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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Abastecimento de água para consumo humano na área urbana de São Luís: onde está a qualidade? / Water supply for human consumption in the urban area of São Luís: where is the quality?

Mendes, Djenane Coimbra Teixeira 18 December 2008 (has links)
Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-06-13T20:54:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DjenaneMendes.pdf: 8086741 bytes, checksum: b27505ebd584f5dfb679975eb7d53547 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-13T20:54:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DjenaneMendes.pdf: 8086741 bytes, checksum: b27505ebd584f5dfb679975eb7d53547 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-18 / The public supplying in terms of amount and quality has been a constant concern of the humanity, due to scarcity of the water and deterioration of the sources for the launching of effluent and residues, becoming an important factor in the transmission of diseases. During the drinking waters distribution, the quality of this can suffer a series from alterations, then after the exit of the treatment, that can compromise the standards of potabilidade demanded by law nº 518/04, when this arrives at the tap of the user and thus, if differentiating of the quality of the water that leaves the treatment station. In this study, it was looked to evaluate the quality of the water for human consumption of the urban area of São Luis, supplied for the systems of supplying, being recommended measured that they support the public administration of the water resources, of the environment and action of health, education and social mobilization aiming at the access to the water of healthful quality for the population. They had been collected and analyzed water samples of human consumption in the net of distribution in the 195 quarters of the urban area of São Luis, as well as the survey and mapping of the notifications of water-borne diseases propagation: diarrhea and hepatitis, in 07 quarters of the urban area, with bigger occurrence of cases, where it was evaluated correlation with the results of the water samples is of the standards in these quarters and the pluviometric precipitation as increase of incidence of cases. The significance was made through statistical test, which resulted in the relation of increase of the cases of diarrhea in the quarters with bigger occurrence in the rainy and insignificant period for hepatitis cases, illness this that it suggests to have relation with the lack of basic sanitation that if aggravates with the lack of information of the forms of infects. It was carried through still, inspection in the 04 systems of water supply of São Luis, to evaluate the conditions of the installations and process of treatment and distribution of the consumed water. The gotten results of the water samples in accordance with meet in disagreement with law nº 518/04, that it deals with the standards of potabilidade, as well as innumerable conformity found during the inspections in the systems, not pointing its consequences and which had recommendations with respect to corrective measures, the current law and the good norms of practical in the water supply. It was concluded that with the current treatment of the water supplied for the systems, the population of São Luis is displayed to the risk to contract illnesses and other aggravation to the health, having to be taken measured possible to minimize or to solve the problematic one of the distribution of the water, for however displayed. / O abastecimento público em termos de quantidade e qualidade tem sido uma preocupação constante da humanidade, devido à escassez da água e deterioração dos mananciais pelo lançamento de efluentes e resíduos, tornando-se um fator importante na transmissão de enfermidades. Durante a distribuição de água potável, a qualidade desta pode sofrer uma série de alterações, logo após a saída do tratamento, que podem comprometer os padrões de potabilidade exigidos pela Portaria nº 518/04, quando esta chega à torneira do usuário e assim, se diferenciando da qualidade da água que deixa a estação de tratamento. Neste estudo, procurou-se avaliar a qualidade da água para consumo humano da área urbana de São Luís, fornecida pelos sistemas de abastecimento, recomendando medidas que apóiem a gestão pública dos recursos hídricos, do meio ambiente e ações de saúde, educação e mobilização social visando o acesso à água de qualidade saudável para a população. Foram coletadas e analisadas amostras de água de consumo humano na rede de distribuição dos 195 bairros que compõem a área urbana de São Luis, assim como o levantamento e mapeamento das notificações de doenças de veiculação hídrica: diarréia aguda e hepatite A, em 07 bairros da área urbana, com maior ocorrência de casos, onde se avaliou a correlação com os resultados das amostras de água fora dos padrões nesses bairros e a precipitação pluviométrica como aumento de incidência de casos. A significância foi feita através de teste estatístico, o qual resultou na relação de aumento dos casos de diarréia nos bairros com maior ocorrência no período chuvoso e insignificante para casos de hepatite A, doença esta que sugere ter relação com a falta de saneamento básico que se agrava com a falta de informação das formas de contágio. Foi realizada ainda, inspeção nos 04 sistemas de abastecimento de água de São Luis, para avaliar as condições das instalações e processo de tratamento e distribuição da água consumida. Os resultados obtidos das amostras de água encontram-se em desacordo com a Portaria MS nº 518/04, que trata dos padrões de potabilidade, assim como inúmeras não conformidades encontradas durante as inspeções nos sistemas, apontando as suas conseqüências e devidas recomendações para medidas corretivas, de acordo com a legislação vigente e as normas de boas práticas no abastecimento de água. Concluiu-se que com o atual tratamento da água fornecida pelos sistemas, a população de São Luís está exposta ao risco de contrair doenças e outros agravos à saúde, devendo ser tomadas medidas cabíveis para minimizar ou solucionar a problemática da distribuição da água, por ora exposto.
2

GERIAMOJO VANDENS KOKYBĖ PANEVĖŽIO RAJONE 2008 — 2012 M / DRINKING WATER QUALITY IN PANEVĖŽYS DISTRICT 2008 TO 2012

Jonėnienė, Lina 18 June 2014 (has links)
Tyrimo metu nustatyta, jog Panevėžio rajono vandenviečių tiekiamas vanduo dažniausiai neatitinka bendrosios geležies, mangano nustatytų ribinių verčių. Vandens kokybė pagal analizuojamas vertes yra geresnė stambiose vandenvietėse (Ramygala, Naujamiestis). Ištirtų šulinių vanduo daugiausiai neatitinka nustatytų mikrobiologinių, toksinių rodiklių ir didžiausia vandens tarša išsiskyrė Smilgių, Paįstrio seniūnijų šulinių vanduo. Vyresnio amžiaus gyventojai, turintys žemesnį išsilavinimą, gaunantys mažesnes pajamas yra mažiau patenkinti vartojamo vandens kokybe. Kuo aukštesnės respondentų pajamos, tuo daugiau besinaudojančių centralizuotai tiekiamu vandeniu, žinančių, kad už geriamojo vandens kokybę atsakingi tiek vandens tiekėjai, tiek vartotojai, kad esant netenkinamai vandens kokybei reikia kreiptis į VMVT. Dauguma Panevėžio rajono gyventojų nepakanka informacijos apie šulinių geriamojo vandens priežiūrą, gerinimo galimybes, žinių, kas gali bloginti šulinio vandens kokybę, apie sanitarinių apsaugos zonų svarbą. Kuo aukštesnis respondentų išsilavinimas, mėnesinės pajamos, jaunesnis amžius, tuo didesnis skaičius žmonių turi vietinę kanalizaciją, nuotekas šalina centralizuotai, dažniau prižiūri šulinius, tiria juose esantį vandenį. Specialistai dirbantys Panevėžio rajono šulinių geriamojo vandens kokybės klausimais pagrindines prastos šulinių vandens kokybės priežastis nurodė netinkamą jų priežiūrą, neteisingai parinktą eksploatavimo vietą, sanitarines apsaugos zonas. Pagrindinės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / During the study it has been established that the water supplied from the Panevėžys Region water stations does not meet the threshold values for general iron and manganese. As far as the parameters taken into consideration the water quality supplied from larger water works (Ramygala, Naujamiestis) proved to be higher. The water from the wells tested in most cases does not meet the prescribed microbiological and toxical limits. The water from wells in Smilgiai, Paįstrys elderates proved to be the most polluted. Senior people with lower educational background and lower income are less satisfied with the drinking water quality. The higher the income of the respondents the more of them are using drinking water supplied from the centralized systems and they know that both the suppliers and users of water are responsible for its quality, and that in case of unsatisfactory quality they have to apply to the State Veterinary and Food Service. Most of the residents of the Panevėžys Region lack information about the water wells maintenance, methods of their improvement, factors that might worsen water quality, and about importance of sanitary zones. The higher is educational background level, monthly income, and younger age of the people the bigger is the number of them running local waste water treatment systems or disposing effluent water through centralized sewer, maintaining water wells, ordering analysis of water in them. The specialists working in the Panevėžys Region on wells... [to full text]

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