Explorations of womens roles in armed conflict have traditionally focused on women as victims, which has led to a limited understanding of the active roles women have played during and after conflicts. For example, analyses of the roles of women in the 1994 Rwanda genocide have largely focused on the victimization of women through rapes and mutilations, which leaves many dimensions unexplored. Exposing the roles of women in perpetrating violence or reconciliation efforts can contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the roles of women in wartime and challenge the traditional gender stereotypes that have denied womens agency dealing with the aftermath of conflict. This study aims to contribute to the literature on women and conflict, specifically ethnic conflict, by providing a broader and thus more accurate picture of the roles of women during and after the Rwanda genocide. This study explores the following question: What roles did Rwandan women play in the genocide and are women revealing their agency and abilities in the aftermath? This thesis explores the gendered nature of the Rwanda genocide as revealed in the violence committed against women and by women during the Rwanda genocide (women as victims and perpetrators), as well as the position of women in post-genocide Rwanda (their agency in reconciliation and reconstruction). This research represents a qualitative study based on information provided by news sources, ethnic conflict and genocide literature, feminist literature, reports by non-governmental organizations, and international organizations including the United Nations (specifically the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda) and the World Bank. The roles of women during and after conflict have been traditionally understood from a biased perspective; however, the genocide in Rwanda has revealed the great extent to which women are affected by conflict, participate in conflict, and contribute to reconstruction and reconciliation efforts.

Zugl.: Mainz, Univ., Diss., 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 173-189).

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Hannover, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 423-432) and index.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Hannover, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 423-432) and index.

Texte remanié de : Dissertation : Philosophie : Universität Potsdam : 2001. / Bibliogr. p. 485-503. Index.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Bochum, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 402-436) and index.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--UCLA, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 384-427).

Univ., Diss.--Bochum, 2002. / Literaturverz. S. 402 - 436.

La thèse analyse la contribution de la France au procès des grands criminels de guerre devant le Tribunal militaire international (TMI) de Nuremberg en 1945/46 sur le plan politique ainsi que juridique. / The dissertation examines the French contribution to the Trial of the Major German War Criminals before the International Military Tribunal (IMT) at Nuremberg in 1945/46 in its political and judicial dimension.

The purpose of this thesis is to compare the Trial of major Nazi war criminals before International Military Tribunal with others trials held in American occupation zone in the Exclusive American jurisdiction (concretely the so called Subsequent Nuremberg trials and the Dachau trials) and to find the similarities between them. The thesis is divided into the six chapters, which are further divided into the subchapters. The first chapter describes the situation during and after the Second World War and the considerations of the Allied powers about the method of the punishment of the Nazi war criminals, which was necessary. The second chapter deals with the creation of the Charter of the International Military Tribunal. This law was created with the joint efforts of the most prominent lawyers from the United States of America, Soviet Union, Great Britain and France. The Charter included new categories of crimes, which were the reaction to the unprecedented extensity of Nazi atrocities. This "Nuremberg charter" helped greatly in the development of the International criminal law. In the second chapter, the reasons for choosing Nuremberg as the location of the trials are also taken in consideration. The third chapter examines the proceedings of the International Military Tribunal. Extra attention is given to the...