The objectives of dissertation were to examine vegetation and water indices from AVIRIS and MODIS data for monitoring semiarid and upland vegetation communities related with moisture condition and their spatial and temporal dependencies in estimating evapotranspiration (ET). The performance of various water indices, including the normalized difference water index (NDWI) and land surface water index (LSWI), with the chlorophyll-based vegetation indices (VIs), the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI) was evaluated in 1) investigating sensitivity of vegetation and land surface moisture condition 2) finding optimal indices in detecting seasonal variations in vegetation water status at the landscape level, and 3) their spatial and temporal scale dependency on estimating ET. The analyses were accomplished through field radiometric measurement, airborne-based and satellite data processing accompanied with water flux data.The results of these studies showed vegetation and landscape moisture condition could be identified in VI - WI scatter-plot. LSWI (2100) showed the biggest sensitivity to variation of vegetation and background soil moisture condition as well. Multi-temporal MODIS data analysis was able to show water use characteristic of riparian vegetation and upland vegetation. Results showed water use characteristics of riparian vegetation are relatively insensitive to summer monsoon pulse, while upland vegetation is highly tied to summer monsoon rain. The relationship between water flux measurement from eddy covariance tower and satellite data has shown that MODIS derived EVI and LSWI (2100) have similar merit to estimate ET rate, but better correlation was observed from the relationship between MODIS EVI and ET.Pixel aggregation results using fine resolution AVIRIS data showed moderate resolution spatial scale 250m or 500m, best predicted ET rates over all study areas. Surface fluxes temporally aggregated to weekly or biweekly intervals showed the strongest ET versus EVI relationships. ET measured at flux towers can be scaled over heterogeneous vegetation associations by simple statistical methods that use meteorological data and flux tower data as ground input, and using the MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) as the only source of remote sensing data.

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Digital depth-to-water maps can be produced from a digital elevation model (DEM). Then GIS- based algorithms are used to calculate water flows and the depth-to-water index classes dry, fresh, moist and wet. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility to use depth- to-water maps for site adapted planting. The results showed that use of depth-to-water maps for site adapted planting, roughly halved the proportion of improperly planted surfaces from an average of 9 % to 4 %. The variation in the values of proper surface decreased and the result became more even.. In addition, more pine than spruce was incorrectly planted. Without soil moisture maps, the proportion of improper pine and spruce was 66 % and 34 % respectively, and with soil moisture maps, the proportion of improper pine and spruce was 55 % and 45 % respectively. This shows that for regenerations planted without the depth-to-water maps, mostly pine was incorrectly planted, but for the regenerations planted with the depth-to-water maps, the proportions were similar for spruce and pine. The conclusion from the results indicated that depth-to-water-maps can improve site adapted planting. By using the maps it is possible to get a good overview of the conditions and terrain variations of the planting sites.

Submitted by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2017-07-18T11:36:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 5809284 bytes, checksum: 902acd3b62b2994be1f92ddb09207e07 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-18T11:36:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 5809284 bytes, checksum: 902acd3b62b2994be1f92ddb09207e07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This paper deals with underground water diagnosis of the urban area from João Pessoa, state capital of Paraíba, Brazil, whose aim is evaluate its natural features, over time, considering as one of its main uses its intended, the human provision. For this, it was monitored 13 deep wells (on average 200m) on Beberibe aquifer and spread in urban area from João Pessoa. Such wells belong to water and sewage Company in the state of Paraíba – CAGEPA and present a reliable lithologic profile. It was used the Quality of Water Index from Bascarán – IQAB to evaluate the analytical results. The results demonstrated that during the study period, the water from monitored wells stand, in general, was classified as agreeable on the scale water quality of IQAB. It was found on the physical, chemical and bacteriological individual analysis, ammonia and nitrate levels off limits established by ordinance 518/04 from Health Ministry – Ministério da Saúde/MS. This way, the water classification as agreeable is justified according to IQAB scale. This reality shows the necessity and importance of a major supervision on the ground water on João Pessoa urban area by management agencies to avoid its contamination and, consequently, invalidating the use of this water for human consumption. / Este trabalho trata do diagnóstico da água subterrânea do perímetro urbano da cidade de João Pessoa, a capital do Estado da Paraíba, objetivando avaliar suas características naturais, ao longo do tempo, considerando o abastecimento humano como um dos principais usos a que se destina. Para tanto, foram monitorados 13 poços profundos (média de 200m), no aqüífero Beberibe e distribuídos no perímetro urbano de João Pessoa. Tais poços são de propriedade da Companhia de Água e Esgoto do Estado da Paraíba – CAGEPA e apresentam perfil litológico confiável. Para o tratamento dos resultados analíticos utilizou-se como ferramenta o Índice de Qualidade de Água de Bascarán – IQAB. Verificou-se que, no período do estudo, a água dos poços monitorados permaneceu, em geral, como agradável na escala de qualidade da água do IQAB. Na análise individual dos parâmetros físico, químico e bacteriológico constataram-se valores de amônia e nitrito fora dos limites estabelecidos pela portaria 518/04 do Ministério da Saúde – MS, o que justifica a classificação agradável, da água na escala do IQAB. Essa realidade mostra a necessidade e importância de uma maior fiscalização, por parte dos órgãos gestores, do lençol subterrâneo no perímetro urbano de João Pessoa sob pena de ocorrer sua contaminação acarretando, conseqüentemente, na inviabilização do uso da água para o consumo humano.

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