南水北調中綫工程的完成是國家權力成功運作的結果，而本文希望透過檢視水源地之一十堰市在環境治理上的表現來刻畫地方政府的行爲模式。 經濟發展與環境保護歷來是地方政府需要面臨的雙重考驗，縱向上看，中央與地方也常因利益分歧造成政策執行上的扭曲。而這種中央-地方關係及經濟發展與環境保護的矛盾在水源地十堰市體現得尤為明顯。因爲作爲水源地它需要切實貫徹中央「保水質」的任務，但是「保水質」與「保護環境」有著不同的內涵和指向，其背後是中央與地方利益的較量。然而，更深層次的矛盾在於，作爲一個貧困地區，十堰市本身脫貧壓力巨大，發展經濟的意願强烈。爲了保護水源地，十堰市必須在經濟發展上做出犧牲。面對這一複雜情境，十堰市的領導人毅然選擇完成中央交辦的任務。 本文希望透過檢視十堰市政府與上級政府及地方行動者的互動來勾畫出地方政府的行爲模式，同時探討其行爲背後的原因。 / The south-to-north water transfer project is a great hydraulic engineering aiming at relieving water scarcity problem in Northern China. The Chinese central government plays an important role in building dams and transferring water through closed conduit. However, the more challenging problem is to guarantee the water quality of the water source area:Danjiankou Reservoir. As the main part of the reservoir is located in Shiyan city, it has no choice but to take responsibility of protecting environment and make sure that the water quality standard can be reached. Facing such arduous task, Shiyan spare no effort in reaching the goal, and some polluting industries are badly effected or even prohibited. As the result, the performance of Shiyan is appreciated by leaders of all levels, but these measures are controversial. Balancing between economic development and environmental protection is quite difficult, but as an extremely poor city, Shiyan City would rather protect aquatic environment for northern people than develop economy for local residents. So the performance of Shiyan city aroused my interest.This thesis tries to throw light on how Shiyan governed the environment and how it react to pressures from above and below, and why it happened. The conclusion is that Shiyan takes different strategies towards different actors, and the reason is related to performance evaluation system and promotion. And the results are based on field work, books ,journals and so on.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2015-12-08T17:21:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 mariamagalyheidenreichsilvabucci.pdf: 6945557 bytes, checksum: 764cca9116f0ee9884720c7c5a5e9668 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2015-12-09T13:46:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mariamagalyheidenreichsilvabucci.pdf: 6945557 bytes, checksum: 764cca9116f0ee9884720c7c5a5e9668 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-09T13:46:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mariamagalyheidenreichsilvabucci.pdf: 6945557 bytes, checksum: 764cca9116f0ee9884720c7c5a5e9668 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-29 / A Represa Dr. João Penido é o principal manancial de abastecimento humano de Juiz de Fora (MG). O ecossistema aquático vem sofrendo com o mau uso e ocupação das terras de sua bacia hidrográfica. A abundância de macrófitas em vários pontos do espelho d’água e nas regiões dos tributários indica processos de eutrofização. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram calcular o Índice de Qualidade da Água (IQA) e Índice de Estado Trófico (IET), investigar a presença de metais e agrotóxicos em cinco pontos de coleta na represa. Foram realizadas 4 amostragens para caracterizar o período seco e 4 para o chuvoso, no período entre 2011 e 2013. Os parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos analisados foram: temperatura, pH, oxigênio dissolvido (OD), fósforo total (PT), nitrato (NO3-), nitrito (NO2-), amônio (NH4+), nitrogênio total (NT), sólidos totais (ST), demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO), cor, turbidez, condutividade, clorofila a, coliformes totais e coliformes termotolerantes; os metais investigados nas formas total e dissolvida foram: Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn, Mn, Fe, Na, K e Ca; os agrotóxicos foram aqueles definidos nas Portarias MS/GM 518/2004 e MS/GM 2.914/2011 do Ministério da Saúde. Houve predominância do IET “Mesotrófico” em todo o período observado e IQA “Bom” no período seco e “Médio” no chuvoso. A presença de metais na água é baixa, com exceção do Fe dissolvido que apresentou desconformidade com a Resolução CONAMA 357/2005 (BRASIL, 2005) em 27,5 %, de um total de 40 amostras analisadas. O Zn total extrapolou os limites legais em apenas uma amostra do ponto P2. Não foi constatada a presença de agrotóxicos no manancial, apesar das áreas de cultivo existentes na região. Espera-se que os estudos aqui apresentados possam contribuir para a implementação da Política Nacional dos Recursos Hídricos, possibilitando uma gestão integrada da bacia da represa, de forma a garantir a quantidade e qualidade da água oferecida para a população. / Dr. João Penido Reservoir is the main human supply source of Juiz de Fora (MG). The aquatic ecosystem has suffered from the bad use and occupation of the lands of their watershed. The abundance of macrophytes at various points of the water surface and in the tributaries regions indicates eutrophication processes. The objectives of this study were to calculate the Water Quality Index (WQI) and Trophic State Index (TSI), to investigate the presence of metals and agrotoxics in five sampling points in the dam. 4 samples were collected to characterize the dry period and 4 for rainy, between 2011 and 2013. The physical-chemical and microbiological parameters analyzed were: temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total phosphorus (TP), nitrate ( NO3-), nitrite (NO2-), ammonium (NH4 +), total nitrogen (TN), total solids (TS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), color, turbidity, conductivity, chlorophyll a, total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms; the metals investigated in the total and dissolved forms were: Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn, Mn, Fe, Na, K and Ca; agrotoxics were those defined in Ordinances MS / GM 518/2004 and MS / GM 2914/2011 of the Ministry of Health. There was a predominance of the TSI "Mesotrophic" throughout the observed period and WQI "Good" in the dry season and "Medium" in rainy. The presence of metals in water is low, with the exception of dissolved Fe that had disagreement with CONAMA Resolution 357/2005 (BRAZIL, 2005) in 27.5% of a total of 40 of the samples. The total Zn has extrapolated the legal limits in just a sample of the P2 point. There was no presence of agrotoxics in the reservoir, despite the existing growing areas in the region. It is expected that the studies presented here may contribute to the implementation of the National Water Resources, enabling integrated management of the reservoir basin, to ensure the quantity and quality water offered to the population.

In countries with harsh winter climates extensive winter road maintenance is necessary to achieve traffic accessibility and road safety. These measures have high economic and environmental costs as snow free roads and winter road maintenance in Sweden today is achieved by a combination of mechanical snow clearance and the spreading of salt to prevent ice formation. The salt ends up in the roadside environment and has negative effects on groundwater and vegetation. An alternative to traditional winter road maintenance to obtain non-skid winter roads is the use of hydronic pavement(HP) systems. Existing HP systems in Sweden are powered by district heating which limits the application to urban locations. The goal is to utilize renewable energy sources such as geoenergy which can be used in both rural and urban locations. This thesis suggests Hamnbacken in Visby as a pilot project for a full-scale application of the proposed HP system using surface water source heat.The weather related road surface conditions on Hamnbacken, and the potential of a renewable energysource have been examined in this study and the proposed location has been found favourable for a HP system. / Länder med övervägande kallt vinterklimat är halkbekämpning en nödvändighet för trafikens framkomlighet och säkerhet. Åtgärderna som vidtas för att få snö- och isfria vägar är kostsamma samt har en hög miljöpåverkan, ett vedertagligt exempel är plogning och saltning. Saltet hamnar i slutändan inom vägens omgivande områden och har en negativ påverkan på grundvatten och vegetation. En alternativ lösning till traditionell halkbekämpning är uppvärmda vägar för att uppnå ett halkfritt vinterväglag. Befintliga väguppvärmningssystem i Sverige försörjs av fjärrvärme vilket är en begräsning då tillgången till fjärrvärme finns i anslutning till tätorter. Målet är att utnyttja förnybara energikällor såsom geoenergi som är tillgänglig både i tätorter och på landsbygden. Det här examensarbetet undersöker Hamnbacken i Visby som ett pilotprojekt för en fullskalig implementering av väguppvärmningssystem där sjövärme används som energikälla. Denna studie har undersökt väderrelaterade vägförhållanden på Hamnbacken samt potentialen för användning av sjövärme. Den föreslagna platsens förutsättningar har visat sig vara gynnsamma i detta avseende.