nutritional status and abdominal fat are positively associated with the development of this disease. Objective: To verify the association between incidence of hypertension and both the nutritional status and abdominal fat of elderly people in São Paulo / Brazil - 2000 and 2006. Casuistic and methods: This is a cohort study, epidemiological and household based study, carried out in the city of São Paulo, using data from the SABE Survey - Health, Wellbeing and Aging in 2000 (2.143 individuals), and 2006 (1115 individuals). The study population consisted of elderly people (&#8805; 66 years) of both genders, selected by probabilistic sample, who did not reported HBP in 2000 and with all the necessary data for this study. The analyzed variables were: reported HBP (yes or no), nutritional status, by body mass index - underweight (BMI <23 kg / m2) and overweight (BMI &#8805; 30 kg / m2) , abdominal fat (waist circumference - WC &#8805; 88 cm for women and &#8805; 102 cm for men, waistto- hip ratio (WHR &#8805; 1, for men and &#8805; 0.85, for women) and socio-demographic characteristics: gender, age groups (60 to 74 years, &#8805; 75 years), educational status and smoking. To verify the association among the variables, we used the Rao Scott test, for complex samples, multiple logistic regression (p<0.05) and the Stata software (Stata/SE 10.0 for Windows). Results: Out of the 1,115 elderly individuals in 2006, 522 were reassessed, resulting in 164 elderly persons who referred being new cases of hypertension (33.61 / 1,000 person/years). The majority of individuals who reported HBP were women (55%), belonging to the group among 60 to 74 years of age (86%). Overweight and abdominal fat were positively associated to hypertension in men and women, with statistical significance, according to the waist-to-hip ratio WHR of women (OR = 3.18; 95% CI=1.02 - 9.93, p = 0.04). Conclusion: abdominal fat was positively associated with the incidence of hypertension in women, after 6 years of follow-up.

Tyrimo tikslas buvo nustatyti sumažinto kaloringumo dietos poveikį kai kuriems kūno kompozicijos rodikliams ir lipidų koncentracijai. Tyrime siekta įvertinti kai kuriuos kūno kompozicijos rodiklius (riebalines raukšles, procentinį riebalų kiekį, kūno masės indeksą(KMI)), nustatyti liemens ir klubų apimčių santykį ir įvertinti kraujo lipidų koncentraciją prieš ir po sumažinto kaloringumo dietos. Tyrime dalyvavo aštuonios sveikos moterys nuo 28 iki 46 metų. Prieš tyrimą visos tiriamosios pildė anketą apie gyvenimo būdą, žalingus įpročius, fizinį aktyvumą. Visos tiriamos moterys buvo sveikos, nerūkančios, nesportuojan��ios bei nevartojusios alkoholio tyrimo metu. Tyrimo metu, pusantro mėnesio tris kartus per savaitę, jos laikėsi sumažinto kaloringumo dietos, kitomis savaitės dienomis maitinosi įprastai. Tyrimo metu moterys registravo savo įprastą mitybos racioną. Kūno kompozicijos rodikliai (KMI, riebalinės raukšlės, liemens, klubų apimtis), bendrojo cholesterolio (Bch), didelio tankio lipoproteinų cholesterolio (DTL-ch) ir triacilglicerolių (TAG) koncentracijos kraujyje buvo išmatuoti prieš tyrimą ir po pusantro mėnesio trukusios sumažinto kaloringumo dietos. Po eksperimento nustatyta, kad dėl sumažinto kaloringumo dietos patikimai sumažėjo moterų KMI, procentinis riebalų kiekis ir riebalinės raukšlės. Taikant sumažinto kaloringumo dietą, per pusantro mėnesio kraujo lipidų (DTL-ch; Bch; TAG) koncentracija nepakito. Liemens ir klubų apimties santykio pokyčiai po sumažinto... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of this research was to measure the effect of calorie restricted diet on some indexes of body composition and lipoprotein concentration. This research was carried out to estimate indexes of body composition (skinfold thickness, the percentage of body fat, body mass index), waist-to-hip ratio, and the concentration of blood lipoproteins before and after calorie restricted diet. Eight healthy women aged from 28 to 46 participated in the research. All participants filled in the questionnaire about their life style, harmful habits and physical activity. Participating women were healthy, non-smoking, sedentary and sober during the research. They were on calorie restricted diet for one and a half months, three times a week, the other days they took an usual nourishment. During the research, women registered their usual nutrition ration. The indexes of body composition (body mass index, skinfold thickness, waist-to-hip ratio), serum total cholesterol (Tchol), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), triglyceride (TG) concentration was estimated before the research and after one and a half months lasting calorie restricted diet. It was found that because of calorie restricted diet women‘s body mass index, percentage body fat, and skinfold thickness decreased (p < 0,05). After practising calorie restricted diet for one and a half months, blood lipoprotein (HDL, Tchol, TG) concentration did not change (p > 0,05). Waist-to-hip ratio change after calorie restricted diet was... [to full text]