Univ., Diss--Gießen, 2000.

Thesis (M.B.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1992.

Text in Afrikaans / Infringement, by the executive, of the right to privacy of the individual is an everyday occurrence. Section 14 of the Constitution, Act 108 of 1996 protects the right to privacy. The Criminal Procedure Act, Act 51 of 1977 authorises the police service, to search for and seize articles, to enter premises, ascertain bodily features of accused and to employ traps and undercover operations. On the one hand the Criminal Procedure Act authorises the police to infringe the privacy of the individual but on the other hand it guarantees the privacy of the individual. The provisions of the Criminal Procedure Act are qualified by the Constitution, specifically by section 36 and 35(5). The authorisation of a police officer should be obtained before a person could be arrested without a warrant, which should, in any event, be the last resort. The written permission of an officer must be obtained prior to the making of an application for a warrant to a magistrate. A police officer should be prohibited from issuing a search warrant, as the general perception of the public is that members of the police may not be sufficiently independent. The exercising of magistrates' discretion regarding the decision as to whether a search warrant should be issued or not should be extended. A search warrant should comply with strict requirements as to who may execute the warrant, when, how and when the warrant will become invalid. Search and seizure without a warrant should not be allowed at all, except in circumstances where there is an immediate threat or danger to a person, property or the public safety. In cases of urgency, it should be made possible to obtain the telephonic permission from a magistrate to search property. Where necessary to ascertain the bodily features of an accused through surgery, a compulsory application in terms of section 37(3) should be made to the court for authorisation, irrespective of whether the accused consents to the surgery or not. More importance should be attached to the rights of the individual and the powers of the executive should be limited. / Jurisprudence / LL.D

theme of dissertation {\clq}qInvestment by internet{\crq}q is focused on the new method of investment. The topic is an innovation in the internet banking sphere. Four bank institutions offer the investment by internet nowadays. The goal of the dissertation is to analyse the new investment. Theoretical part describes electronic banking development, legal amendment, security and possibilities of investment. Further on it defines advantages and disadvantages of practical use of investment by internet. The second part of dissertation is focused on the practice. It includes the real study, comparison of investment bank institutions' possibilities and real investment example. Here I tried the on-line investment myself.

This thesis is focused on some of the new instruments on capital markets -- specifically on Investment Certificates, Warrants, Exchange Traded Funds and Contracts for Difference. It shows fundamental principle of behavior, important specifications and comparison to other investment products. The text further examine overall instruments' offering especially on the European markets and compare trading possibilities of the main brokers in the Czech Republic. The work analyses price changes of the instruments and related underlying assets and examine risk and profitability with respect to the latest global financial crisis.

This paper studies the influence on the Japanese stock (cash and futures) markets of the Nikkei put warrants which were traded in Toronto and New York from February 1989 to April 1993. Implied changes in the Japanese prices based on the previous days’ North American warrant prices are compared to the actual price changes. Special attention is placed on the period from January 1990 to August 1992 when the Japanese stock market had a major decline. / Business, Sauder School of / Graduate

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Increased uncertainty in global markets has compelled modern investment and portfolio management to tailor specific financial outcomes. Investors can incorporate derivative instruments into their portfolios to hedge their positions against uncertainty, obtain exposure to virtually any risk or obtain current exposure for future income. Warrants are such instruments; it tracks its underlying asset as options and are tailored for smaller and private investors. It could, however, also be dangerous to one's financial health if the finer intricacies are not understood. Warrants take the investment industry to a new level, because it is essentially a retail product. Warrant issuers hedge a position in assets or on derivative exchanges at a 'wholesale' price and then short the position in small contracts on the stock exchange at a 'retail' price. The price difference presents itself in the volatility parameter used to calculate the issuing price of the warrant. Once issued, the issuer maintains influence on the price by exerting either supply or demand through maintaining a bid and offer in the market. Often, issuers use this 'market-making' to steer the instrument price towards a lower volatility parameter at the expiry of the warrant when it is neutralised, thus securing profit to the issuer. Traditionally financial institutions would market their services in managing assets. They now flex muscles in marketing a retail product through issuing warrants as well. Fierce competition exists among issuers with low cost and differentiated strategies identifiable. These strategies could persuade an investor towards a particular warrant, which might not necessarily be the best investment from the investor's viewpoint. This erodes the efficiency of the market. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Toenemende onsekerheid op wêreldmarkte noodsaak hedendaagse beleggingsbestuur om spesifieke finansiele resultate te verseker. Beleggers kan afgeleide instrumente in portefeuljes gebruik om teen onsekerheid te verskans of blootstelling te verkry. Sekuriteitsregte is 'n populêre instrument vir private beleggers. Dit word uitgereik deur finansiele instellings en volg die pad van 'n onderliggende bate, soos 'n opsie. Vanweë die intrede van 'n middelman, hou hierdie instrumente egter addisionele risiko in. Sekuriteitsregte kan beskryf word as 'n kleinhandelsproduk. Kontrakskrywers neem lang posisies in bates of op die afgeleide beurs in, teen groothandel pryse en verkans kort posisies in klein kontrakte op die sekuriteitsbeurs om sodoende 'n neutrale posisie te handhaaf. Die prysverskil manifisteer as 'n volatiliteits maatstaf van die onderliggende bate. Na uitreiking beïnvloed die onderskrywers die prys deur die vraag en aanbod op die mark te manipileer. Hierdie invloed kan gebruik word om die kontrakprys na 'n laer volatiliteitsvlak te stuur voor die kontrak verstryk, sodat addisionele wins gewin kan word. Finansiële instellings bemark hul dienste tradisioneel as batebestuurders. Hul besigheid word egter nou uitgebrei deur handelsprodukte ook te bemark. Sterk kompetisie bestaan tussen onderskrywers met lae koste of gedifferensieerde strategieë identifiseerbaar. Beleggers se keuses word dikwels deur hierdie strategiese bemarking beïnvloed, eerder as om op finansiele toepaslikheid te fokus. Dit lei tot die gevolgtrekking dat die mark nie volkome voltreffend is nie.

股價波動度在財務金融領域一直受到高度的關切，雖然過去學者研究結論皆一致認同交易量與股價波動度具有顯著正向關係，交易量的變化可以視為相關訊息的傳遞，然而交易量能夠進一步分解為交易次數與平均交易規模，Jones, Kaul and Lipson（1994）等多位國內外學者也發現，交易次數較平均交易規模更具資訊內涵，指出交易次數才是造成股價波動的主要原因。然而有關交易次數方面之研究僅限於單一市場，隨著國內權證市場的興起，引發本研究進一步探討台股認購權證交易次數對標的股價波動度之影響，樣本選取2002年國內上市之所有個股型權證作為研究對象，以觀察是否交易次數較平均交易規模更具資訊內涵，並且代表市場臨時資訊的未預期交易次數較預期交易次數，對股價波動度更具顯著解釋能力。 實證結果發現，認購權證交易量確實能有效解釋標的股價波動的特性。然而認購權證交易次數較平均交易規模對股價波動度更具資訊內涵，並且權證交易次數對股價波動度的顯著正向關係，並不受到平均交易規模的影響，因此可以推論權證交易量所隱含的資訊內涵，其實是源於交易次數本身所造成，而非規模，此結論大致上支持策略型模型之說法。 若將交易活動變數進一步區分，更可發現權證交易次數不論預期與未預期，皆對股價波動度有正向顯著影響，並且權證未預期交易次數所蘊含之資訊內涵較預期交易次數為多，顯示股價波動度較易受到市場臨時資訊的影響，而透過交易行為傳遞到市場中，因此導致認購權證未預期交易次數對股價波動度具有高度正向的解釋能力。

This thesis focuses on the derivatives market. The goal is to choose ones that are suitable for use for the benefit of family finances and planning. Mapping the world market derivatives, and then describes the basic characteristics of the main types of contracts. After the general characteristics of the derivatives in the introduction, are briefly described two types (forwads and swaps) that are not directly used in the family finances. In their description, however, are pointed out the fundamental principles of derivatives and trading with them. In the next section, the focus is on those derivatives that are suitable for use in household budgets. They include Futures, Options, Warrants, Investment Certificates, Exchange Traded Funds (ETF), Contracts for diference (CFD). There are also discussed basic principles of these instruments, their use and the current bid.

Essa dissertação teve por objetivo analisar a dinâmica de cumprimento de mandados na Comarca de Palmas do Estado do Tocantins, a fim de verificar se tem sido realizada com efetividade. Partindo-se da premissa que o tempo expendido no cumprimento de mandados impacta no processo como um todo, analisou-se a movimentação processual de forma mais abrangente, não se restringindo somente às diligências realizadas pelos Oficiais de Justiça. Ocorre que, dentro de cada fórum, para que o gestor consiga identificar as particularidades de sua organização, é necessário efetivar a gestão de processos e pessoas em suas unidades de trabalho, com o mesmo foco e essência da gestão estratégica incentivada pelo Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ), inclusive, através do acompanhamento do trabalho de juízes e servidores com uma lupa mais científica. Ter consciência de que maneira os atores processuais tem desempenhado suas funções é fundamental para conhecer as dificuldades que o Poder Judiciário tem enfrentado para entregar a prestação jurisdicional com prazo razoável e de qualidade. Seguindo essa linha de raciocínio, tem-se que o levantamento de dados sistematizados e apresentados em relatórios poderá propiciar a prestação do serviço de forma mais precisa. Durante a pesquisa, o método utilizado foi o indutivo, mediante estudo de dados extraídos do sistema e-Proc no que se refere aos mandados encaminhados à central de mandados da comarca no mês de setembro de 2016. Outrossim, foi realizado um estudo bibliográfico e normativo dos procedimentos do Tribunal de Justiça do Tocantins, sendo que a interpretação dos resultados obtidos na pesquisa local foi feita em consonância com os referenciais teóricos e com a metodologia adotada. Concluiu-se que a coleta de dados frente às unidades judiciais que estão direta ou indiretamente ligadas ao cumprimento de mandados deve ser melhor estruturada como ferramenta para identificar necessidades pontuais e, com isso, auferir melhores resultados. / This dissertation aimed to analyze the dynamics of compliance with mandates in the Palmas County of the State of Tocantins, in order to verify if it has been carried out with effectiveness. Based on the premise that the time spent in the fulfillment of mandates impacts on the process as a whole, the process was analyzed in a more comprehensive way, not restricted to the diligences carried out by the Officers of Justice. It happens that within each forum, so that the manager can identify the particularities of his organization, it is necessary to carry out the management of processes and people in his work units, with the same focus and essence of the strategic management encouraged by the National Council of Justice (CNJ), including by monitoring the work of judges and servers with a more scientific look. Being aware of how the procedural actors have performed their duties is fundamental to know the difficulties that the Judiciary has faced to deliver the judicial provision with reasonable time and quality. Following this line of reasoning, it is assumed that the collection of systematized data and report presentations can provide a more precise service. During the research, the inductive method was used, through a study of data extracted from the e-Proc system with regard to the errands sent to the command center of the county in September 2016. In addition, a bibliographic and normative study of the procedures of the Court of Justice of Tocantins was carried out, and the interpretation of the results obtained in the local research was done in consonance with the theoretical references and with the methodology adopted. It was concluded that the collection of data from the judicial units that are directly or indirectly linked to the execution of warrants should be better structured as a tool to identify specific needs and, therefore, to obtain better results.