Scale 1 in = 2 miles. Prepared in 1938 by the Tennessee State Highway Department in Cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Bureau of Public Roads. Data obtained from statewide highway planning survey. / https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1170/thumbnail.jpg

Edited by the Geological Survey. Compiled from 1:24000 scale topographic maps dated 1939-1965. United States Department of the Interior Geological Survey. Advance composite, subject to correction. National geodetic vertical datum of 1929. Scale 1 in = 3.5 km/ 1.5 mi/ 8000 ft. / https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1171/thumbnail.jpg

Scale 1 in = 5000 ft. Prepared by the Upper East Tennessee Section, local planning assistance office in January 1985 and approved by the county commission of Washington County on February 4, 1985. County roadmap displaying schools within Washington County. / https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1172/thumbnail.jpg

Scale 1 in = 5000 ft. Prepared by the Upper East Tennessee Section, local planning assistance office in January 1985 and approved by the county commission of Washington County on February 4, 1985. County roadmap highling all mills within the county. / https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1173/thumbnail.jpg

Scale 1 in = 5000 ft. Prepared by the Upper East Tennessee Section, local planning assistance office in January 1985 and approved by the county commission of Washington County on February 4, 1985. County roadmap with cemetery locations (marked and unmarked) throughout the county. / https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1174/thumbnail.jpg

Includes advertisements for 26 local businesses and an insert image of East Tennessee State College. Copyright by Western States Publishing Co. Undated, but ca. 1960s. Scale 1 in = 1.5 miles. / https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1176/thumbnail.jpg

Undated road map indicating the various types of roads and their status as paved or unpaved. Scale 1 inch = 4000 feet. / https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1194/thumbnail.jpg

Local food networks are often defined as presenting a variety of alternative food production, consumption, and distribution practices to the conventional food system such as community-supported-agriculture, farmers markets, and community gardens. Local food initiatives are commonly proposed as a model for the future of sustainable agriculture, and in the region of Portland, Oregon the abundance of such alternative venues results from the area's natural surroundings and smart planning. The region is host to 39 farmers markets and Portland is often hailed as one of the country's most sustainable cities. This study examines the role of local food networks in preserving agricultural land uses and livelihoods in Washington County, Oregon, a rapidly growing county adjacent to the city of Portland. I focus on small-scale agricultural landscapes where the producer sells at farmers markets or through community supported agriculture (CSAs). I explore farmers' concerns about urbanization and farmland preservation, their relationship to urban markets, motives to become a farmer, engagement with the surrounding environment, and their difficulties participating in local food networks. In addition, I explore farmers market managers' insights into the development of local food networks and how they see their markets supporting small-scale farmers. In a survey of consumers I examine consumer motives to `buy local' and consumer concerns about farmland preservation. The research is qualitative and explores: 1) the processes shaping the development of local food networks; 2) how particular ideas and images of nature and the countryside inform both consumer desires to purchase from farmers selling locally and; 3) how those same images of nature and the countryside inform and motivate people to become farmers participating in local food networks. In so doing, I argue that the networks that sustain urban and rural systems are important in understanding the development of local food networks, and that the preservation of economically and culturally important agricultural lands in Washington County depends on a diversity of opinions and rural narratives in order to preserve small-scale sustainable farmlands close-in to cities. The conclusion is that local food sold through alternative venues can be used as a means to preserve and develop specific and manageable farm sites and agricultural land uses but the impact is limited. Large scale impacts on agricultural land uses and livelihoods will depend on planners and advocates agreeing on policies that encompass a diversity of opinions, land uses, and land managers, while understanding the array of networks beyond the city that sustain both urban and rural systems.

The objectives of this study were to, (1) review the opinions of contemporary American educators regarding activity programs in our secondary schools; (2) investigate the activity programs currently provided in the junior and senior high schools in Washington County, Oregon; and (3) offer some suggestions based upon this information. The literature in this field, although somewhat limited, except for periodicals, acquainted the reader with the general area and provided a basis for the review and study of the present practices in Washington County. The data concerning the practices in the schools studied was obtained through a questionnaire which was personally distributed and collected. The results were tabulated on 22 tables from which a narrative synopsis of pertinent information was drawn. For example. at the junior high level, five schools engage in interscholastic sports; all eight schools have assemblies; three schools maintain a homeroom activity; all eight schools offer vocal music; and the two largest schools have more special interest clubs than any of the others. At the senior high level, all schools engage in interscholastic athletic competition; three schools have intramural sports; two schools do not have a marching band; and six schools publish more than a yearbook and newspaper. As a result of the review of what is currently done in the secondary schools of Washington County, and viewed in the perspective gained by the study of the Literature in this field, ten suggestions that might improve the current programs in some schools are provided for the decision-making personnel of the school districts and schools of the County. The highlights of these suggestions are: 1. That each school establish criteria by which it annually evaluates its activity program. 2. That workshops be established to discuss student needs. 3. That a census of both student participation and teacher skills be taken. 4. That junior and senior high schools work closely to allow beginning skills and interests to be carried over in the advanced grades. s. That school districts investigate programs in other geographical areas and make activity information available to those interested. 6. That schools provide a wide range of activities that may offer carry-over recreational possibilities for adult life.

The Horse Heaven Hills uplift in south-central Washington consists of distinct northwest and northeast trends which merge in the lower Yakima Valley. The northwest trend is adjacent to and parallels the Rattlesnake-Wallula alignment (RAW; a part of the Olympic-Wallowa lineament). The northwest trend and northeast trend consist of aligned or en echelon anticlines and monoclines whose axes are generally oriented in the direction of the trend. At the intersection, folds in the northeast trend plunge onto and are terminated by folds of the northwest trend.