Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-01T17:54:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-08-10. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-04-01T18:00:20Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000505772.pdf: 2673100 bytes, checksum: 0b1ec10e248621594ebb61317344d2af (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este estudo apresenta uma análise numérica dos campos de temperaturas e velocidades d'água durante seu processo de aquecimento via calor sensível no interior de um armazenador térmico cilíndrico, aquecido lateralmente e adiabático em seu topo e base, visando o estudo da condição de operação de um aquecedor de água coletor solar-armazenador integrados (ICSSWH - Integrated Collector-Storage Water Heater). Em uma segunda análise a influência de um defletor interno é estudada pela definição dos campos de velocidades e temperaturas da água. A abordagem numérica é realizada a partir de um modelo bidimensional, transiente, não linear e em coordenadas cilíndricas, discretizada pela técnica de elementos finitos. A construção do modelo é obtida numericamente através de um código computacional desenvolvido em linguagem de programação C. Os resultados numéricos são validados. Análises transientes dos campos de velocidades e temperaturas bem como das temperaturas de mistura e velocidade de carregamento, com e sem parede interna direcionada (defletor interno) são realizadas com a finalidade de estudar a inlfuência da referida parede na convecção livre nessas condições. / This study shows a numerical analysis of the temperature and speed fields of water during the process of heating through sensible heat in the interior of a cylindric thermal storage, heated laterally and with adiabatics top and base, in order to study the operational conditions of an integrated collector-storage solar water heater (ICSSWH). In a second analysis a model with an internal baffle is created and temperature and velocity fields are analysed. The numerical study is done taking into consideration a bidimensional, transient non linear research in cylindric coordenates, discretized by the technique of finite elements. Its solution is obtained numerically through a computational code developed in a C programming language. The numerical results are validated. A transient analysis of the spped and temperature fields so as of the mixing temperatures and the charging speed, with or without the infernal baffle are carried out taking into account the aim of studying the influence of the so called wall in the free convection of those conditions.

Diversos procedimentos têm sido utilizados para destoxicação da torta de mamona. Entre esses a solubilização das substâncias responsáveis pelo caráter tóxico desse resíduo, ricina e ricinina, em água quente e/ou soluções salinas aquecidas. Foram desenvolvidos algo ritmos para simular o aquecimento solar da água como estratégia para baixar custos no processo de destoxicação da torta de mamona, originária do processo de produção de biodiesel. Para isto foi utilizada a ferramenta computacional Simulink/MATLAB@. Foram então analisadas várias situações com base na proposta de aquecimento direto, por se tratar de uma forma de transferência de calor menos dispendiosa. São propostos modelos dinâmicos em diferentes graus de complexidade para uma avaliação prévia do processo de aquecimento da água por meio de energia solar. Apresentam-se os diagramas de blocos dos modelos computacionais, correspondentes a cada uma das etapas de elaboração. Os modelos matemáticos propostos proporcionaram importantes previsões para valores de temperatura nas diferentes fases de elaboração. apresentando-se como importante ferramenta de trabalho para uma próxima etapa que é a de validação experimental do modelo final / Algorithms have been developed in arder to simulate the water solar heating as a strategy for lowering castor bean pie destoxication costs, among from the biodiesel oil for production extraction processo Diverse procedure, substances solubilization, this residue toxic caracter factor, found in hot water and in some saline solutions, motivated this water heating modeling work, through solar energy, since this procedure type can and low cost to the above-mentioned methods, on account of this, one has used computational smulink/matlab in arder to simulate and to arise favorable conditions for this technique use strategies elaboration. One has, then, analized several situation, departing from a termal heating proposal, since this is a less expensive heat transference formo Of this form an objective function was proposal to create O variable that esteem the behavior of the system and better define the excellent conditions for the considered processo .Among these, the established variable as parameters for the simulated conditions, are presented the results, taking itself in account values of income for the process, existing in literature. One porpuses dynamic models, under complexity different degress, for a water heating process previous evaluation, through solar energy. Temperature variations, in the process diferrent stages, have been simulated, with simulink/matlab aid for the above-mentioned system behaviour analysis one presents computational models. blocks diagrams, correspondent to each one of the elaboration stage. Proposed mathematical models provided important previsions for temperature values, in the above-mentioned system different components, resulting as a work important tool for a next stage which is that one of the optimization

Submitted by JOSÉ APARECIDO SILVA DE QUEIROZ null (jqueiroz@unilins.edu.br) on 2016-06-28T17:33:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE FINAL JOSÉ QUEIROZ.pdf: 1990890 bytes, checksum: 8dbd46996efdf66f13c164f994bd6087 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-06-29T20:20:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 queiroz_jas_dr_bot.pdf: 1990890 bytes, checksum: 8dbd46996efdf66f13c164f994bd6087 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-29T20:20:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 queiroz_jas_dr_bot.pdf: 1990890 bytes, checksum: 8dbd46996efdf66f13c164f994bd6087 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-29 / O principal objetivo deste estudo é avaliar, com bases em resultados experimentais, um sistema de aquecimento solar constituído de mangueira de polietileno que permite a transferência do calor gerado pela radiação solar direta e/ou difusa (Energia Solar Térmica) para a água. O sistema foi dimensionado para atender a demanda de um Centro de Ressocialização com capacidade para 220 internos. Justifica-se a escolha do tema pelo fato de que consiste em um assunto atual de grande relevância, principalmente porque vive-se uma crise energética em nível mundial. O estudo comprova através de um experimento a viabilidade do aquecedor solar de baixo custo, considerando-se sua aplicabilidade em locais que demanda grande volume de água aquecida para banho. Os resultados demonstraram que o sistema alternativo proposto atendeu de forma eficiente e econômica a demanda solicitada, o que pode ser adotada pelo poder público em qualquer um de seus segmentos que necessite de água aquecida, com objetivo de reduzir custos e contribuir com o sistema energético brasileiro. O sistema foi analisado para atuar em fluxo continuo e fluxo intermitente, ambos objetivando aquecer a água a temperaturas superiores a 37 °C no inverno. Os resultados alcançados atenderam as expectativas coletando grandes volumes, com temperaturas médias acima de 42 °C. / The aim of this study is to evaluate, with bases on experimental results, a solar heating system consists of polyethylene hose that allows the transfer of heat generated by direct solar radiation and / or diffuse (Solar Thermal Energy) to the water. The system has been designed to meet the demand of a Rehabilitation Center with a capacity for 220 inmates. Justified the choice of the theme for the fact that consists of a current subject of great importance, especially because it lives in an energy crisis worldwide. The study proves through an experiment the viability of solar heater low cost, considering their applicability in places that demand large volume of heated water for bathing. The results showed that the alternative system proposed met efficiently and economically the requested demand, which can be adopted by the government in any of its segments that need heated water, in order to reduce costs and contribute to the Brazilian energy system. The system was analyzed to operate in continuous flow, intermittent flow, both aiming at heating the water to temperatures above 37 °C in winter. The results achieved met the expectations collecting large volumes, with average temperatures above 42 °C.

Orientador: Alcides Padilha / Banca: Vicente Luiz Scalon / Banca: Ricardo Fortes de Miranda / Resumo: Este estudo apresenta uma análise numérica dos campos de temperaturas e velocidades d'água durante seu processo de aquecimento via calor sensível no interior de um armazenador térmico cilíndrico, aquecido lateralmente e adiabático em seu topo e base, visando o estudo da condição de operação de um aquecedor de água coletor solar-armazenador integrados (ICSSWH - Integrated Collector-Storage Water Heater). Em uma segunda análise a influência de um defletor interno é estudada pela definição dos campos de velocidades e temperaturas da água. A abordagem numérica é realizada a partir de um modelo bidimensional, transiente, não linear e em coordenadas cilíndricas, discretizada pela técnica de elementos finitos. A construção do modelo é obtida numericamente através de um código computacional desenvolvido em linguagem de programação C. Os resultados numéricos são validados. Análises transientes dos campos de velocidades e temperaturas bem como das temperaturas de mistura e velocidade de carregamento, com e sem parede interna direcionada (defletor interno) são realizadas com a finalidade de estudar a inlfuência da referida parede na convecção livre nessas condições. / Abstract: This study shows a numerical analysis of the temperature and speed fields of water during the process of heating through sensible heat in the interior of a cylindric thermal storage, heated laterally and with adiabatics top and base, in order to study the operational conditions of an integrated collector-storage solar water heater (ICSSWH). In a second analysis a model with an internal baffle is created and temperature and velocity fields are analysed. The numerical study is done taking into consideration a bidimensional, transient non linear research in cylindric coordenates, discretized by the technique of finite elements. Its solution is obtained numerically through a computational code developed in a C programming language. The numerical results are validated. A transient analysis of the spped and temperature fields so as of the mixing temperatures and the charging speed, with or without the infernal baffle are carried out taking into account the aim of studying the influence of the so called wall in the free convection of those conditions. / Mestre

Orientador: Marina Sangoi de Oliveira Ilha / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T20:54:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ribeiro_MariliaFerraz_M.pdf: 7377703 bytes, checksum: 1e30ea2940df727adbb976b5bcd9ca4e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O emprego de medidas visando a conservação de água e energia elétrica vem sendo cada vez mais incentivado, dentro do conceito de sustentabilidade das edificações. O chuveiro, equipamento mais empregado para o aquecimento de água para o banho em habitações de interesse social, representa cerca de 24% do consumo de energia elétrica do setor residencial, além de ser utilizado no horário de pico do sistema elétrico, o que aumenta sobremaneira a demanda desse insumo. Alguns estudos avaliaram o impacto do emprego de sistemas de aquecimento solar em conjunto com chuveiros de potência regulável em edificações de interesse social, evidenciando a redução de consumo de energia elétrica. Há necessidade de se verificar, contudo, o impacto no consumo da água vinculado ao uso desses sistemas, pois muitas vezes o pensamento relacionado ao "aquecimento gratuito" pode conduzir a um aumento do consumo de água. A conscientização das pessoas é condição imprescindível para a sua participação ativa e mudança de hábitos de consumo, em conjunto com o emprego de tecnologias economizadoras. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo desenvolvido junto a 16 habitações de interesse social localizadas em um bairro da cidade de Campinas, São Paulo. Trata-se de um estudo de caso no qual a montagem e instalação dos aquecedores solares de baixo custo (ASBC) foram efetuadas pela própria comunidade envolvida, que participou também de oficinas de sensibilização para o uso racional de água e de energia elétrica. Foram avaliados o impacto após a instalação do ASBC, a apropriação da tecnologia por seus usuários e as mudanças ocorridas nos hábitos de consumo após a participação das oficinas de sensibilização. A partir dessas análises foram propostas diretrizes e recomendações para implantação de tecnologias sociais em comunidades com as mesmas características / Abstract: The use of measures aiming to conserve water and energy has been increasingly encouraged, within the concept of sustainability of buildings. Shower, the equipment most used to heat water for bathing in low-income houses, represents approximately 24% of electricity consumption in the residential sector, besides being used on peak periods of the electrical system, which greatly increases demand of this input. Some studies have assessed the impact of the use of solar heating systems in conjunction with adjustable power showers in low-income houses, highlighting the reduction in power consumption. It is necessary to verify, though, the impact on water consumption linked to the use of such systems because often the thought related to the "free heating" can lead to an increase in water consumption. The awareness of people is prerequisite for their active participation and change in consumption habits, along with the use of saving technologies. This work presents a study conducted with 16 low-income houses located in a neighborhood in the city of Campinas, São Paulo. This is a case study in which the assembly and installation of low cost solar heating systems (ASBC) were carried out by the community involved, which also participated in workshops to raise awareness of the rational use of water and energy. The impact after installation of the ASBC, the appropriation of technology by its users and the changes in consumption habits after participating in the workshops to raise awareness were evaluated. From these analyses, guidelines and recommendations were established for deployment of technologies in communities with the same characteristics / Mestrado / Arquitetura e Construção / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Orientador: Jose Tomaz Vieira Pereira, Elizabeth Marques Duarte Pereira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T09:17:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fantinelli_JaneTassinari_D.pdf: 4761109 bytes, checksum: 24169f2686e7a2a24d1d355b5ef3e0d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Os programas para a redução da pobreza e para o acesso das populações às condições básicas para uma boa qualidade de vida devem contemplar soluções que considerem os avanços tecnológicos e os benefícios da produtividade e da eficiência energética. O uso de sistemas termossolares (coletores solares) como forma de substituir a eletricidade para o aquecimento de água já foi uma solução adotada em diversos países do mundo, entre a Primeira e a Segunda guerras mundiais e no primeiro e segundo choques do petróleo. Hoje se insere como uma alternativa que causa menores danos ambientais e traz retorno financeiro para as populações de baixa renda, pela economia de energia elétrica. A eficiência energética alcançada com coletores solares dimensionados para pequenos volumes de água para o consumo no banho e a adaptação das famílias com a tecnologia foram constatados através de estudo de caso realizado no Bairro Sapucaias, em Contagem (MG). A economia com a redução da conta de energia se reflete na aquisição de eletrodomésticos e também nas aspirações e desejos que sinalizam novas perspectivas de futuro, como a posse de microcomputador. A investigação sobre as ações dos diversos agentes envolvidos na disseminação do uso de sistemas termossolares para os segmentos de interesse social no Brasil mostra que os sucessivos programas, planos e metas, estabelecidos para se incorporarem em políticas estratégicas de desenvolvimento do país, não foram implementados. A ausência de um planejamento energético específico para a parcela da população (49,7 milhões de pessoas - 27,6% da população) que ganha até 2 salários mínimos mostra que as políticas públicas deverão ser direcionadas para promover estratégias que considerem planos de longo prazo e de grande abrangência social. Para essa parcela, o gasto com energia elétrica para banho representa 14% a 23% de sua renda mensal. Ações que promovam o uso de tecnologias eficientes para o benefício de grandes parcelas da população devem estar inseridas no planejamento estratégico de desenvolvimento na nação, alinhadas com todas as demais estruturas: econômicas, energéticas, ambientais, educacionais / Abstract: The programs for reduction of poverty and for providing people with access to the basic conditions for a good life quality should include solutions that take into account technological advances and the benefits of productivity and energyc efficiency. The use of solar collectors to replace electricity in water heating has already been adopted in several countries of the world, between the First and Second World Wars and on the first and second oil crises. Today it appears as an alternative that causes less environmental harm and brings financial gains to low income populations through electric energy savings. The energyc efficiency attained with solar collectors designed for small water volumes for consumption in bathing and the families¿ adaptation to this technology have been verified by means of a case study conducted at the Sapucaias district, in Contagem, MG. The savings through the reduction of the energy bill are witnessed by the acquisition of electric and electronic goods and also by the aspirations and desires denoting new perspectives about the future, like possessing a personal computer. An inquiry on the actions of the several agents involved in the diffusion of the use of solar collectors among classes of lowcost houses in Brazil reveals that the successive programs, plans and goals proposed for incorporation in strategic development policies for the country have not been executed. The absence of an energy planning specific to the significant parcel of Brazilian population (49.7 million people, 27.6% of its population) earning up to 2 minimum wages shows that public policies should be directed to the promotion of strategies founded on long term planning of large social reach. For this, parcel the expenditure with electric energy for bathing represents approximately 14 to 23 percent of their monthly income. The actions promoting the use of efficient technologies for the benefit of great parcels of population should be inserted in the strategic planning for the nation¿s development, in line with all its other structures: economic, energetic, environmental, educational / Doutorado / Doutor em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos

Orientador: Luiz Carlos Pereira da Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T04:17:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tome_MauriciodeCastro_M.pdf: 1294997 bytes, checksum: 7f957ff745612ef36a77596912782f07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O presente trabalho procura analisar o aquecimento elétrico de água no setor residencial e seu impacto no perfil de tensão, perdas e energia total acumulada. Por meio de simulações computacionais com uma rede de teste, juntamente com dados de uso dos eletrodomésticos mais comuns no ambiente residencial (separados por região, devido às diferentes condições e padrões de consumo das mesmas), foi possível estimar a quantidade de energia utilizada referente ao chuveiro elétrico, bem como o impacto no perfil de tensão e as perdas na distribuição decorrentes do uso do mesmo. Além disso, também foram analisadas as propostas de tarifação branca da ANEEL e as propostas homologadas pelas concessionárias, e seu impacto na conta de luz do consumidor residencial, para três padrões de consumo: consumo total não modificado, consumo do chuveiro deslocado e consumo do chuveiro eliminado. Na parte de impactos na rede de distribuição, confirmou-se que a utilização do chuveiro elétrico, que é praticamente uma exclusividade brasileira, representa uma parcela significativa do consumo total de uma residência, além de ser um dos maiores responsáveis pelo pico de consumo no setor residencial, o que causa um afundamento no perfil de tensão e aumento nas perdas na distribuição, características indesejadas na operação do sistema elétrico. Já na parte do consumo residencial, foi visto que os postos tarifários homologados pelas concessionárias reduzem em muito os ganhos possíveis com o deslocamento do horário de carga do chuveiro, de forma que a chance de uma adoção significativa da tarifa branca pelos consumidores é baixa. Por outro lado, uma adesão maciça dos consumidores poderia fazer com que o consumo do chuveiro fosse deslocado do horário de ponta e se concentrasse no horário imediatamente posterior, o que pode agravar a situação atual em termos de pico de consumo / Abstract: This thesis presents an analysis of the electricity based water heating in the Brazilian residential sector and its impacts on the electric grid voltage profile, losses and total energy consumption. Using computer simulation through a test network, and considering the most common household appliances' usage data, it was possible to estimate the total energy used by the electric shower, as well as its impact on voltage profile and distribution losses. Moreover, it is also analysed the time of use (TOU) tariff proposed by ANEEL and the consolidated tariffs proposed by the Brazilian utilities, and its impacts in the customers' energy bill, for three load patterns: unmodified, electric shower demand moved off-peak, and without electric shower. Results about the impact on distribution networks confirmed that the electric shower usage (which is almost exclusive to Brazil) represents a large amount of the electric energy used by the residential customers, and, in addition, it is a major contributor to the peak loading of the residential sector, causing voltage drop and increased distribution losses, which are undesired in electric distribution systems. In terms of household consumption, it was possible to conclude that the utilities' approved time-of-use tariffs give little margin for possible savings in the electricity bill in comparison with ANEEL's initial tariff proposal, so that TOU adoption will probably be very low. On the other hand, a massive adoption of the off-peak shower usage by the customers could cause a concentration in its usage in a later time, which would eventually worsen the actual peak hour scenario / Mestrado / Energia Eletrica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Low-income households in the Western Cape primarily use small electrical kettles to heat water for bathing and cleaning. This energy usage pattern is problematic in that; • It is based on unsustainable energy sources that cause environmental degradation, • Electricity is becoming more expensive in South Africa which strains the limited income of poorer households and • The national utility, Eskom, is struggling to meet the demand for electricity. If energy-intensive development paths are followed these problems will escalate further. Solar water heating offers a synergic (Max-Neef 1991), if partial, solution for the situation. By decoupling hot water usage from increased electricity usage, solar water heaters (SWHs) can reduce electricity demand and thus environmental degradation. The large quantities of hot water (relative to electrical kettles) that they provide also fulfil a developmental service by improving quality of life and personal health. The manufacturing and installation of solar water heaters could serve as a further catalyst for development by providing opportunities for economic development. Unfortunately the high capital cost of SWHs remains a barrier to the rollout of the technology in lower income groups. The objective of this thesis is to contribute to the elimination of this barrier through providing insight into; the hot water requirements of low-income households, the potential electricity and carbon emission savings that solar water heaters present, and the cost drivers and job creation potential of the solar water heating value chain. The research hypothesis is that: Solar water heaters (SWHs) are a potential synergic satisfier to achieve sustainable development in low income communities by providing an improved energy service, reducing environmental degradation and creating employment opportunities. The high price of the technology makes intervention in the form of subsidies and/or regulation from the appropriate level(s) of government critical for the realisation of this potential. The methodology used to test the hypothesis is quantitative and qualitative in nature with data obtained through a survey of 90 low-income households in Stellenbosch, a behavioural study of two households wherein solar water heaters were installed and a value chain analysis of the SWH industry in the Western Cape. The key findings of the research include that, SWHs offer a real improvement in quality of life for low-income households and that they reduce electricity consumption relative to a level of development. The key barrier to cost reductions in the solar water heating industry is found to be the small size of the industry which leads to an inability to source material, especially copper, at competitive prices. It is proposed that government sponsored rollout programs could alleviate this barrier, leading to the development of a robust industry. Job creation potential is found to be relatively small but a suggested rollout programme for SWHs in the Western Cape shows that the benefits of the technology can be realised and several thousand jobs created in a fiscally prudent manner. The thesis is focuses on households from LSM categories 5-8 in the Western Cape Province. Stellenbosch Municipality is used as a specific case study area. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Lae-inkomste huishoudings in die Wes-Kaap gebruik klein elektriese ketels as hul primêre water verhittingstoestel vir bad en skoonmaak aktiwiteite. Hierdie energie verbruik patroon is problematies in dat; • Dit gebaseer is op onvolhoubare energie bronne wat skadelik is vir die omgewing, • Elektrisiteit duurder word in suid afrika, en sodoende druk plaas op die beperkete inkomste van armer huishoudings en • Die nasionale elektrisiteitsdiensverskaffer, eskom, sukkel om te voldoen aan die vraag vir elektrisiteit. As energie-intensiewe ontwikkelings paaie gevolg word sal hierdie probleme verder vererger. Son water verhitting bied 'n sinergiese (Max-Neef 1991), dog gedeeltelike, oplossing vir die situasie. Deur warm water verbruik te ontkoppel van toenemende elektrisiteitsverbruik kan son water verwarmers (SWVs) die vraag na elektrisiteit en dus omgewingskade verminder. Die groot hoeveelhede warm water (relatief tot 'n elektriese ketel) wat die toestelle voorsien vervul ook 'n ontwikkelingsdiens deur verbeterde lewenskwaliteit en persoonlike gesondheid mee te bring. Die vervaardiging en installeering van SWVs kan dien as 'n verdere katalisator vir ontwikkeling deur geleenthede vir ekonomiese ontwikkeling te skep. Ongelukkig bly die hoë kapitaal koste van SWVs 'n struikelblok tot die verspreiding van die tegnologie in lae inkomste groepe. Die doelwit van hierdie tesis is om by te dra tot die verwydering van hierdie struikelblok deur insig te gee oor; die warm water benodigheid in lae-inkomste huishoudings, die potensiële elektrisiteit-en koolstofbesparings wat SWVs inhou, en die koste drywers en werkskepping potensiaal van die sonwaterverwarmer waarde ketting. Die navorsingshipotese is dat: Son water verwarmers 'n potensiële sinergiese bevrediger is vir die bereik van volhoubare ontwikkeling in lae-inkomse gemeenskappe deurdat dit 'n verbeterde energie diens voorsien, omgewingskade verminder en werksgeleenthede skep. Die hoë prys van die tegnologie verorsaak dat ingryping deur die toepaslike vlak(ke) van regering, deur middel van subsidies en/of regulasie, benodig word om die potensiaal daarvan te verwesenlik. Die metodologie wat gebruik word om die hipotese te toets is kwantitatief en kwalitatief van aard met data wat verkry word deur 'n opname onder 90 lae-inkomste huishoudings in Stellenbosch, 'n gedragstudie van twee huishoudings waarin SWVs geinstalleer is en 'n waardekettinganalise van die SWV industrie in die Wes-Kaap. Die sleutel gevolgtrekkings van die navorsing sluit in dat, sonwaterverwarmers 'n werklike verbetering in die kwaliteit van lewe van lae-inkomste huishoudings meebring en dat hulle elektrisiteitsverbruik relatief tot 'n vlak van ontwikkeling verminder. Die hoof struikelblok tot koste verminderings in die SWV industrie word gevind in die klein grootte van die industrie wat lei tot die onvermoë om materiaal, veral koper, teen kompeterende pryse aan te koop. Dit word voorgestel dat regeringsondersteunde verspreidingsprogramme hierdie struikelblok kan verwyder en dat dit sal lei tot die ontwikkeling van 'n gesonde industrie. Werkskeppingspotensiaal word gevind om relatief klein te wees, maar 'n voorgestelde verspreidings program vir SWVs in die Wes-Kaap wys dat die voordele van SWVs gerealiseer kan word en etlike duisend werksgeleenthede geskep kan word op 'n finansieel verantwoordelike wyse. Die tesis fokus op huishoudings in die LSM kategorieë 5-8 in die Wes-Kaap provinsie. Stellenbosch munisipaliteit word gebruik as n spesifieke gevallestudie area. / Sponsored by the Centre for Renewable and Sustainable Energy Studies

Cette thèse présente les résultats de recherche, de modélisation et de simulation d'un système de rafraîchissement solaire au Maroc dans le cadre du projet PRSM (Procédés de Rafraîchissement Solaire au Maroc) financé par l'IRESEN (Institut de Recherche en Energie Solaire et Energies Nouvelles). L'objectif est d'étudier les facteurs concernant l'optimisation d'une machine à absorption solaire (LiBr-H2O) sous les conditions marocaines. De plus, un certain nombre de critères de conception, qui peuvent être utilisés par les concepteurs de systèmes de climatisation et de chauffage solaires, ont été établis en tenant compte de considérations énergétiques et économiques. En conséquence, cette thèse couvre quatre aspects. Le premier aspect présente un aperçu de recherche bibliographique sur les technologies solaires, en mettant l'accent sur les systèmes du froid solaire, les processus pertinents existants, l'état du marché, les développements récents des technologies les plus prometteuses et les principaux indicateurs de performance qui figurent dans la littérature. De plus, l'aspect expérimental de l'installation de climatisation solaire adopté dans le projet PRSM a été décrit pour identifier les caractéristiques techniques importantes de l'installation et les difficultés rencontrées lors de la réalisation du prototype. La deuxième dimension concerne la faisabilité technique d'un système de climatisation solaire en se basant sur des indicateurs énergétiques et économiques et prenant en compte les effets combinés des climats, des catégories de bâtiments et des besoins en climatisation dans les conditions marocaines. Le troisième aspect présente le stockage latent de l'énergie thermique utilisant les matériaux à changement de phase (MCPs). Il porte sur l'étude des méthodes numériques utilisées dans la modélisation des phénomènes de changement de phase et se concentre également sur l'ajout des MCPs dans le système de climatisation solaire intégré à l'intérieur du ballon solaire connecté au générateur de la machine à absorption pour évaluer l'amélioration possible du rendement du système. Le quatrième volet de cette thèse présente l'analyse technico-économique et de sensibilité appliquée au développement d'un procédé solaire combiné d'eau chaude sanitaire, chauffage et climatisation au Maroc. L'analyse globale via une généralisation des résultats au niveau national a été réalisée en complément d'une analyse de sensibilité liée à l'investissement dans ces systèmes afin d'évaluer le potentiel de remplacement des technologies traditionnelles par les systèmes solaires et les gains éventuels liés à leur implantation au Maroc. / This thesis reports the results of research into the modeling and simulation of a solar air-conditioning system for Morocco in the framework of the project SCPM (Solar Cooling Process in Morocco) funded by IRESEN (Research Institute for Solar Energy and New Energies). The aim is to investigate the factors concerning the optimization of a LiBr-H2O solar absorption chiller under Moroccan conditions. Further, a number of design criteria, which can be used by designers of solar cooling and heating systems, have been established using energy and economic considerations. Accordingly, this thesis covers four aspects. The first overviews the literature survey on solar technologies with a focus on solar cooling systems which reports the relevant processes, summarizes the market status, presents the recent developments of the most promising technologies and describes the main performance indicators figuring in the literature. Moreover, the experimental aspect of the solar air-conditioning installation adopted in the SCPM project was described to identify the important technical characteristics of the installation and the difficulties encountered during the realization of the prototype. The second dimension concerns the technical feasibility of solar air-conditioning system using energy and economic indicators taking into account the combined effects of climates, building categories and cooling demands under Moroccan conditions. The third aspect presents the latent thermal energy storage using Phase Change Materials (PCMs). It concerns the investigation of numerical methods used in the modeling of phase change phenomena and also focuses on PCMs addition in the solar cooling process integrated inside solar storage tank connected to the generator of the absorption chiller to evaluate the possible enhancement in the system efficiency. The fourth aspect of this thesis outlines the technico-economic and sensitivity analysis applied to the development of a combined processes of solar DHW, heating and air-conditioning in Morocco. The overall analysis via a generalization of the results to the national level was carried out in addition to a sensitivity analysis related to the investment in these systems in order to assess the potential of replacing traditional technologies with the solar systems and the possible earnings related to their implementation in Morocco.

Submitted by Biblioteca Central (biblioteca@unicap.br) on 2017-11-17T18:28:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_josenildo_araujo_silva.pdf: 3324043 bytes, checksum: ad6ffc169174693f97e0f08b67e1ed4f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-17T18:28:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_josenildo_araujo_silva.pdf: 3324043 bytes, checksum: ad6ffc169174693f97e0f08b67e1ed4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-10 / Algorithms have been developed in arder to simulate the water solar heating as a strategy for lowering castor bean pie destoxication costs, among from the biodiesel oil for production extraction processo Diverse procedure, substances solubilization, this residue toxic caracter factor, found in hot water and in some saline solutions, motivated this water heating modeling work, through solar energy, since this procedure type can and low cost to the above-mentioned methods, on account of this, one has used computational smulink/matlab in arder to simulate and to arise favorable conditions for this technique use strategies elaboration. One has, then, analized several situation, departing from a termal heating proposal, since this is a less expensive heat transference formo Of this form an objective function was proposal to create O variable that esteem the behavior of the system and better define the excellent conditions for the considered processo .Among these, the established variable as parameters for the simulated conditions, are presented the results, taking itself in account values of income for the process, existing in literature. One porpuses dynamic models, under complexity different degress, for a water heating process previous evaluation, through solar energy. Temperature variations, in the process diferrent stages, have been simulated, with simulink/matlab aid for the above-mentioned system behaviour analysis one presents computational models. blocks diagrams, correspondent to each one of the elaboration stage. Proposed mathematical models provided important previsions for temperature values, in the above-mentioned system different components, resulting as a work important tool for a next stage which is that one of the optimization. / Diversos procedimentos têm sido utilizados para destoxicação da torta de mamona. Entre esses a solubilização das substâncias responsáveis pelo caráter tóxico desse resíduo, ricina e ricinina, em água quente e/ou soluções salinas aquecidas. Foram desenvolvidos algo ritmos para simular o aquecimento solar da água como estratégia para baixar custos no processo de destoxicação da torta de mamona, originária do processo de produção de biodiesel. Para isto foi utilizada a ferramenta computacional Simulink/MATLAB@. Foram então analisadas várias situações com base na proposta de aquecimento direto, por se tratar de uma forma de transferência de calor menos dispendiosa. São propostos modelos dinâmicos em diferentes graus de complexidade para uma avaliação prévia do processo de aquecimento da água por meio de energia solar. Apresentam-se os diagramas de blocos dos modelos computacionais, correspondentes a cada uma das etapas de elaboração. Os modelos matemáticos propostos proporcionaram importantes previsões para valores de temperatura nas diferentes fases de elaboração. apresentando-se como importante ferramenta de trabalho para uma próxima etapa que é a de validação experimental do modelo final.